Vol 7, No 7 (2025)

the study of the psychological consequences of traumatic situations remains one of the most pressing issues in modern psychology. The increasing number of emergencies, armed conflicts, and social instability worldwide necessitates a profound analysis of both domestic and international research in this field to develop effective psychological interventions. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of fundamental theoretical approaches and practical advancements in the study of psychological trauma consequences in domestic and foreign science. Furthermore, it presents the results of an empirical study designed to identify the specifics of post-traumatic stress reactions on a non-clinical sample. The research is based at a psychological center and utilizes a non-clinical sample. The methodological approach includes analytical review and content analysis of relevant literature and empirical data. The study identifies key differences and similarities between theoretical paradigms and practical methodologies used in domestic and international trauma research. The empirical part reveals specific patterns of post-traumatic stress reactions within the studied sample. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-cultural perspectives on trauma and have practical implications for developing targeted psychological support strategies.

the article discusses the issue of diagnosing suicidal and depressive states of users of social networks by analyzing the color scheme of images and inscriptions placed on them. The color preferences of users in groups of images with suicidal and depressive tendencies were studied. The results of the study largely coincide with the results of other studies in this area. A connection was found between a high content of "negative" colors and a set of words characteristic of depressive behavior. The conducted research shows that a large number of the specified words and the color scheme of the preferred images can be an indicator of a complex psycho-emotional state. The results of the study show that indirect text and graphic signs in statements can serve as an additional tool for their suicidal orientation and, together with other tools, increase the accuracy of diagnosing the possibility of suicide among users of social networks. A set of tools has been created and published to enable such research.

the article explores the specific features of coping strategies used by working mothers of young children. The relevance of this topic stems from the increasing demands placed on women who combine professional responsibilities with motherhood, especially in the context of a fast-paced lifestyle and insufficient social support. The empirical research was conducted using validated psychodiagnostic tools, including the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-25), Lazarus and Folkman’s coping questionnaires, as well as the SACS and MDICS instruments. The sample consisted of 51 female respondents, categorized according to their children’s age groups and employment status. The results revealed that working mothers exhibit a higher level of stress compared to non-working mothers, which was confirmed by statistically significant differences on the PSM-25 scale. At the same time, they more frequently employ adaptive coping strategies such as seeking social support and positive reappraisal, reflecting a tendency toward constructive stress management. However, a portion of respondents also displayed maladaptive behavioral patterns such as avoidance, impulsive, and manipulative actions, indicating a need for additional psychological support. Based on the findings, practical recommendations were formulated to reduce chronic stress and enhance the psychological resilience of working mothers. These include the development of corporate support programs, flexible work arrangements, active involvement of family members in childcare, the use of professional assistance, and the application of psychological support and relaxation techniques. The study concludes with a call for further research into women's stress resilience and the development of comprehensive support measures that facilitate the balance between professional and parental roles.

the article examines leadership values and emotional intelligence among students of construction specialties as key flexible skills needed by specialists in the modern construction industry. The authors analyze the testing data of MSPU students on the platform of the autonomous non–profit organization "Russia - the land of opportunities", identifying several groups of students. The results showed that leadership values and emotional intelligence are interconnected with flexible skills such as result orientation and partnership, while gender differences in the level of emotional intelligence are revealed. The level of indicators for the University is at an average level, which underlines the need to develop programs for the development of these skills. Special attention is paid to the differences between the areas/specialties of training. The study confirms the relevance of the development of flexible skills for the formation of the personnel reserve in the construction and housing sector.

the study of the psychological consequences of traumatic events, particularly sexualized violence, is a priority for modern psychology and psycho-correction. Of particular importance is the investigation of the specifics of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) and such interrelated phenomena as hopelessness and reduced vitality, which are predictors of maladaptation and suicidal risk. In the context of educational psychology, the psychological well-being of adolescents who have experienced traumatic events is of utmost importance, as the problem of the long-term psychological consequences of trauma endured in childhood and adolescence is acute. Sexualized violence is a particularly alarming concern, as its consequences can lead to lifelong maladaptation. Despite the high prevalence of trauma sequelae in the educational environment, there is a deficit of qualitative research on the specifics of experiences after sexualized violence and their impact on key personal resources necessary for successful learning and development. Furthermore, there is insufficient research on representative samples demonstrating the persistence and specificity of these consequences in adulthood, which is necessary to justify the importance of early intervention. The study of hopelessness, vitality, and C-PTSD as factors of maladaptation is a fundamental task for developing targeted psychological and pedagogical interventions. Purpose. To identify the long-term psychological consequences of sexualized violence experienced in minors by conducting a comparative analysis of the level of hopelessness, vitality, and symptoms of C-PTSD in adults who have faced different types of psychological trauma. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of a psychological center. It involved three groups of adult participants: an experimental group (individuals who experienced childhood sexual abuse), control group 1 (individuals who experienced other types of trauma), and control group 2 (non-traumatized individuals). The following diagnostic tools were used: Beck's Hopelessness Scale (adapted by N.I. Kolacheva et al.), the Subjective Vitality Scale by R. Ryan and C. Frederick (adapted by L.A. Alexandrova), and the International Trauma Questionnaire by M. Cloitre (adapted by M.A. Padun et al.). For mathematical processing of the results, Student's t-test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and Fisher's F-test were used. The obtained empirical data will prove that the psychological trauma of sexualized violence experienced in childhood has severe and persistent long-term effects, persisting into adulthood. This underscores the critical importance of timely detection and comprehensive psychological, pedagogical, and rehabilitative assistance in adolescence. Based on the research results, a rehabilitation program for adolescents is being developed, aimed at preventing the formation of severe long-term consequences, reducing hopelessness, and restoring personal resources.

the article investigates the potential of project-based learning (PBL) as an effective psycho-pedagogical tool for developing critical thinking (CT) skills in law students. The theoretical framework is based on constructivist and social constructivist approaches. An empirical study was conducted using a pre-test/post-test control group design (n=42 in each group) to test the hypothesis that PBL positively impacts the development of CT. The formative experiment involved three types of projects: analysis of case law, drafting normative legal acts, and mock trials. Assessment was carried out using a complex of psychodiagnostic methods (L. Starkey, V.V. Ponomareva, A.V. Karpov, R. Bramson and A. Harrison). The results of the control stage showed a statistically significant improvement in CT indicators in the experimental group: the proportion of students with a high level of CT doubled (from ~21-24% to 50%), and a shift towards analytical and realistic thinking styles was recorded. No changes were observed in the control group. The results prove the effectiveness of project-based learning for the formation of key competencies of future lawyers.

the article examines the key aspects of the substantive examination of electronic educational resources (ESR) aimed at ensuring their quality, compliance with educational standards and age characteristics of students. The analysis of expert assessment methods, including internal, external, user and automated expertise, as well as organizational conditions for its implementation, is carried out. Special attention is paid to the risks that arise during the examination process (low qualifications of experts, subjectivity of assessments, non-compliance with the Federal State Budget), and ways to minimize them. Based on the research data (Vygotsky L.S., Elkonin D.B., Hattie J.), the importance of age-appropriate educational materials is substantiated. The article contains practical recommendations for improving expert procedures, including the development of checklists, the introduction of digital analysis tools and a cross-validation system. The research results can be used in the creation and testing of ESM in educational institutions.

this article explores the value and life-meaning orientations of university students amid modern sociocultural challenges. Theoretical perspectives on values and life purpose, as well as their formation during youth, are analyzed. The study focuses on the impact of education, digital culture, and family on students’ worldviews. An empirical study at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry revealed the dominance of humanistic and professionally oriented values. Correlations were found between students’ level of life meaningfulness and their preferred values. The paper offers practical recommendations for educational institutions aimed at supporting students’ personal and existential development, enhancing media literacy, and fostering stable life orientations.

this study is devoted to the development and experimental verification of the effectiveness of a training complex aimed at improving the skating technique of professional hockey players. The relevance of the work is due to the increasing demands of modern hockey on the technical skills of players, where the key indicators are speed, maneuverability and economy of movements. The study involved 20 highly qualified hockey players (aged 19-24 years), who were divided into a control and experimental group of 10 people each. The methodological basis of the study included: an 8-week pedagogical experiment, testing using standardized methods (30 m run, 5x54 m shuttle run, passing a small eight), visual expert assessment of skating technique on a 5-point scale, as well as a questionnaire for the coaching staff. The experimental group performed a specially developed set of exercises, including three main blocks: practicing sliding on the outer edges of the skate, improving transitions from the front to the back, and developing maneuverable skating. The results of the study showed a statistically significant advantage of the experimental method. The greatest progress was recorded in the shuttle run indicators (improvement by 1.49 sec versus 0.57 sec in the control group) and visual assessment of technique (improvement by 41.4% versus 12.5%). An increase in starting speed by 5% and an increase in the stability of performing technical elements by 7% were also noted. The data obtained confirm the need for targeted work on skating technique even at the stage of high sportsmanship. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of specific methodological recommendations for organizing the training process, including: mandatory inclusion of specialized exercises 3-4 times a week, the use of objective technique control tools (including video filming), as well as individualization of the load taking into account the playing role of hockey players. The results of the study can be used in the practice of training professional hockey players and in the educational process of sports universities.

the article is devoted to the study of the issues of project activities of future teachers. The author substantiates the relevance and significance of the research topic. It is noted that in connection with the implementation of one of the largest institutional reforms – the reform of vocational education – in the Russian Federation, in the medium term it will be necessary to update the entire educational and program "framework" in universities and change the qualification requirements for positions. As a consequence, quite naturally, not only the trajectory, but also, presumably, the entire strategy of organizing pedagogical activity will begin to change. It is emphasized that these factors should be considered when training future industry specialists today. The author has developed a universal and clarified the correlation scheme of three groups of skills of the teacher's project activities: professional ("hard"), flexible ("soft") and self-management skills ("self-skills"). It has been established that longtail subskills are the optical center of the entire ecosystem of teacher skills and can act as universal substitutes (compensators) in the event that one (or several) of the skills of project or other activities (professional or supra-professional) are insufficiently developed. It has been proven that the correlation of the group of "self-skills" with the groups of "hard" and "flexible" skills is stronger, while there is an indirect relationship between the latter. These dependencies should be considered in the training of future teachers, including in the processes of formation and development of competence in the field of organizing project activities.

the article reflects the results of a study of the possibilities of organizing sound analytical and synthetic activity in preschoolers using gamification tools. The purpose of the study presented in the article was to identify the methodological foundations for organizing language analytical and synthetic activity in preschoolers using gamification tools and to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The article reflects the main objectives of the study, which are aimed at revealing the content of sound analytical and synthetic activity in preschoolers, the essence of gamification, and its place in the organization of educational activities based on game activities. The article also identifies the methodological conditions for using gamification tools to activate sound analytical and synthetic activity in preschoolers, designs methodological tools for implementing these conditions, and tests the effectiveness of these tools. The content of sound analytical and synthetic activity is determined through its components: the ability to hear sounds, identify and analyze sounds in words, establish their order, and combine sounds into words. When considering gamification, the article provides a description of the concept itself, as well as the techniques and tools used in the educational process. The article also explores the integration of gamification tools into the sound work process, as well as the methodological conditions and tools that facilitate the implementation of specific gamification tools in the organization of sound analytical and synthetic activity for preschoolers. The article concludes that the selected conditions and developed methodological tools are effective in promoting sound analytical and synthetic activity in preschoolers.

this article focuses on the development of computer literacy among 5th and 6th grade students with autism spectrum disorders in an inclusive education environment. With the increasing integration of digital technologies into the educational process, the article highlights the specific challenges faced by children with autism, including their perception and communication difficulties. The study aims to identify effective teaching methods and formats, as well as provide pedagogical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the educational process. The experimental program was implemented at School No. 96 "Eureka-Razvitie" in Rostov-on-Don in the 2024-2025 academic year. The results of diagnostics and educational activities showed the need to adapt the educational material, use visual aids, and individualize approaches to learning, which contributed to the successful development of computer literacy among children with autism.

the review summarizes current approaches to managing the development of vestibulomotor qualities in youth volleyball. Stroboscopic (visuovestibular) training, digital monitoring of jump loads using inertial sensors (IMUs), dynamic balance screening (Y-Balance/SEBT), and injury-prevention warm-up programs are examined. Evidence suggests that combining systematic assessment (stabilometry, Y-Balance, IMUs), targeted interventions (stroboscopic drills, core stabilization, reactive balance), and high-adherence warm-ups reduces injuries and enhances technical performance. The paper advocates integrating these tools into micro- and mesocycle structures at early specialization stages.

the article presents the results of the development and testing of the author's methodological tools aimed at assessing the professional competitiveness of specialists. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing demands on staff adaptability and competitiveness in a dynamic labor market. The aim of the work was to operationalize the multidimensional construct "professional competitiveness" and validate the diagnostic questionnaire. The methodological basis was an integrated approach that integrates the concepts of self-efficacy, proactive behavior, and adaptive competence. The methodological tool includes three scales: "Confidence in solving problems" (6 points), "Proactive work behavior" (5 points) and "Adaptive professional competence" (9 points). The approbation was carried out on a sample of respondents (N=102) using mathematical statistics methods. The results demonstrate high reliability and consistency across all scales (? > 0.70 and ? > 0.80). To verify the constructive validity, a confirmatory factor analysis was applied, which confirmed the three-factor structure of the methodology. Subsequent cluster analysis revealed three typical competitiveness profiles: a group of low, high, and situational competitiveness. The conducted research indicates that there is a significant scientific potential of the methodology for further scientific research and testing on larger samples.

the article examines the computer technology for checking the results of pedagogical research in physical education and sports for deviations from the normal distribution, implemented in the SciLab (version 6.0.2) environment using the Shapiro-Wilk method. The program code for solving the statistical problem of assessing the deviation of the empirical distribution of experimental data from the normal distribution is given, implementing the recommended method in accordance with GOST R ISO 5479-2002. The peculiarity of the software development is the complete automation of the assessment of the calculation results without the manual use of statistical tables.

the article raises a pressing issue related to the organization of psychological training in team sports at the training stage. Using the example of a sports improvement group, it is clearly shown how psychological training of athletes affects the final result in team sports. The problems and directions of the psychological training system as one of the important components of modern development and improvement of athletes are considered. An analysis of scientific and methodological sources is carried out, which shows the scientific justification for the content of psychological training in sports activities, which is the foundation for the development and implementation of a program for the psychological training of athletes during the training stage of preparation. The main stages of psychological training are determined, which create a favorable emotional climate necessary for achieving team success in team sports. Psychological testing was carried out according to the method of N.B. Stambulova and T. Ehlers in order to determine the significance of self-assessment of volitional qualities of athletes and their personal motivation for success on the sports team result. A program for psychological preparation of athletes at the educational and training stage has been developed and implemented into practical activities, which has proven to be highly effective during competitions.

the article raises the urgent problem of development of youth sports in the Russian Federation with the purpose of strengthening health of children and teenagers, development and improvement of their physical qualities, involvement in active and healthy lifestyle, which has a positive effect on improving health of the nation. The analysis of individual modern challenges of development of youth sports, which are directly related to implementation of state policy and individual instructions of the President of the Russian Federation, is carried out. The factors, which should be paid special attention to when choosing a sport in childhood and adolescence, are considered. The characteristic differences of youth sports from adult sports are given, which should be paid attention to when organizing classes in physical education and sports, as well as during sports events in order to increase motivation of children to improve their physical qualities and involvement in sports activities. The positive changes, which occur in the body of children in the process of regular and systematic physical education and sports, are shown. The main problems are identified and ways to solve them are proposed for the development of children's and youth sports in the Russian Federation.

the article discusses the formation of a healthy lifestyle in order to preserve and improve the health of students during their studies at a medical university. This article focuses on the study of health and adherence to the principles of a healthy lifestyle among Russian and foreign students at a medical university. The article also highlights the importance of involving foreign students in physical education. The analysis of questionnaire data revealed the main factors affecting the health of students, as well as their attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle. The study evaluated the level of physical activity, dietary habits, and sleep patterns, as well as the students' awareness of the principles of a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention. The study showed that not all students perceive a healthy lifestyle as a necessary skill. The development of healthy lifestyle skills should be started at a young age for successful medical practice and monitoring of one's own health and the health of others. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were developed for the formation of a healthy lifestyle among medical students, taking into account the individual and cultural characteristics of the students. It is necessary to build the learning process on the orientation of health values and a healthy lifestyle for both Russian and foreign students at a medical university, as they not only affect their style, but also form professional attitudes and ethical standards that will be applied in future medical practice. Organizing joint sports events allows Russian and foreign students to come together and create a comfortable environment for the development of healthy lifestyle skills.

materials and methods: the work uses the materials of theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the problem of the bystander effect in team sports for the period 1968-2025. To systematize the data on the mechanisms of occurrence and methods of overcoming the bystander effect, the methods of comparative analysis of theoretical approaches, generalization of the results of empirical studies and structural-functional analysis of pedagogical and psychological interventions were used. The study is based on the analysis of scientific sources with an emphasis on the study of the diffusion of responsibility, social comparison and fear of evaluation as the main factors in the manifestation of passivity in sports teams. Results: it was found that the bystander effect in team sports is manifested through three main mechanisms: diffusion of responsibility (equal distribution of responsibilities between participants), social comparison (focus on the behavior of more experienced players) and fear of evaluation (anxiety about possible mistakes and negative reactions of the team). The effectiveness of a comprehensive approach to overcoming this phenomenon has been revealed, including four main areas: the formation of clear roles and areas of responsibility, systematic provision of feedback with video analysis of game episodes, psychological preparation with the development of emotional regulation skills, and strengthening team cohesion through targeted group activities. The key principles of practical implementation have been defined: the introduction of training with fixed roles, the creation of situations for the development of individual initiative, structured feedback and an integrative approach to psychological support for athletes. Conclusion: the conducted theoretical analysis has shown the multifactorial nature of the bystander effect in team sports, requiring complex pedagogical and psychological influence. The priority areas of practical application are identified: development of individualized programs for distributing role functions, improvement of feedback systems using modern video analysis technologies, implementation of specialized psychological trainings for developing confidence and initiative, and formation of a stable team identity through strengthening interpersonal relationships in the team. The results of the study can be used by coaches and sports psychologists to develop methodological programs aimed at increasing individual activity and team effectiveness in team sports.

this article reveals the critical importance of patriotic education in the context of contemporary sociocultural transformations in Russia, emphasizing the need for targeted work to develop the civic stance of the younger generation. Within the framework of a holistic pedagogical paradigm, patriotic education of primary school students is viewed as an interconnected and multi-layered component of the educational system. This structural element is integrated into the comprehensive methodology of the educational process, ensuring the continuity and succession of the development of civic values. The trajectory of patriotic development of an individual is a multi-layered process, closely linked to the individual's age-related evolution. Each age stage is determined by specific psychological and pedagogical patterns that define the potential for personal development. Primary school age is fundamentally important in this framework – a sensitive period for the formation of fundamental value orientations and worldview dominants. During this critical period, emotional and imaginative representations of the homeland are intensively accumulated, and the basic mechanisms of patriotic identification are established.

the purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in health indicators among university students during systematic physical exercise. The study utilized a pedagogical experiment, questionnaires, physical fitness testing, biomedical monitoring, and mathematical statistics. The author conducted the experiment with 120 students divided into experimental and control groups. The key results showed a statistically significant improvement in physical and mental health indicators in the experimental group compared to the control group. During the study, the author found a 42.32% increase in the level of healthy lifestyle commitment in the experimental group versus 15.8% in the control group. The findings of this study confirm the effectiveness of the physical exercise program developed by the author in developing health-promoting behavior in students.

the analysis of the competition provides a broader understanding of the performance of artistic gymnastics athletes at the 2025 World Cup in Baku. This article examines the significance of world-class gymnasts' performances. The results of these performances will help analyze the athletes' competitiveness. The article also presents the results of the 2025 World Cup artistic gymnastics competition in Baku.

the article describes the optimization of physical education for students based on the use of sports games, which help to develop not only physical qualities, but also psychological ones. The rational structure of physical education classes using sports games will improve the quality of the physical education process and affect the social adaptation of students in today's society, where there is a lack of communication between students due to various gadgets. The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of professional and applied physical training for university students by using effective exercises from team sports that help improve their physical and psychological fitness. The participating students in our study were divided into three groups after a survey was conducted with them, depending on the section they chose (volleyball, basketball, and general physical training). The testing data at the beginning of the year showed certain shortcomings in physical and psychological readiness, which needed to be addressed in the sections that the students had chosen. The general physical training section was held outdoors (provided the weather was favorable) and in the university's gymnasium. It primarily focused on exercises that developed basic physical qualities, with a strong emphasis on strength training. In the volleyball and basketball sections, in addition to exercises for the development of general and special physical qualities, specialized game exercises and psychophysical exercises were used. Repeated testing showed positive changes in the test results.