Vol 7, No 5 (2025)

this article is devoted to a comprehensive study of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a common and debilitating mental disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive actions (compulsions). The authors consider the features of coping strategies in people with OCD, study the topic of coping differences among respondents with obsessions and compulsions, and also consider key aspects of OCD, including its definition, symptoms, prevalence, and impact on patients' quality of life. The authors note the importance of studying the coping strategies that people with OCD use to deal with stress and emotional difficulties. Special attention is paid to the etiology of OCD, analyzing various biological, psychological and social factors that may contribute to the development of the disorder. Modern neurobiological models, genetic predispositions and the role of environmental factors are considered. The article also describes in detail the methods of OCD diagnosis, including clinical interviews, the use of standardized scales, and differential diagnosis with other psychiatric disorders. An important section is an overview of modern approaches to OCD treatment. Both pharmacological methods based on the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and psychotherapeutic methods, in particular, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and ritual prevention, are considered. The effectiveness of various treatment methods is evaluated and strategies for increasing patient adherence to therapy are discussed. A study conducted among people with OCD made it possible to assess the relationship between the types of OCD and the preferred coping strategies familiar to the respondents. In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of early diagnosis and an integrated approach to OCD treatment to improve the prognosis and improve the quality of life of patients. The prospects for further research in the field of OCD aimed at developing more effective and personalized treatment methods are also being considered. Thus, this experiment allows us to conclude that understanding these strategies can contribute to the development of more effective treatment methods and improve the quality of psychological care.

this article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at studying the assertiveness and socio-psychological adaptation of first-year students. The relevance of the research task is due to the identification of predictors that influence the prevention of maladaptation of higher education. It is revealed that assertiveness and sociability are personal qualities of an individual and do not depend on gender. The development of communication skills helps to reduce social anxiety. It is suggested that the development of assertiveness, in turn, is accompanied by an increase in the level of socio-psychological adaptation of first-year students.

objective: to develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of exercise complexes aimed at correcting the state of emotional burnout in athletic activity among highly qualified student swimmers. Methods: During the research, the following methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, psychological testing, pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained. Results: The conducted research has confirmed the effectiveness of using exercise complexes to correct the state of emotional burnout. Conclusions: An analysis of the literature shows that emotional burnout and stress are closely related and play an important role in modern sports. During the initial testing, half of the respondents showed low levels of emotional burnout, while the remaining half showed high levels. After analyzing the initial indicators, sets of exercises were developed and implemented during the preparatory, competitive and transitional periods. After their use, the athletes were retested to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercises. When analyzing the testing at the end of the experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed complexes for correcting the level of emotional burnout was confirmed.

predictive models of consciousness based on the principles of the Bayesian brain and predictive coding are one of the most influential theoretical frameworks in modern cognitive neuroscience. However, according to the author of this article, empirical testing of these models faces a number of fundamental methodological problems. Results. In this article, the author analyzes the main challenges, including the problems of operationalization of consciousness, measurement of predictive processes, establishment of causal relationships and interpretation of results. The limitations of existing experimental paradigms are considered and directions for the development of research methodology are proposed. Particular attention is paid to the need to integrate different levels of analysis and develop new experimental approaches for adequate testing of predictive theories of consciousness. Conclusion. In the course of the study, the author of this article found that the empirical testing of predictive models of consciousness faces fundamental methodological problems that require innovative solutions. Success in this area depends on the integration of different levels of analysis, the development of new experimental paradigms, and the deepening of theoretical understanding of the nature of consciousness. Of particular importance is the development of methods that can adequately reflect the complexity and multidimensionality of conscious processes, while maintaining scientific rigor and reproducibility of results.

this article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of time perception in human consciousness as a complex, multilayered and interdisciplinary process. The relevance of the topic is conditioned not only by theoretical interest, but also by high practical significance, because in the conditions of accelerated rhythm of life, information overload and social transformations subjective sense of time increasingly often does not coincide with the objective running of the clock. All the above aspects lead to a sense of chronic hurry, stress and reduced quality of life, as well as have an impact on the psycho-emotional state of the individual. The aim of the paper is to identify the factors influencing the subjective assessment of time, as well as to analyze the peculiarities of time perception based on philosophical, psychological and neurophysiological concepts. The article uses comparative-historical, interdisciplinary and analytical methods to trace the evolution of ideas about time from ancient cultures to modern scientific theories. Special attention is paid to the influence of cognitive processes, sensory systems and cultural factors on the formation of subjective perception of time intervals. The experimental data described in this article demonstrate that subjective time duration is not determined by its actual duration, but by information saturation and the number of mental images. The findings emphasize that time perception is not only a neuropsychological function, but also the result of cultural, historical and personal interpretation of reality. Understanding of the phenomenon under consideration opens new perspectives for the development of practical recommendations on time management, stress prevention and improvement of the quality of life in today's unstable sociocultural environment.

the paper examines the influence of the multilingual educational space on the personality development of a technical university student. The relevance of the topic is beyond doubt, since in the process of developing the modern Russian higher education space, many educational institutions are facing new challenges: university students and teachers form much more diverse groups, which has never been the case before, using a wide range of languages and representing a wide range of cultural traditions in what can be called polylingual or multilingual educational space. And in it, as in any other educational environment, certain learning conditions must be created so that students can achieve their intended results in the courses taught. It is shown that in addition to the language of instruction, regardless of whether it is the native language of the student or the teacher, it is necessary to take into account the importance of individual multilingualism so that students can navigate and communicate in the linguistic diversity of our multilingual global society. The study focuses on the fact that students of higher education institutions, and in particular technical universities, have characteristics that change as they study and advance at the university. The disclosure of emotions, feelings, independence and achievements is part of the university student's transition to self-exploration in establishing identity and developing their characteristics. Studying the theories of student development helps to understand why they sometimes exhibit certain characteristics, thereby illustrating the stages of their development.

the article examines the features of the manifestation of empathy among students of pedagogical training profiles who are engaged in volunteer activities and who are not. Much attention is paid to the study of empathy as one of the most important personality traits of future teachers, contributing to the formation of their professional competence through involvement in systematic volunteer activities. An attempt was made to compare the manifestations of empathy between student volunteers and students who do not participate in volunteer activities. It is noted that empathy as a personality quality is important in the implementation of both volunteer and teaching activities. It has been established that volunteering in the higher education system plays an important role in organizing and preparing for professional teaching, which contributes to the formation of important personal qualities for teachers, one of which is empathy.

this article examines the relationship between superstitions, belief in the supernatural, and individuals’ economic behavior. It explores the psychological mechanisms through which irrational beliefs affect economic decision-making, risk evaluation, and investment behavior. The analysis includes modern empirical studies that demonstrate how cultural and individual factors determine the extent to which superstitions influence economic choices. The findings indicate that superstitions can significantly alter economic behavior, often leading to suboptimal decisions from the standpoint of traditional economic rationality, but also sometimes serving adaptive functions under conditions of uncertainty. The article proposes new directions for research at the intersection of economic psychology and the study of irrational beliefs.

the psychology of cognitive processes currently helps not only to develop the economy, marketing, and manage the desires and intentions of consumers using the "right" advertising. It is able to regulate the operation of social networks and manage content. Knowledge of the psychology of cognitive processes shows how an individual receives and processes information, how personal qualities influence decision-making, and to what extent information received unconsciously can pass into the subconscious and then be fixed in specific units at the level of consciousness. There are a number of studies showing that correct intuitive decisions are made due to the established connection between unconscious verbal or visual signals and the formed structures of the limbic system of the brain. In this article and the experiment conducted, the possibility of the influence of unconscious perceptual information processing on the reliability of further fixation of the received data without their output to the conscious level will be considered. In the future, we will look at how unconscious perceptual information processing affects the subject's search and decision-making in the process of solving lateral tasks. Also in this article, we will show that the unconscious is associated with the selectivity of perception through the process of filtering information and, as part of the experiment, "perceptual blindness" can be a conscious preset.

the article discusses current issues of the implementation of modern industry-specific practical training of young industry specialists for professional work with mentoring technologies, which will contribute to industry-specific practical training in solving industry tasks reflecting the specifics of professional duties at industry facilities with a trans-Russian distribution with a wide range of activities, largely classified. The importance of organizing the Rosreserv mentoring institute is emphasized as a key factor in optimizing the training of young professionals to adapt them to new working conditions and maintain a high level of corporate culture and safety. The role of a mentor in the practical training of young specialists, the specifics of his work, professional and personal characteristics are considered.

the article discusses the difficulties in fostering family values among teenagers. It notes that adolescence is a challenging period when teenagers are prone to emotional turmoil due to hormonal, psychological, and social issues. In addition, this period is characterized by emotional, value-based, and conflict-based (attitudinal) separation of adolescents from their parents, and less often by functional separation. The results of the system of upbringing of family values in adolescents did not reach the expected maximum, which is explained by the exacerbation of adolescent negativism. Therefore, the positive dynamics of our research results are perceived by us as a criterion for achieving a positive outcome.

the article substantiates the features of the training process construction for young snowboarders aged 8-11 years, considering sensitive periods of physical qualities development at the initial stage of preparation. It has been established that this age range is characterized by sensitive periods for the development of coordination abilities, flexibility, and speed qualities. Methodological approaches to the differentiated development of physical qualities depending on prospective specialization in specific competitive snowboard disciplines are presented. The optimal ratios of general and special physical training means at different stages of initial preparation are determined: 80:20 in the first year of training, 70:30 in the second and third years. Organizational and methodological features of developing coordination abilities, flexibility, speed and speed-strength qualities are substantiated, taking into account age-related patterns of motor function development. Special attention is paid to methods and means of physical training during the snow-free period, ensuring the formation and maintenance of the necessary level of special preparedness. The criteria for the effectiveness of the training process construction are identified: positive dynamics of physical fitness indicators, successful mastering of technical elements, maintaining a high level of motivation, absence of fatigue, and minimal injury rate. Practical recommendations are provided for individualizing training effects based on regular monitoring of physical development and physical fitness of young snowboarders.

the article presents the results of a six-month experiment on the development of speed qualities in young football players 10-12 years old through specialised exercises with adjustable barriers. Methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis and generalization were used to solve research problems. Mathematical statistics methods were also used. The study revealed a statistically significant improvement in speed performance in 22 participants. The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique for correcting the biomechanics of running at the initial training stage.

in the work, the author considers the conditions for the professional training of law enforcement officers. The purpose of the research is to identify pedagogical technologies in the context of digitalization of society and the state, to identify current learning trends, and their role in improving the level of professional training of students. The subject of the research is to increase the level of professional training. The paper analyzes data on the direction of students' cognitive activity towards fulfilling assigned tasks, professional cases, taking into account the use of new technologies of teaching and upbringing, and defines tasks to improve the level of the learning process in the context of digitalization of education. The interaction of the elements of the subject of education is noted: moral education, digital literacy, cognitive activity, competence and their impact on the implementation of operational and official activities. The author examines the aspects of moral education of students, the level of personal orientation and competence, the essence of the influence of information technology on the formation and development of young law enforcement officers. The conceptual foundations of the training of trainees in professional training programs with the introduction of elements of digitalization are revealed. Conclusions have been drawn about the impact of digitalization of education on the level of students' training. Provisions on the real possibilities of using modern teaching methods have been worked out.

in the context of maintaining the strategy of progressive education at the state level, the education system for representatives of national minorities in the Russian Far Eastern Federal District faces a number of institutional and structural challenges. Based on an interdisciplinary context that combines elements of the sociology of education, ethnopolitical analysis and management theory, the article provides a comprehensive study of historical transformations, financial instruments and current problems of the development of ethnic education in these countries. The focus is on the analysis of persistent barriers, boundaries with language policy, the organization of scientific courses, resource provision and training of teaching staff. It is concluded that the renewal of the ethnic education system affects not only issues of equal access and the preservation of cultural identity, but is also of crucial importance for issues of border administration and interethnic policy. In the context of the development of legislative frameworks and institutional design, modern educational models are used that combine the values of unity and diversity, efficiency and social justice.

the article raises topical issues related to the development of business in Russia in the field of active recreation and sports and health tourism. This area of the tourism business has recently gained great popularity among a large number of the population of our country, from young people to people of fairly old age. Active recreation and sports and health tourism have entered our social society as one of the means of fashionable pastime of the population in their free time. That is why the tourism industry has currently received great development in our country, which in turn gave rise to and birth of such a new economic sector as the tourism business. An analysis of scientific and methodological sources is carried out in matters related to the development of practical cases in the field of tourism business development in the field of active recreation and sports and health tourism. The problems associated with the development of tourism business in modern social society are studied. Various forms of sports and health tourism aimed at conducting active recreation for the population of different age groups are considered, as well as its specificity in the organization and planning of various sports and health programs. The necessary resources for the effective functioning of sports and health programs are defined. The classification of the main business areas in the tourism industry is considered in order to improve the organization and productive sale of tourism services among the population.

materials and methods: the work uses materials from the theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the problems of sports psychology, physical education pedagogy and small group theory. To systematize theoretical approaches to the analysis of the structure of a sports team, the methods of comparative analysis, generalization of scientific data, structural and functional modeling and classification were used. The research is based on the concepts of sociometric, functional-role, systemic-structural and cultural-value approaches to the study of team structure. Results. It is shown that existing approaches to the analysis of the structure of a sports team are fragmentary and require integration for a comprehensive understanding of team functioning. An integrated model of a sports team structure has been developed, including four interconnected components: organizational-functional, socio-psychological, value-cultural, and activity-targeted. The functions of a sports team have been systematized into three groups: general (instrumental, expressive, socializing, referential, regulatory), specific (competitive, training, strategic, adaptive, mobilizing), and pedagogical (educational, developmental, educational, formative). It has been established that the efficiency of performing team functions is determined by the degree of development and consistency of all structural components. The efficiency indicators have been identified for each component: clarity of role distribution and management efficiency for the organizational-functional component; level of cohesion and quality of relationships for the socio-psychological component; unity of values and stability of traditions for the value-cultural component. clarity of goals, motivational strength and effectiveness for the activity-target component. Conclusion. The proposed integrative model of structural and functional analysis of a sports team allows us to overcome the limitations of existing approaches and provide a comprehensive understanding of team functioning as a socio-pedagogical system. The model takes into account the multi-level nature of the team structure and the diversity of functions performed, which corresponds to modern trends in the study of small groups. The allocation of pedagogical functions reflects the specifics of the educational environment and emphasizes the educational potential of sports activities. The results of the study can be used to diagnose the state of sports teams, plan activities for their development and assess the effectiveness of teamwork in educational organizations.

the article examines the challenges and opportunities of using digital technologies to assess learning outcomes in Russian online education between 2019 and 2025. Drawing on EdTech market statistics, regulatory documents, and domestic and international empirical studies, it shows how digital assessment has evolved from an auxiliary tool into a self-contained ecosystem that includes algorithm-based grading, big-data dashboards, and hybrid proctoring models. Four interrelated challenges are identified – construct validity of tests, academic integrity, the digital divide, and a shortage of pedagogical data-literacy skills – and linked to the quality of instructional design and the regulatory framework.

materials and methods: the paper uses materials of the pilot study devoted to the issues of teaching reading linguistic and cultural texts to students of marine specialties at the initial stage. This study was being conducted in Murmansk Arctic University in March- May in 2025. This research is aimed at proving the necessity of using linguistic and cultural texts when teaching students of marine specialties reading at the initial stage. The tasks of this study are to define the requirements for the linguistic and cultural texts for future navigators and marine engineers and to make a set of activities for teaching reading these texts. Scientific publications and books on language teaching are reviewed and the following research methods are described in detail: discussion, pilot teaching and questionnaire survey. The necessity of the study is caused by the intention to increase marine specialties students' motivation for learning English, to extend their knowledge of Russian and English history and to foster patriotism. Results. The results of this study showed that the students of the experimental group had learnt more vocabulary. The data received in this study reveal the necessity of the use of linguistic and cultural texts when teaching students of marine specialties reading at the initial stage. Study materials may be used in other maritime higher educational establishments. Conclusion. It is concluded that the use of linguistic and cultural texts when teaching students of marine specialties reading allows to extend students to extend their vocabulary, to develop their interest for learning English and to help them to become more independent, active and creative.

the paper considers the development and application of a set of exercises using the means and methods of technical training to develop flexibility in climbers at the stage of improving sports skills. The main methods of work were: a survey in the form of a questionnaire and sports and pedagogical testing. As a result of the work, the effectiveness of the recommended set of exercises aimed at developing the flexibility of climbers at the stage of sports improvement has been proven. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the developed set of exercises aimed at developing flexibility in rock climbers at the stage of improving sports skills. Research objectives: 1. To investigate the peculiarities of the development of flexibility among climbers in the group of the stage of improvement of sports skills; 2. To develop a set of exercises aimed at increasing mobility in the hip joint and wrist joints in the group of sports skills improvement stage; 3. To check and evaluate the effectiveness of the developed set of exercises that increase the mobility of the hip and wrist joints in the group of the stage of improvement of sports skills.

materials and methods: the work uses the materials of statistical analysis of the game activity of the Pomor team in the Russian Floorball Championship among men's teams of the top league (2022-23 season). To systematize the data on shooting readiness, the methods of comparative analysis of game indicators, statistical data processing and structural and functional modeling of attacking actions were used. The study is based on the analysis of 12 matches with recording the performance indicators of shots on the opponent's goal depending on the ball delay time after receiving a pass. Results. It was found that the total number of attacking actions of the team during the analyzed period was 609, of which one-touch shots were performed in 37.3% of cases (227 actions), and shots with preliminary ball handling - in 62.7% of cases (382 actions). Significant variations in the indicators depending on the strength of the opponent were revealed: the maximum number of quick throws (31) was recorded against the Vetluga team, the minimum (7) - against Mininsky. The average indicators per game were determined: 18.92 one-touch throws and 31.83 delayed throws. It was found that the predominance of throws with preliminary ball handling is associated with the desire to increase accuracy, but this reduces the efficiency of attacking actions and provides the opponent with additional time to organize defense. Conclusion. The conducted analysis showed the need to optimize the structure of the Pomor team's attacking actions by increasing the share of quick shots to improve the unpredictability and effectiveness of attacks. Priority areas for improvement were identified: improving the technical training of players to perform accurate one-touch throws, developing tactical schemes for quick ball play, strengthening interactions between lines and developing coordination skills in high-tempo games. The results of the study can be used by coaches to adjust the training process, plan tactical schemes and evaluate the effectiveness of attacking activities of teams in floorball.

the training of special forces personnel of law enforcement agencies is a highly specialized and complex process aimed at preparing for work in extreme conditions, which distinguishes them from the specifics of the activities of other law enforcement agencies. A lot depends on the effectiveness of the activities of special forces specialists, from the security of the state to the security of an individual, which makes this study relevant. The research focuses on an interdisciplinary process that combines physical fitness, tactical skills, and strategic thinking to maintain public safety in the most dangerous situations. The following tasks were solved in the course of the study: * analysis of the specifics of the activities of special forces specialists; * analysis of the requirements for the training of special forces specialists; * determining the means of training the most effective at this stage of technology development. The presented study provides a structured overview of the main components and methods of training special forces specialists from law enforcement agencies. The results obtained during the research can be used in organizing the training of specialists in special units.

the relevance of the research lies in the theoretical analysis of the main approaches to the problem of creating a safe educational environment at the university. The modern world is rapidly changing under the influence of globalization and digitalization, having a direct impact on the Russian education system, which is currently undergoing a structural transformation. The educational environment of the university has ceased to be safe and requires special theoretical and methodological analysis, research on the formation of a conceptual model of this process. The purpose is to analyze the theoretical approaches to the safety of the educational environment of a modern university. Research methodology and metrics. The article analyzes a wide range of scientific literature on this issue and, based on the analysis, reveals psychological, pedagogical, legal and sociological approaches to the problem of higher education security. To achieve the research goal, general scientific methods were used in the work: abstraction, ascent from the concrete to the abstract, systematic and analytical methods. Results: As a result, the main factors and tools for creating a safe university environment were identified, the need for a systematic organization of this process and the need for a long-term study of this scientific problem were identified. Conclusion. The creation of a comprehensive security model for the university's educational environment will expand the understanding of the systemic processes taking place in education under the influence of globalization and digitalization and increase the protection of the system and subjects of education.