Modern scientist

the article studies and analyzes the phenomenon of Code-Switching as one of the methods of working with the translation of rare languages. Taking into account the development of digital technologies, in particular, the widespread use of modern technologies, the possibilities of the methodology in the process of translation of different language material are analyzed. The role of influence of the Turkish on Abazi language from the point of view of cultural, mental and lexical features of both languages is substantiated. The theoretical review of the article describes the scientific approaches of the authors to memorializing the essence and peculiarities of translation of the Turkic and Caucasian languages. In the work the research is carried out on the example of borrowings in the Abazа language from Turkish in the names of clothing elements. The scientific novelty of the article is that the knowledge concerning the historically significant cultural heritage, as well as the mental features of peoples through the prism of perception of the phenomenon is updated and clarified. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about the specifics of interaction of texts with sound, pronunciation, use of everyday vocabulary on a ubiquitous basis. The comparison of such a phenomenon with the traditional understanding of usage also allows us to conclude about further prospects for the development of this technique with the combination of classical methods. The results of the study suggest that the phenomenon of polylingualism is widespread among both Abazа and Turkic speakers, within the same conversation, with a common characteristic feature of linguistic behavior.

in this article, the author analyzes the problems of the functioning of professional ethics of journalists in the context of transformations associated with the advent of the digital age. The problems of Chinese journalism in connection with the fundamental transformations that have occurred due to the advent of the information era are highlighted. The main attention in the article is paid to the problem of the relationship between traditional ethical norms and ethical relativism, spreading in the media environment of China in connection with the growing commercialization of the media. The ambivalent nature of the influence of Confucian ethics on modern Chinese culture is emphasized, along with the generally recognized positive aspect of the formation of the principles of social morality, which manifests itself in the journalistic environment. In this context, the concept of social morality is defined, its main universal characteristics are identified, and the features of the traditional Chinese interpretation of the social moral ideal are revealed. Despite the continuing influence of collectivist values of service to the good of society, mercantilism associated with the commercialization of Chinese media is widespread in the Chinese media environment, along with the possibilities of mass income through the digital environment and its increase through deviations from the high moral ideal of the professional ethics of a journalist. The article shows that at the same time there is no simple equation between commercialization or technological changes and the weakening of journalistic ethics. Existing domestic and foreign studies show that professional ethics in China is far from unified and coordinated. In conclusion, it is concluded that in the context of the onset of a digital - a fundamentally new era in the history of world and Chinese journalism, it is necessary to seek a fundamentally new balance between ethical traditional absolutism and the ethical relativism popular today.

the article is devoted to a comparative description of the evolution of the case system of the Kumandin language over roughly eighty years and fills the gap in systematic studies of this idiom. The aim is to clarify the inventory of cases, their morphological formatives, and their functional?semantic domains in comparison with classical and contemporary descriptions. The relevance lies in the need for a unified paradigm for further documentation and preservation of the language, as well as for typological generalizations within South Siberian Turkology. The novelty consists in a consolidated analysis of affixation and the grammaticalization of postpositions. The research question concerns the dynamics of the inventory and distribution of functions. Indicators of stability and the directions of systemic shifts are tested. The material derives from published grammatical descriptions and a corpus of examples representing simple, possessive, and pronominal declensions. The methodology includes paradigmatic alignment, inventorying of affixes with regard to phonologically conditioned allomorphy, comparison of functions in constructions of subject, object, and adverbial roles, as well as mapping of spatial and non?physical meanings. Criteria of grammaticalization of postpositions are applied on the basis of stress, derivational productivity, and loss of lexical autonomy. The analysis relies on systematic comparison of forms and meanings with control of diachronic changes. Descriptive and elementary quantitative procedures are employed for verification. The results show the stability of six basic cases in the classical description alongside the establishment of a seven?member paradigm in modern grammar, due to the inclusion of the comitative?instrumental format. The status of the possessive?genitive is specified, with regular distribution of allomorphs according to phonological context. The directional?dative demonstrates an expanded set of markers, the locative covers temporal interpretation, and the ablative preserves the polysemy of origin and source. A shift of postpositions such as la/le, byla/bile toward affixal behavior is noted. In the pronominal paradigm, analogical leveling and convergence with nominal declension are observed, while idiosyncratic forms are retained.

this study is fundamentally positioned as an act of methodological transcendence. Its goal is not to catalog the various translated versions of the "The Classic of Tea," but rather to analyze its semiotic biography in Russia-that is, the process of its transformation from a foreign text into an element of the cultural landscape. The novelty of the work is claimed to have a three-tiered structure. At the first level, it abandons a linear historical narrative in favor of a multidimensional model that describes how historical transmissions condition contemporary interpretative strategies. At the second level, the focus shifts to the operation of "cultural reconstruction"-a set of translation techniques designed to provoke semantic adaptation (for example, the radical recoding of the concept of "tea ceremony"). At the third, macro-level, the text is examined as a commodity (the logic of the publishing market), as an event (festivals, exhibitions), and finally, as a factor in the collective imagination. This perspective allows the dissemination of the "Classic" to be interpreted not as a passive penetration, but as an active, dialogic process directly relevant to the technologies of cultural influence and diplomacy.

the aim of this study is to identify the peculiarities of Turkish youth slang and to analyze the ways of its adaptation for Russian-speaking audiences, using the modern Turkish TV series A?k 101 as material. The article explores the linguistic and cultural aspects of slang functioning within film discourse as a reflection of contemporary youth speech practices. Particular attention is paid to the main mechanisms of slang word formation – morphological, semantic, phonological, and reduplicative – and to the specific features of their translation into Russian. The research objectives include determining equivalent translation strategies for slang expressions, analyzing the preservation of expressiveness and cultural connotations, and identifying the challenges of interlingual interpretation of informal speech elements. The practical significance of the study lies in the applicability of its findings in teaching Turkish as a foreign language, in translation studies, and in courses on linguoculturology, sociolinguistics, and audiovisual translation. The materials of this article may be useful for teachers, translators, and researchers interested in the peculiarities of youth language and intercultural communication within film discourse.

the article examines thanatological motifs in V.V. Veresaev's biographical novel "Notes of a Doctor", as well as describes their functions in the work. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the first chapters of the story, where the category of death is mentioned in the context of the medical student's education, the formation of his professional identity and the understanding of medical ethics. It is shown that thanatological motifs perform not only plot-forming, but also epistemological, ethical, anthropological and conceptual functions, forming a system of artistic and philosophical coordinates of the text. The article uses motivic and narratological analysis, as well as reliance on the philosophical and cultural tradition of studying the category of death.

the article discusses issues related to the structure and composition of composite words in the German language. The description of complex German words requires a comprehensive analysis. Composite words occupy one of the prominent places in the vocabulary of this language. There are many nouns, adjectives and verbs in the composition of complex words. The vocabulary of this language is supplemented by a significant number of complex words belonging to these parts of speech. Definitional, compositional, and complex syntactic formations are noted between the components of complex substantives. The semantic and syntactic feature of determinative complex substantives is the subordination of the first component to the second. Composite nouns of the compositional type are formed from equal parts. This type and type of complex syntactic composites are less common. Complex adjectives are formed in the language under consideration using approximately the same method as complex nouns. Compound verbs in this language are shifts of the determinative type, the first component of which narrows the meaning of the second component.

the article examines the rhetorical strategies of metaphor use in the pre-election discourse of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of programmatic documents, speeches, and campaign materials, the study identifies key metaphorical models reflecting the ideological concept of social justice: struggle as war, the people as an organism, the economy as a house, and Russia as a living being. It is established that metaphor in communist discourse performs cognitive, argumentative, and mobilizing functions, ensuring the formation of collective identity and ideological continuity. The research confirms that metaphor serves not only as an expressive device but also as a tool for conceptualizing political reality, strengthening the party’s communicative influence on the electorate.

the article is devoted to the analysis of the functioning of parallel grammatical forms in a business text, grammatical and semantic correctness and expediency of choosing certain options among others. The long-term practice of editing the texts of internal documents led the author to the need to compare the grammatical variants functioning in them with those systemic patterns in the occurrence and implementation of grammatical variation, which are noted in dictionaries and grammars. The numerical forms of abstract nouns and specific forms of two-type verbs became the subject of the analysis. The purpose of the study is to analyze the consistency in language and the functioning of grammatical variability in speech, correlation by number in the group of nouns of abstract semantics and correlation by type of two–species verbs. Materials and methods. The work uses a set of research methods, the leading of which is the system-functional method, which involves the projection of the system properties of a language unit on their implementation in speech. Grammatical variation is considered from the point of view of the conditionality of the grammatical features of the analyzed vocabulary by its lexical semantics, context conditions and individual stylistic properties of the analyzed material, which are numerical forms of abstract nouns and specific forms of bispecific verbs highlighted in business texts. Results. The semantic, grammatical and contextual patterns of the systematic and incorrect functioning of grammatical variants have been identified, which consist, in the author's opinion, in the competition of two vectors of native speakers' linguistic competence: grammatical thinking, which determines model formation even in atypical cases, and speech inertia opposed to it, which ignores the consistency of inflection in favor of incorrect use. The theoretical and practical significance of the research lies both in deepening scientific understanding of the phenomenon of grammatical variation and the specifics of its implementation in speech, grammar of nouns and verbs, and in accumulating material to clarify grammatical norms and develop recommendations for the compilation and editing of business texts.

in this article, we will consider how the concept of "shamanism" is presented in the linguistic picture of the world of the Yukaghirs living in the Nizhnekolymskaya tundra of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In the language of the tundra Yukaghirs, the word "shaman" has a number of figurative features that are expressed through metaphors and metonymic transfers. These features can also be found in the genres of prohibitions and amulets that exist in the linguistic picture of the world of this people. To analyze the concept, we used the methods of linguacultural studies, the descriptive method, interviewing and the method of continuous sampling. As a result, we came to the conclusion that the concept of "shaman" is one of the key concepts in the Yukaghir culture.

the events of recent years related to Ukraine's open military aggression against the residents of Donbass, which took place between 2014 and 2024, created a unique linguistic situation that reflected a creative rethinking of linguistic realities, as a result of which new word forms appear and the meanings of existing words change. The novelty of the work consists in fixing speech neoplasms, explaining their meanings, and compiling an explanatory dictionary of thematic neologisms (160 lexical units) that appeared in the Russian language in the Donetsk region over the 10 years from 2014 to 2024. and related to the military-political situation. All the collected words are missing from the Russian language tradition, but they are often used in a certain territory at a specific time period. The identified lexical units will either gain a foothold in the language or disappear altogether. It is possible to further study and systematize them, which will have a positive impact on the study of the linguistic picture on a historical scale. The material in this study may be useful to linguists, journalists, writers, and anyone interested in the history of language development.

the paper considers the thematic classes of English and Russian languages. A comparative research method is used for this purpose. It is noted that the vocabulary of any language consists of many internal connections based on the similarity or commonality of functions of processes or objects. Phraseological units form thematic classes. The components of these thematic classes are part of many phraseological units of the studied languages. The FE of both languages differ in approximately the same fullness. Among the studied thematic groups included in the phraseological units of both languages, there are many similar phrases. A number of components included in some thematic classes are missing in English or Russian. These differences show the place, time, and conditions of origin of phraseological units among native speakers of each of these languages. Differences are also found in the descriptions of native speakers of these languages. When describing a person, the British note such negative traits as tediousness and greed, while Russians note sloppiness and drunkenness. The differences are due to national specifics, as well as climatic and economic conditions.

this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of spatial images in the works of Nikolai Gogol, focusing on the binary opposition between the “old dream” of the Ukrainian village and the “nightmare” of the city (St. Petersburg and provincial towns) as key vehicles of social criticism. The goal of the work is to reveal how Gogol's poetics of space serve as a tool for diagnosing the social pathologies of 19th-century Russia: serfdom, the bureaucratic system, and the split in national identity in the era of modernization. The methodological basis is a synthesis of spatial analysis, the structural-semiotic method, and the sociocultural approach based on the writer's key texts (Dead Souls, The Overcoat, The Inspector General, Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, etc.). The results of the study demonstrate that Gogol created a complex system of spatial metaphors, stratification, and climatic images, which not only had lasting literary significance, anticipating the development of the “Petersburg text” and magical realism, but also remains relevant today. The conclusions of this work can be applied in contemporary literary studies, cultural studies, and social philosophy to analyze phenomena such as digital bureaucracy, the crisis of identity in a globalizing world, and new forms of social alienation in an urban environment.

purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of radio broadcasting using the example of foreign and domestic experience. Among the research objectives were highlighted: systematization of key technological practices in the field of AI for radio, identification of models for integrating AI into broadcasting, as well as assessment of the impact of automation on the economy of media and content production in general. The following research methods were used: case analysis of radio stations using AI («Absolut Radio AI», «CADA», and «Neuro Flow»), as well as comparative analysis of platforms («RadioGPT», «Mubert», and «ElevenLabs») that provide the capabilities of robotic technologies for creating radio stations and individual her blocks. The key results of this study are the identification of two main models of AI implementation (full and hybrid), the installation of the most popular functions of robotic technologies on radio, and the confirmation of the hypothesis that artificial intelligence technologies can reduce operating costs, but cannot replace creative human functions. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying the identified models of AI integration by Russian radio stations, taking into account organizational and ethical constraints. The research results may be useful to students and scientists in related fields, as well as researchers in the field of radio broadcasting and artificial intelligence.

the article is devoted to the introduction of blended learning in Russian pedagogical universities, combining traditional and digital methods. Based on the analysis of the works of Russian authors and the experience of universities (TSPU, RUDN University, Moscow State University), the key success factors are identified: technological base (Moodle, Microsoft Teams), teacher training, student motivation, and integration of traditions with innovation. Blended learning increases the flexibility, accessibility, and quality of education, preparing future educators to work in a digital transformation environment.

the relevance of the study is due to the increased requirements for the preparation of students of pedagogical specialties to work in children's health camps, where the counselor performs not only organizational and leisure, but also significant educational functions. Modern educational programs often do not take into account the specifics of such activities, which reduces the level of readiness of students. This is especially evident in the conditions of the Republic of Crimea, where it is necessary to take into account cross-cultural and regional peculiarities. The purpose of the study was to analyze the level of students' willingness to work as counselors and to offer recommendations for improving their professional competencies. Materials and methods. The study used regulatory documents, professional standards, methodological recommendations on the organization of camps, as well as scientific publications on preparing students for leadership activities. The methods of documentary and content analysis, systematization of statistical data and comparison of the requirements of the professional standard with the conditions of students' training were applied. Results and discussions. It is established that students have basic knowledge in the field of pedagogy, psychology, leisure activities and child safety, but their practical readiness develops unevenly. Special difficulties arise when managing a children's team, working with children with disabilities and in conditions of intercultural interaction. In the Republic of Crimea, the specifics of the camps require additional competencies related to the climatic and ethnocultural characteristics of the region. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the need for systematic pre-practical training of students. The author suggests the introduction of the "Counselor School" module, the use of diagnostic admission cards, the development of mentoring and partnerships with camps. These measures will increase the level of readiness of students, reduce the risk of professional burnout and ensure a high-quality organization of the educational process in the camps.

the development of imagination in students with intellectual disabilities is one of the key tasks of correctional education, since this process occupies a central place in the structure of cognitive activity. However, in the practice of special schools, purposeful work on its correction, especially in high school, often remains unsystematic. During the ascertaining experiment conducted in the 2024/2025 academic year on the basis of Kerch Special Boarding School (n=51), the author’s diagnostic technique was applied. The methodology included three series of tasks aimed at assessing reproductive imagination based on geographical material: 1) creating an image based on the listened text; 2) creating an image based on text and illustrations; 3) creating an image based on decoding the terrain plan. The analysis of the results was carried out according to adapted criteria with the allocation of four quality levels (low, medium, sufficient, high). The results of the ascertaining stage revealed a critically low level of development of reproductive imagination. The vast majority of students showed low (40%) and medium (48.6%) levels. The works were characterized by fragmentation, stereotyping, emotional poverty of images, inability to synthesize elements into a complete picture. There is no positive trend from 6th to 9th grade. The most difficult tasks were those requiring work with abstract symbolic information (terrain plan). None of the subjects achieved a high level of performance. It is established that the existing educational process in a special school does not provide the necessary conditions for the correction of imagination. The results confirm the need for targeted, systematic remedial work integrated into the content of academic subjects, in particular geography, which has significant potential to solve this problem. The developed diagnostic technique makes it possible to identify specific difficulties and serves as the basis for designing a correctional program.

the article is devoted to an urgent educational problem related to the need to improve social studies education in the context of solving the problem of low financial literacy, in particular, the social and pension literacy of Russian youth. The article analyzes the level of awareness of young people about social protection and pension provision. The article presents the results of a sociological survey on the need to improve social studies education in the context of reforming secondary education in secondary educational institutions in the new regions of the Russian Federation.

the article presents the results of a pedagogical experiment aimed at studying the influence of sports club activities on the development of adolescents’ independence. The study involved 60 students, divided into control and experimental groups. The Independence Diagnostic Method (Kovalchuk, 2018) was applied to assess the outcomes. Statistical analysis using Student's t-test revealed significant differences in the dynamics of initiative, responsibility, and self-control between the groups (p < 0.01). The findings suggest that specially organized pedagogical conditions contribute to the intensification of personal development processes in adolescents. In addition, the article provides a comparative analysis of Russian and international studies and practical recommendations for educators and coaches on integrating these results into educational practice.

the article is devoted to the urgent problem of designing a systematic process for the development of teachers' professional creative activity in the context of the challenges of the modern digital era. Information diversity, on the one hand, opens up unprecedented opportunities for pedagogical innovations, and on the other hand, creates risks of information overload and formal use of technologies. The purpose of the study is to develop and theoretically substantiate a model for the process of developing teachers' professional creative activity, adapted to the conditions of information diversity. Research methods include theoretical analysis of scientific literature on pedagogical design, the psychology of creativity, and the digitalization of education, as well as methods of synthesis, generalization, and modeling. The results of the study consist in proposing a three-stage process model, including diagnostic-motivational, project-activity, and reflective-corrective stages. The model systematically links the development of a teacher's digital competencies with their motivation for creativity, practical activities in creating innovative educational products, and reflection on their own professional growth. Conclusions: The proposed model allows for a transition from a spontaneous and episodic to a purposeful and managed process of developing teachers' creative activity. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of this process directly depends on the creation of a special supportive environment in the educational organization that stimulates pedagogical search, cooperation, and professional self-improvement.

this article addresses the current problem of recognizing texts generated by artificial intelligence (AI) in academic environment. With the widespread adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) technologies, such as large language models and chatbots, in the educational process, teachers in higher education are faced with the need to distinguish original author’s content from AI-generated works. The article tells how to recognize text generated by a neural network from the one written by students independently, without the use of specialized software. The most popular tools for tracking AI-generated texts are also presented. This article presents a detailed analysis of the characteristic features of texts generated by neural networks, including limited use of synonyms, frequent word repetition, an abundance of clich?s, information incoherence between paragraphs, a lack of emotional depth, humor, and personal experience, inappropriate use of metaphors, and the potential presence of logical errors and fictitious facts, as well as the absence of spelling and punctuation errors. Using real written works of students majoring in non-linguistic specialties at South Ural State University (SUSU), we demonstrate methods and techniques for determining whether the author's content is original or generated using a neural network. We also discuss the educational processes in which the use of AI is justified and facilitates the students’ learning process, and those in which AI-generated learning outcomes are unacceptable. A conclusion is drawn concerning the appropriateness and extent of using neural networks in text generation.

the paper is devoted to the study of the stylistic functions of phrasal verbs in modern English and to the specifics of their rendering into Russian. Phrasal verbs, which combine grammatical and lexical levels, perform not only nominative but also expressive, colloquial, and idiomatic functions, shaping the author’s individual style. The relevance of the research is due to their high frequency in fiction and journalistic discourse, where they create narrative dynamism and naturalness, and to the difficulty of selecting adequate equivalents in translation. The aim of the study is to identify regularities in the functioning of phrasal verbs and to determine optimal translation strategies. The methodological framework includes a corpus analysis of 250 examples from English-language novels and articles from «The Guardian» and «The New York Times», as well as an experiment with philology students. It was found that colloquial, expressive, and especially idiomatic phrasal verbs, whose meanings cannot be inferred from their components, present the greatest challenge. The analysis showed that professional translators more often resort to equivalent verbs and stylistic adaptation, which ensures the preservation of the author’s intention, whereas students tend to rely on literal translation. Typical errors in rendering emotionally colored expressions have been identified, and practical recommendations have been proposed to improve translator training, including the creation of comparative corpora and active use of contextual equivalents. The results contribute to translation theory and practice, help develop effective teaching methods, and can be used in university courses on stylistics and translation studies.

the article is devoted to the description of organizational and methodological support for training corporate leisure organizers. Special emphasis is placed on modern corporate culture as a set of shared values, beliefs, norms, and practices that form a unique identity of the company and influence employee behavior at all levels. The focus is on employees’ corporate leisure aimed at uniting and consolidating the team around the organization's values. Additionally, the article pays attention to the process of preparing future organizers of corporate leisure who are studying in the field of preparation 51.03.03 “Socio-cultural activities”. It notes that future specialists in socio-cultural sphere study several specific disciplines whose content determines their professional activity vector, including “Corporate Leisure Technologies” and “Mastering Corporate Program Presentations”.

educational inequality and underachievement, affecting up to 30% of Russian school students due to socio-economic factors, are challenges in urban schools with diverse students (migrants, special needs, low-income families). The study aims to explore how homeroom teachers’ educational practices, using class social profiles, address inequality and underachievement in 5th–9th grades. Qualitative analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with homeroom teachers in Kazan, using a 19-question guide. Thematic and narrative analysis with triangulation ensured reliability. Strategies include individualization via social profiles (adapting activities), class cohesion (projects, quests), motivation (contests for underachievers), and parental engagement (conferences). Practices reduce underachievement but are limited by low parental involvement and skill gaps. The study pioneers the use of social profiles in addressing inequality, offering recommendations: teacher training, school resources, regulatory measures. Future research could assess the impact of practices on academic outcomes.

the study examines the problem of implementing the educational functions of an academic group curator in the context of a modern pedagogical university.The purpose of the research is to reveal the specific features of the curator’s educational activity and to determine effective directions for its improvement. The object of the study is the educational activity of the academic group curator within the system of higher pedagogical education, and the subject is the content, forms, and methods of implementing educational functions. The research was conducted at the South Ural State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University and involved 42 students. The methods used included questionnaires, interviews, and observation. The results showed that curators actively implement cultural, leisure, and organizational forms of educational work but pay insufficient attention to the individual support of students. It is concluded that there is a need to improve the methodological support of curators and to develop interactive and student-centered forms of interaction. The study has practical significance for teachers and organizers of educational activities in higher education institutions.

the relevance of the work is due to the fact that educational design in the system of domestic education in recent decades has become a tool for implementing the strategic policy of the state. At the same time, the category of "risk" becomes the object of pedagogical research, is reflected in regulatory documents (Professional standards, concepts, roadmaps for the development of education, etc.). However, the methodology of risk management of educational design is in its infancy, including the specific risk properties of educational design. Purpose of the article: the paper attempts to identify and describe the risk properties of educational design. Methodology and research methods: the research used methods of abstraction, reflexive problematization, modeling and synthesis. The results of the study: according to the study, the risks of educational design are characterized by the following properties: postponement – which consists in the fact that the consequences of risk occur and manifest themselves not immediately after the educational event, but after a while, inertia – the delay between the detection of risk, the development of measures to minimize it, their implementation and obtaining the expected result, hierarchy – the risk that is on the at a higher level in the system, it has a decisive influence on the subordinate levels, barriers – the presence of a set of reasons leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of management decisions to reduce risk, increasing the uncertainty of management decisions, proliferation – an increase in risks and their consequences (tree graph), latency – the invisible nature of the risks of educational design, compression – the presence of a probability density of an adverse event in a given range to the size of this range, emergence – irreducibility the ratio of the risk of educational design to the sum of the properties of its components, localization – risk as a derived quantity from the number of concentrated factors at a specific point in the space of the educational environment and convergence – the presence of processes of intra-system and intersystem convergence. The set of identified risk properties of educational design is a necessary component for determining the acceptability and acceptability of management decisions in the educational field. The identified risk properties of educational design can be useful for defining approaches and models of risk management. Conclusion. The study and identification of the risk properties of educational design can contribute to improving the effectiveness of risk management of educational design development and implementation processes.

in order to improve the national language proficiency, South Korea operates national language cultural schools, carries out national language education projects for language disadvantaged groups, and establishes national language cultural institutes, building a relatively complete and systematic national language education policy system to ensure that all citizens can receive national language education equally, reflecting the basic value orientation of fairness. The Korean national language education policy aims to enable all citizens to master national language norms and enhance their ability to use national language through national language education. After 30 years of development, significant results have been achieved, including the implementation of the provisions of the National Language Basic Law, which provides equal opportunities for all citizens to receive national language education. At the same time, the National Language Culture Institute has also been popularized; The national language proficiency has improved; The national language awareness has changed, the level of national language civilization has improved, and the proportion of standard language usage continues to increase. However, South Korea's national language education policy also has limitations: there is a lack of follow-up surveys on the effectiveness of policy implementation; The current Mandarin education system emphasizes language norms and expression abilities, while neglecting comprehension abilities.

in the context of a dynamically developing educational space and increasing requirements for the quality of training specialists in the field of theory and history of art, the optimization of the process of re-certification of students of the second higher education of correspondence education is of particular relevance. The research goal is to increase the efficiency and transparency of the re-certification procedure, which provides an objective assessment of the competencies and knowledge of students obtained within the framework of previous education, and the optimization of the curriculum. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: analysis of the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES), identification of typical mistakes and difficulties that arise for students and teachers in the process of recertification; development of methodological recommendations for the preparation and conduct of re-certification activities. The following research methods were used: analysis of regulatory documents, comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization and systematization. The results of the study allow us to formulate specific proposals for improving the regulatory framework and methodological support for re-certification, which contributes to improving the quality of education and the effectiveness of training specialists in the field of theory and history of art.

obtaining, updating and deepening generalized, reliable knowledge about the state and law. The desire to know the stable, deep connections of state and legal life, which determine its movement, pushes for the development of new theoretical and methodological foundations for the functioning of the state, building on their basis conceptual foundations that could ensure the sustainable and competitive development of the state, law and society. At the same time, the purpose of this research is to create a scientific basis for the formation of social and individual political and legal culture. The objectives of this research are: to consider the role of national-state identity in the functioning of modern legal science, to comprehend the place and meaning of the category of political and legal identity in theoretical legal science. The development of the category of the political and legal identity of the state is currently relevant due to the transformation of the ideals and values underlying the prevailing political culture. The article actualizes the need to study the theoretical and legal science of such a phenomenon as the political and legal identity of the state. The need for theoretical research is due, firstly, to the need to replenish the conceptual apparatus of science due to the research already conducted in other branches of law. Secondly, in view of the growing alterglobalistic statements of contemporaries, a scientific explanation of the political and legal reality is required.

the article notes that the grounds of criminal liability for certain types of organizational activities are of scientific interest to researchers [1]. Agreeing with the thesis that even the most perfect legal structure is not able to cover all possible life situations and respond to all possible threats to the criminological security of the individual, society and the state, it should be noted that the desire to overcome such insufficiency entailed either a departure from accessory towards the independence of the responsibility of the organizer, or the construction of separate, independent crimes that go beyond the construction of complicity, or a combination of these approaches [2]. The need for this is related to the criticism of the practice of intensive criminalization of these actions available in the scientific literature [3]. In this regard, various approaches to grouping organizational actions have been proposed (in the theory of criminal law, scientists have proposed various approaches to grouping and typology of organizational actions, in turn, we believe it is possible to distribute the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that make up for the limited accessory actions to organize crimes into the groups we have proposed), in addition, the article emphasizes the expediency applying a uniform approach to the construction of crimes involving responsibility for organizational actions, A number of possible directions for improving regulatory regulation and law enforcement practice have been formulated [4].