No 7-8 (2025)

The article provides an analytical review of Saint Augustine’s Christian attitude towards war. His concept of just / unjust war, as outlined in his treatise “The City of God”, has its own foundation and principles. The main principle is the need to categorise wars as just or unjust before making a moral or Christian assessment. The article highlights and examines the characteristics of wars that can be identified in the theological treatise of Saint Augustine. Based on an in-depth analysis of his approach to the concept of war, a general overview of his theory is proposed. It is shown that Augustine’s approach to the phenomenon of war can be characterised as a middle way. His ideas, although they can be used by representatives of both pacifist and militaristic schools of thought, avoid extremes. Saint Augustine attempts to strike a balance, justifying a just war as a lesser evil and as an attribute exclusively of the earthly city.

His article is aimed at the psychological and anthropological dimension of scientific knowledge, which was introduced by F. Brentano. This dimension is a dream, which acted as an efficient cause for the emergence of various fields of science. For psychology, such a dream was the dream of immortality, which, on the one hand, makes it related to philosophical anthropology. On the other hand, this dream is manifested explicitly or implicitly in various fields of fundamental and applied psychology.

The article reviews the problem of diagnostics and finding ways of speech function recovery in military personnel who got maxillofacial injuries of various etiologies. The features of acquired speech disorders as a result of combat injuries are considered. The authors study speech disorders caused by anatomical defects and deformations of the maxillo- facial area after combat injuries in comparison with similar ones after head and neck tumors surgery. The clinical cases of acquired speech disorder after a shrapnel-blast injury and after surgery of an oropharyngeal area tumor are described. The authors reveal the need for speech therapy in comprehensive rehabilitation to increase the effectiveness of speech function recovery after combat injuries of the maxillofacial area, and also propose ways to solve this problem, based on data obtained during the study of speech rehabilitation after surgery of head and neck tumors.

The article is devoted to the vocal and choral works of A. V. Alexandrov from 1941- 1945. The main milestones of the composer’s creative and professional development are outlined. The genre origins of military songs and their educational potential are revealed.

He article examines the ethnopsychological and ethnocultural characteristics of Chinese students that influence the process of learning Russian as a foreign language. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the effectiveness of teaching Russian as a foreign language, taking into account the cultural and cognitive specificity of this ethnic group. In this regard, particular importance is given to the analysis of the factors shaping the educational behaviour of Chinese learners, including Confucian philosophy, the hieroglyphic writing system, and the educational system of the PRC. The main objective of the article is to justify the adapting teaching methods in accordance with the ethnopsychological traits of Chinese students, which contributes to the development of their speech activity, communicative competence, and intercultural interaction

At the moment, the phenomenon of trust is a subject of many works by domestic and foreign authors. The article examines various scientific approaches to defining the phenomenon of trust and identifies promising areas for further study of this phenomenon.

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the definition of information and communication competence of cadets. The objectives of the article are to analyse scientific works, summarise the information obtained, and propose the author’s concept of “information and communication competence of cadets”. The problem of the research is to identify the basis for the process of formation of information and communication competence of cadets in modern conditions of military education. The methods are: analysis of prior research on the topic, pedagogical experiment. The theoretical significance of the research results consists in the correction of the concept of “information and communication competence of cadets”. The practical significance: the developed methodological conditions make it possible to effectively develop cadets’ information and communication competence throughout the educational process.

The article examines the role of fiction in the formation of the legal culture of society. Using the example of works of Russian and foreign literature, the article analyses how artistic works affect the legal consciousness of a person, criticise the shortcomings of legal systems and contribute to the development of legal awareness. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of the impact of literary texts on the perception of law, justice, morality and civic responsibility.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of monetary attitudes and moral characteristics among students in the psychological-pedagogical and technical fields. The relevance of the study is driven by the need to explore the relationship between financial behaviour and moral-ethical aspects of personality in the context of professional socialisation. The following methods were used in the study: D. A. Bayazitova’s and T. A. Lapshova’s scale; A. Furnham’s Money Attitude Scale; the “friend-adviser-2” method for assessing moral choice characteristics; and G. Carlo’s and B. A. Randall’s Prosocial Tendencies Measure. The findings reveal that technical students exhibit a more emotional and pragmatic attitude toward money compared to future psychologists and educators, who show less interest in money while displaying higher levels of moral orientation and empathy. The obtained data highlight the influence of professional training on the formation of the moral component of monetary attitudes, which can be considered when developing differentiated moral education programmes for students in different fields of study

This article explores the relationship between intelligent navigation and neurointuition, suggesting a new perspective on decision-making and orientation in complex situations. We see neurointuition not just as an intuitive insight, but as a complex cognitive process based on unconscious information processing, accumulated experience and neural networks of the brain. The article analyses various aspects of intellectual navigation, including the role of neurointuition in decision-making. We investigate how neurointuition influences strategy selection, risk assessment, and prioritisation under uncertainty. Mechanisms of neurointuition: the neurophysiological foundations of neurointuition are considered, including the activity of various brain regions (for example, the prefrontal cortex, amygdala) and the role of neurotransmitters. The concept of neurointuition opens up new perspectives for optimising performance in key areas of human practice where traditional analytical methods face limitations under conditions of uncertainty, time pressure, or information overload. Its practical significance is revealed through the prism of bioalgorithmic support for intelligent navigation - the process of constructing and correcting cognitive maps of reality for effective goal setting and adaptive behaviour. It is not enough just to state the existence of this connection; it is necessary to analyse exactly how neurointuition acts as a key tool in the process of intellectual navigation, especially in conditions where rational analysis is limited or impossible.

The article examines the concept of “other” from various points of view. An interpretation of the meaning of “other” in the general sense, in the context of philosophy and psychology is given. The term “significant other” is analysed in different life contexts of people.

The article presents the results of scientific, psychological and pedagogical research on the analysis of the development of emotional intelligence in adolescents studying in physics- mathematics and general education classes. Emotional intelligence is presented as an important component of intellectual development of schoolchildren, its formation serves adaptation to modern conditions, understanding of intrapersonal and interpersonal emotions. These studies can help in the development of psychological programmes for the development and correction of emotional intelligence in schoolchildren.

The article examines the features of the development of self-efficacy skills in master’s students in the context of multitasking of university studies. The relevance of the study is due to the growing need for adaptive self-regulation strategies in the professional and educational spheres, characterised by high cognitive and emotional load. The aim of the article is to describe the dynamics of self-efficacy development through training conducted with master’s students in the field of Psychological and Pedagogical Education. The results confirm the importance of the integrated approach, including cognitive restructuring, development of self-reflection and management of emotional states, for a sustainable increase in self-efficacy in conditions of high load and multiple tasks.

It is quite difficult for today’s graduates to remain in demand in the labour market. Many universities in the Russian Federation, based on federal laws, letters from the Ministry of Education and Science, and methodological recommendations, have taken the path of combining higher education programmes with additional education programmes - professional retraining programmes, vocational training programmes. The article analyses the regulatory framework for the integration of programmes, the experience of universities in the Russian Federation. The authors present the results of a study on the design of educational programmes of higher education and integrated professional retraining programmes. The organisational and pedagogical conditions for their implementation are highlighted, and examples of the integration of “additional qualification” modules into the curricula of higher education training areas are given. The positive results of the study and the points worth considering are presented.

This article is devoted to the problem of adaptation and maladaptation of children with limited health capacities and disabled children in the social environment. The types of social vulnerability are identified and described, such as: restrictions in enriching social experience, inclusivity of education, distortion of family communications, as well as the internal picture of illness as a factor of vulnerability.

The article is devoted to the development and substantiation of the model of influence of andragogical conditions on the development of the information security culture of teachers, including the goal-oriented, theoretical-methodological, content-organisational and assessment- outcome blocks. The importance of developing special andragogical conditions that contribute to the effective implementation of this model of influence is substantiated. The real experience of testing the model in the educational space of Russian regions is described, effective approaches and barriers to the formation of the information security culture of teachers are identified.