Vol 7, No 2 (2025)

within the framework of this work, questions will be highlighted that will help to better understand the subject area and identify ways to improve the professional and psychological competence of employees of penal inspections. First of all, an analysis of existing advanced training programs will be carried out, which will determine how well they meet modern requirements and challenges facing specialists in the field. Methods for improving psychological competence will also be central to the study. Various approaches to training will be considered, including trainings, seminars and practical exercises aimed at to develop the necessary skills. Particular attention will be paid to innovative methods such as the use of simulation games and role-playing exercises that allow employees not only to master the material theoretically, but also to apply it in conditions that are close to real ones. The effectiveness of training programs and their impact on the professional activities of employees will be assessed. Also, the article includes the development of recommendations for trainings to improve psychological competence. These recommendations will be based on the analysis and evaluation of existing programs, and on best practices identified during the study.

the article reveals the problem of the development of social intelligence among modern youth. The author analyzes the concept of social intelligence, its role in social adaptation and the development of communicative competence among young people. A study of the level of social intelligence development among young people has been conducted, taking into account the identified criteria (cognitive, emotional-volitional, behavioral). A qualitative analysis of the results of the study was performed using Fischer's F-test. The study revealed that the development of social intelligence among young people is not enough: young people experience difficulties in situations that require introspection and social insight, planning and goal setting, self-regulation and social forecasting.

at all times and at different ages, schoolchildren found themselves in situations associated with a risk to life and health. Is there something common in all these cases? What is in each situation or in a specific person that draws him into danger and is there such a thing at all. It is noted that despite modern technologies for tracking the location of children, the availability of a large number of gadgets that help in certain dangerous situations, great work by various services, teachers - psychologists, the availability of hotlines for supporting the population and providing emergency psychological assistance, a more conscious attitude of parents towards children, children still continue to find themselves in life-threatening and psychologically dangerous situations. The article presents the results of a study of the reasons why schoolchildren, regardless of gender, age, social status, find themselves in situations that are dangerous to life and health. The study was conducted in 2023-2024. A total of 106 people were surveyed. Based on the survey results, conclusions were made about the common features of schoolchildren or the similarity of events, according to which schoolchildren, regardless of the dangerous situation itself, be it involvement in various groups, attacks by street animals, involvement in bullying, etc., become victims of certain negative events. Solutions to this problem are proposed.

the article deals with the problem of interrelation of professional identity and empathic abilities in psychology students in the process of their professional formation. Various aspects of empathy as a multidimensional construct and its role in the formation of professional identity are analyzed. The factors promoting and hindering the development of these components in the process of training are investigated. Special attention is paid to the influence of different training formats on the formation of professional identity and the development of empathic abilities. The significance of practical experience, authentic educational environment and interactive teaching methods is revealed. Barriers in the development of professionally important skills are considered and ways to overcome them are suggested. The results of the study show a complex relationship between the development of empathy and the formation of professional identity, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to the training of future psychologists.

the article examines the impact of modern changes in the material and technical environment and digitalization on the way of life and thinking of a person. The authors emphasize that the introduction of digital technologies optimizes the systems of management of society's activities, but the pace of mastering innovations depends on society's perception of them. If innovations arouse interest and personal commitment, it leads to an intellectual leap. The research is based on the theories of activity of S.L. Rubinstein and A.N. Leontiev, as well as personality psychology of A.G. Asmolov and other scientists, making a conclusion about the importance of formation and development of personality abilities in modern conditions. The article considers the definitions of abilities by V.D. Shadrikov and B.M. Teplov, who consider the abilities of V.D. Shadrikov and B.M. Teplov, who consider abilities innate, but subject to development. The authors identify the types of ability manifestation and psychological attitudes that influence the activity of personality, and develop a model of dependence of the need for self-actualization on these factors. The main conclusion of the study is that activity with positive external motivation and personal interest promotes both the acquisition of abilities and the development of emotional inspiration, which leads to moral satisfaction of the personality. The purpose of the study is to identify and justify the types of forms of aptitude that arise in the process of carrying out activities in different life situations.

the article reveals the potential advantages and risks of implementing educational programs through digital forms of education. The relevance of the research determines the rapid development of the processes of introducing digital educational platforms designed for online education of schoolchildren and students as part of the digital transformation of the education system. The article uses the methods of system analysis and description and the method of analysis of scientific literature. The provisions of legislative and regulatory acts regulating the implementation of educational programs through digital forms of education and on the basis of digital educational platforms are disclosed, and the conceptual content of verified digital educational content is analyzed. It is determined that the potential advantages of implementing educational programs through digital forms of learning are expressed in increasing the capabilities of teachers associated with the practical use of a wide range of innovative practices that expand the composition of subject knowledge, skills, and competencies of students. In turn, the potential risks of implementing educational programs through digital forms of learning are expressed in slowing down the development of the social aspects of students' personality and lowering their level of socialization; in the formation of clip Internet consciousness and changing the structure of perception; in threats of loss of physical health due to the negative effects of electromagnetic radiation and in threats of loss of physical activity of students. The scientific novelty of the article is related to the systematic and comprehensive disclosure of the effects: the potential benefits and risks of implementing educational programs through digital forms of education associated with the digital educational environment and the identification of special measures aimed at reducing risks.

the article discusses important aspects of the development and implementation of adaptive training techniques for athletes with physical and intellectual disabilities. The modern sports world is actively moving towards inclusivity, which underlines the urgency of creating specialized programs for athletes with disabilities. These programs not only ensure safety, but also contribute to an effective training process. Special attention is paid to the principles on which adaptive techniques are based. One of the main factors is the individualization of the approach, which allows taking into account the physical condition, level of training and psychological characteristics of each athlete. An important element is the gradual loading and an integrated approach that includes not only physical development, but also cognitive training. A special role is given to strength training, endurance, coordination and attention, which is important for athletes with intellectual disabilities. It is also important to note the use of auxiliary tools and equipment that help create more comfortable conditions for classes. Another key component is motivational support. The article also addresses the issues of monitoring the effectiveness of these techniques, which allows you to adjust workouts depending on progress. This approach helps to create optimal conditions for athletic achievements and social adaptation of athletes, increase their self-esteem and improve their quality of life. Thus, the introduction of adaptive training techniques not only contributes to the physical development of athletes, but is also of great importance for their personal and social integration, which ultimately contributes to the creation of a more inclusive and supportive sports community.

this article examines the issues of the formation of historical thinking in the context of the digitalization of school historical education. Digitalization is considered as a tool for effectively shaping students' historical thinking. The development of digital technologies opens up new opportunities for learning and improving the quality of education, as it opens up access to a large amount of information, but at the same time opens up new opportunities. Despite the ongoing discussions in society, the state's position on the use of digital resources in education is clearly marked – information technology tools should be actively used in the educational process, as evidenced by regulatory legal acts. The article presents methodological techniques, the application of which will contribute to the formation of students' historical thinking, using digital tools. Among such techniques: evaluating the text of online sources according to specified criteria; creating historical data graphs; creating presentations on behalf of a historical person. These methodological techniques allow the student to apply the methods of action necessary for the formation of historical thinking: to analyze historical data, extract the main and secondary information from the text, analyze, evaluate and interpret information, build causal relationships and formulate conclusions. The author puts forward a number of conditions that ensure the effective use of digital resources to achieve the planned result. These conditions include: a certain level of digital media ownership, compliance with the balance of cognitive load, and the use of reliable digital resources.

the article examines the role of cultural-philosophical knowledge as a basis for forming worldview attitudes of the younger generation. In order to strengthen the ideological foundation and develop patriotic, spiritual and moral values, school education should include disciplines of philosophical and cultural studies. These include world artistic culture, the foundations of Orthodox culture, the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia, ethics and cultural studies. These subjects lead to a revision of the basic theoretical and methodological principles of cultural education, influencing its structure and constituent elements. Cultural-philosophical knowledge is a synthesis of cultural and philosophical understanding of the world, which allows students to more deeply comprehend their values, traditions and historical roots. Cultural-philosophical education plays a key role in preparing students for the modern world. It contributes not only to intellectual development, but also to the formation of deep cultural and moral values. The study concluded that cultural and philosophical aspects in the education system create the basis for active citizenship and responsible participation in the life of society. This knowledge helps to find oneself at the center of socio-cultural processes, preparing young people to become conscious and active participants in both national and global communities.

the article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of game mechanics on motivation for learning and teaching. The author considers how the division of educational material into levels with increasing complexity contributes to a sense of achievement and strengthens interest in the learning process. Competitive and cooperative elements enhance involvement, develop command skills and stimulate students to the best results. Special attention is paid to the plot lines that create an emotional connection with the material and develop critical thinking. The concept of “freedom of failure” is of particular importance, which reduces stress and allows students to perceive errors as part of the learning process. The article analyzes endogenous and exogenous teaching video games, as well as various levels of immersion: tactical, strategic and narrative. The importance of a stream state that contributes to deep concentration and productivity is emphasized. Games serve as an addition to classical approaches, making training interesting. Games provide a unique opportunity to listen to the live speech of native speakers or people with different levels of language language. In conclusion, the author claims that gaming mechanics, with proper integration with educational tasks, is able to effectively supplement traditional teaching methods, making the process more exciting and productive.

the purpose of this article is to analyze and review the strength training methods for softball pitchers, as well as their impact on improving pitching effectiveness and reducing the risk of injuries. The article examines key aspects of strength training, such as the development of strength, power, flexibility, and coordination. It describes modern training methods, including weightlifting exercises, explosive power training, improving flexibility and joint mobility, as well as the use of technologies for motion analysis and training process monitoring. The research methodology is based on the analysis of domestic and foreign studies, as well as practical recommendations for athlete preparation aimed at improving the technical and physical characteristics of pitchers. The results of the article confirm the necessity of a comprehensive approach to strength training, which includes working on strength, technique, coordination, and psychophysical preparation, as well as the use of modern technologies to optimize the training process. The findings may be useful for coaches and athletes seeking to improve their results in softball while minimizing the risk of injuries.

currently, one of the most common problems of people in developed countries is various kinds of psychoemotional disorders. The difficult economic situation and the overload of the information space with negative information increases the overall tension and this situation clearly affects all members of society. The team of authors in the article studied the impact of physical culture and sports on the psychological state of students using the example of students at the St. Petersburg University of Veterinary Medicine, as well as on their ability to cope with stress in the learning process. In the course of the research, an analysis of foreign and domestic scientific and methodological literature was carried out and the mechanisms by which regular physical activity helps to reduce anxiety and depression in students, improving the mood and general psycho-emotional well-being of the contingent of higher educational institutions were considered.

when young athletes enter various universities, including technical ones, they face new learning conditions and the construction of the educational and training process. In order to continue improving in their chosen sport, they need to adjust to the new format of building a one-year training cycle and at the same time there should be no negative impact on academic performance in other subjects. In this format of building a one-year training cycle, the coach's task is to make the transition to new conditions smoother and more painless for students. A coach must set up an athlete both physically and psychologically and break the pattern of a one-year cycle of building an educational and training process relevant to sports schools.

the following article examines and analyses the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation and improvement of disciplinary skills in the process of psychological and pedagogical training of cadets at a military high school. A combination of psychological and pedagogical conditions, taling into account the requirements for the training of future officers in modern military high school, as well as the specifics of the system of formation and development of disciplinary skills in the process of psychological and pedagogical training of cadets, is determined in the article. Based on the analysis, the materials and methods of studying the pedagogical conditions for the formation of disciplinary skills in the process of psychological and pedagogical training of cadets at military universities are considered. The pedagogical strategy is also described, which is considered as “creatively organized activity of all participants in the educational process. The main methods of research were particular scientific publications defining pedagogical creative organized activity of all participants of the educational process, aimed at achieving the pedagogical goal, solving a specific pedagogical problem and task on schedule. The following strategy is considered as pedagogical and psychological support that includes educational activities to coordinate ways and means to achieve a specific pedagogical goal – the formation of cadets’ disciplinary skills necessary for the implementation of educational activities, including solving individual tasks and reflexive and analytical activities. The content of scientific and pedagogical research was determined and the analysis of practical experience of educational, educational and service activities in military universities allowed us to identify a number of problems with discipline. The activities of teachers, commanders and officers in providing individual support to cadets. Various types of educational work carried out in military educational institutions where cadets study contribute to the formation of the ability to control behavior, organizational competence and constructive discipline. The conclusions on the analysis of new principles of the concept of disciplinary practice aimed at the development of disciplinary skills among cadets are presented.

this study investigated the complex relationship between cognitive abilities and tactical decision-making performance in volleyball athletes of different training levels. A cohort of amateur and professional players underwent a series of psychometric tests, including Stroop's test of attentional acuity, N-back tasks for working memory stability, and a sensorimotor response latency assessment. Tactical skill was assessed using expert judgements of strategic actions in the game, supplemented by quantitative measures such as error rates and action success rates. The intervention phase included a cognitive conditioning protocol including neuroplasticity-enhancing exercises aimed at enhancing attention modulation, memorising mnemonics and calibrating fast reaction times. Statistical analysis revealed a robust positive correlation (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) between improved working memory capacity and tactical agility, indicating a key role for cognitive adaptability in high stakes sporting scenarios. The post-intervention improvement in reaction speed averaged 9% (p < 0.05), accompanied by an 11% improvement in strategic accuracy. Professional athletes demonstrated a 15% higher cognitive performance index compared to their amateur counterparts, highlighting the synergistic interaction between experience, neurocognitive ability and competitive skill. These results support the need to incorporate structured cognitive training into traditional sport paradigms to enhance decision-making acuity and optimise competitive performance. Future research should determine the longitudinal effects of sustained cognitive training and examine the interindividual variability of neurocognitive adaptability across sport disciplines.

the RPES RLD complex (the Russian Physical Education and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense") is a unique Russian initiative aimed at stimulating physical activity among various age groups. At the same time, there are many similar programs in the world, each of which has its own characteristics and experience that can be useful for adaptation in Russia. The purpose of this work is to analyze the experience of implementing the RPES RLD complex in Russia and foreign physical training systems, to identify their common features, differences, problems, as well as prospects for their further development. The following methods were used to solve the tasks assigned to students on the RLD topic: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on physical training systems in Russia and abroad. Based on the information received, the method of comparative analysis of Russian and international programs was used, as well as the collection and synthesis of statistical data on the involvement of the population in physical training programs. The conclusion is since a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign systems makes it possible to identify their strengths and weaknesses, which is especially important in the context of finding ways to improve the RLD.

the article discusses the specifics of the organization and implementation of physical training of law enforcement officers in educational institutions of law enforcement agencies. The article analyzes the modern requirements for physical fitness, due to the specifics of the official activities of employees of law enforcement agencies. Special attention is paid to the application of an integrated approach to the development of physical qualities, such as strength, endurance, speed, agility and coordination abilities, as well as the formation of applied motor skills and abilities. The authors analyzed approaches to the physical training of law enforcement officials that contribute to improving the effectiveness of the professional activities of law enforcement officials. The presented research material is intended for teachers, instructors, physical training specialists, as well as for anyone interested in improving the physical training of law enforcement personnel. The results of the study can be used in the organization of a training system for law enforcement agencies in educational institutions of various levels.

materials and methods: the work assessed the dynamics of physical fitness of students of the Construction Institute of Tyumen Industrial University (TIU) from the first to the third year during the academic year. The study involved 162 students (87 girls and 75 boys) aged 17 to 20 years. All participants had medical certificates confirming their assignment to the first health group, which made it possible to exclude the influence of medical contraindications on the test results. To assess the physical development, functional and physical fitness of students, the following test exercises were used: 100-meter run, long jump from a standing position, bending forward from a standing position on a gymnastic bench, pull-ups on a crossbar, push-ups in a prone position. The choice of these tests is due to their accessibility, ease of implementation and informative assessment of the basic physical qualities of students. Results. When analyzing the data for three academic years, it can be seen that the data on pull-ups from hanging on a high crossbar shows unstable dynamics among young men. The maximum number of pull-ups was recorded in the second year with a score of 60 times and reaching the golden sign. However, by the third year, the number of pull-ups decreased to 32 times, and the badge became silver again. As for the girls, the steady maintenance of the gold level in the 100-meter run and forward tilt indicates strong motivation and systematic training in these disciplines. However, changes in the results of flexion and extension of the arms in the prone position suggest that perhaps not enough attention is being paid to this aspect of physical fitness. Conclusion. In general, it is obvious that the complex of preparation for passing the RLD standards requires constant attention and adjustments based on the results achieved. It is especially important for boys to focus on flexibility and mobility in order to improve their results in bending forward from a standing position, while girls should take up exercises aimed at strengthening their arms. Understanding these nuances and implementing appropriate adjustments to training programs will help improve results in the future. Thus, despite some difficulties, the data indicate a high level of physical fitness of young people.

the article analyzes various approaches implemented in historical and pedagogical methodology. A review of methodological apparatus allows to focus on the most relevant of them, such as anthropological, civilizational, active, axiological and others. Synthesis of approaches in study of historical and pedagogical context, as well as in study of educational practice is shown. The research potential and possibilities of integrating historical and pedagogical approaches into researching modern pedagogical experience, updating historical practices in order to improve effectiveness of educational process are analyzed.

in the process of applied physical training of female cadets, it is necessary to improve the physical qualities and functional capabilities of the body, however, its focus on the male gender and strict regulation of the content of means and methods of physical training during school hours, established by the requirements of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, does not allow due consideration of the capabilities of the female body, which quite often exacerbates the difficulties of their adaptation to the learning process at the university The difficulties of organizing physical training at a law school are also caused by the strict regulation of the educational process and the daily routine associated with scheduled activities; maintaining a diet inside the institution; organizing educational activities; organizing extracurricular activities, including physical training activities. In the study, the choice of means and methods is aimed at improving the effectiveness of physical training with female cadets based on the selection of loads from exercise systems that help minimize negative effects on the body and more effectively adapt to future professional activities. The organization of physical training based on the integrated use of Crossfit and Body&Mind in extracurricular activities provides a solution to the problems of female cadets related to the biological, physiological and psychological characteristics of the organization of their education and life in a departmental university. It has been established that the developed methodology for the integrated use of Crossfit and Body&Mind tools for female cadets of a subordinate university in the framework of all forms of extracurricular training as a private component of physical training ensures its effectiveness by achieving an ergotropic effect when using Crossfit and trophotropic effects, i.e. assimilation processes and the ability to recover when using Body&Mind tools.

the presented research material emphasizes the importance of mastering pain techniques while standing and accompanying in educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense. This highlights the need for these skills for military personnel, especially in scenarios that require the use of non-lethal force, such as detention operations, crowd control, and the treatment of insubordinate individuals. The article explores the practical application of pain techniques, emphasizing their role in maintaining order and minimizing the risk of escalation or injury. It also examines common mistakes encountered in the learning process, and suggests strategies for improving accuracy, control, and efficiency. The presented research material serves as a source for understanding the tactical and ethical significance of standing pain techniques and support in the training of defense personnel and has practical significance. The results of the study can be applied in the organization of physical training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense.

mastering the technique of using combat fighting techniques is a factor that ensures the effectiveness of actions of law enforcement officers in conditions where the use of firearms is impractical. Also, a good technique for using combat techniques ensures the safety of an employee of law enforcement agencies, therefore, the presented topic is and remains relevant throughout the entire service life of law enforcement officers. In the course of the research, the following tasks were solved: * to analyze the frequency of use of fighting techniques in professional activities; * to identify the main mistakes when performing the basic elements of combat techniques of wrestling; * to determine the directions for improving the performance of combat techniques of wrestling. The results obtained in the course of the research can be applied to the organization of physical training of law enforcement officers in educational institutions of various levels and are of practical importance.