No 3(884) (2024)

The article describes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of speech ontogenesis in French psycholinguistics. The articles of French and international linguists, psychologists and psycholinguists which had an impact on the genesis of these problems in French science serve as research material. The paper gives an analytical representation of the main hypotheses explaining child speech formation and their development in French psycholinguistics.

The article focuses on the conflict between traditional speakers of minority languages and new speakers, who learned the language in its standardized form in the course of revitalization. The author reveals the social, psychological and linguistic aspects of this conflict. It is shown, with a special reference to Manx Gaelic, that both sides of the conflict take a purist stand; however, for the former it means following traditional linguistic practices, while for the latter - innovations with a view to return to historical roots.

Being one of the most prominent representatives of the Russian linguistic translation studies, A. D. Shweitser made a great contribution both to the study of the theory and practice of translation in general and to the development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of this discipline. Since in recent decades the very validity of the linguistic approach to translation and the use of a number of terms proposed by its supporters have been questioned, the authors of the article attempt to analyze the key terms and justify the inexpediency of their elimination.

The analysis of associative fields of lexemes nominating values has become an effective way of studying identity in psycholinguistics. Basic values are a hierarchical, fundamentally dynamic, but synchronically stable system, and this makes it possible to consider them as part of an ethnic identity. With the help of associative fields analysis, the actual content of values is established, the dynamics of value orientations is predicted. The author compares the associative fields of social justice and security of Russians, Germans, and Austrians, emphasizing significant differences in their worldviews.

The article is devoted to the study of heterogeneous factors contributing to the emergence of “emergence” of the process of understanding a text; at the same time, “emergence” is considered a fundamental characteristic of an individual’s mental activity. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to change the methodology of analyzing speech activity, which is essentially emergent and determined by the interdependence of the physio-, neuro- and psychological aspects of human activity. The factors determining the “emergence” of speech activity are highlighted, regardless of the topic, structure, and area of communication of individuals.

According to the results of a series of experiments on subjective decoding based on perceptual-auditory and perceptual-visual types of analysis of multilingual communication, basic knowledge is accumulated and implemented in visual and auditory images that complement each other. The paraverbal communication is an additional source, which, in the process of perceiving a foreign language speech, becomes the basic source of information about communicants and about the communicative situation. The results obtained confirm the presence of an evaluative statement of perceptual features correlated with ingrained intercultural characteristics.

The article provides the outcomes of a preliminary experiment focused on investigating the relationship between auditory and visual perception of vocalism in the Khalkha dialect of modern Mongolian. The experiment involved listening to 7 long and 7 short vowels pronounced by native Mongolian speakers (male speakers and female speakers). Subjects recorded their visual color associations for each of the 28 vowels they spoke. Each of the subjects filled out a questionnaire indicating the color associated with the pronounced vowel. The cumulative responses totaled 3584, gathered from 128 participants, comprising 10 % adults and 90 % students from schools No. 68 and No. 21 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

The article analyzes non-finite verbal forms functioning - present and past participle as premorphological and morphological intermediary expression forms of specific duration and perfection / completeness of verbal action values in the Dutch compared to closely allied languages - German and English. The grammatical variability in the expression of the verbal action duration is considered as a characteristic feature in the Dutch grammatical structure.

The article highlights the patterns of choice of the motivating features of the items involved in the secondary naming. The research data are lexical units of German - names of tools, as well as their word formation and semantic derivatives. Using the methods of component and transformation analysis, the characteristics of underlying bases are determined, profiled in word formation and semantic derivation. The basic similarity of these ways of secondary naming in the choice of semantic features is revealed.

The images of animals found on the pages of works of art are numerous. The image of he-cat / she-cat refers to the universal images found in folklore and fiction of different linguistic cultures. In Russian linguistic culture (more broadly, in Slavic folk beliefs) this pet appears as a gender pair - a he-cat and a she-cat and is described as having both positive and negative qualities due to the stable archaic idea of the cat’s connection with both the human world and the other world, going back to antiquity.

Nowadays Russia takes a leading position in the development of the Arctic largely due to the achievements of the Soviet Union. The USSR conducted an active and consistent policy on the development of the Arctic, using the full potential of the country, including the potential of culture and art. The article describes the positive experience of the USSR in forming an attractive image of the regions of the Arctic region through decorative and applied art by producing thematic porcelain products.