Vol 8, No 2 (2025)

the goal: to investigate the information needs of patients undergoing cardiological rehabilitation and identify the factors influencing these needs. Materials and methods. The prospective study included patients from the Dagestan Cardiology Center who underwent rehabilitation after myocardial infarction or procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting. The socio-demographic and psychological characteristics of patients, as well as their interest in various aspects of health information, have been studied. Questionnaires and data from electronic medical records were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0. Results. The study showed that a low level of education and quality of life are associated with less interest in information about nutrition and physical activity. Women and patients with high levels of anxiety showed greater interest in information about psychological well-being. At the same time, a large number of concomitant diseases reduced interest in information about medicines. Conclusions. A personalized approach, the introduction of digital technologies and the integration of psychological support are key elements in meeting the information needs of patients in cardiological rehabilitation. These measures can help improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and improve treatment outcomes.

the article presents current data on the possibilities of pharmacotherapy of bipolar affective disorder. The literature is reviewed in PubMed and Google databases with the analysis of full-text articles, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses. The evidence base for the effectiveness and safety of medicines for the treatment of both manic and depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder has been collected. The obtained materials indicate the value and risks of treating patients with bipolar affective disorder with mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and atypical antipsychotics. The work carried out has shown that today the choice of medicines remains extremely difficult, since none of them is universally effective, all of them have side effects expressed to varying degrees and act mainly on one of the phases of the BAD. Thus, normotimics are better able to stop the manic and, to a lesser extent, the depressive phase. The anticonvulsant lamotrigine is highly effective in the treatment of the depressive phase of BAD. In some cases, antidepressant therapy not only does not have the desired effect, but also worsens the condition of patients with episodes of depression, leads to rapid cycle changes, and increases the risk of suicide. Atypical antipsychotics quetiapine, cariprazine are the most versatile drugs for the treatment of BAR. This is due to the unique pharmacological action of the drugs, the ability to stop both manic and depressive phases of the disease, very good tolerability, and a low level of undesirable effects.

the article deals with the main pathogenetic mechanisms of dyscirculatory encephalopathy, modern classification, as well as the main groups of risk factors that can lead to the development of pathological changes in the structure of brain tissue. The scientific literature has been analyzed, as well as a review of articles devoted to the study of chronic cerebral ischemia. The most up-to-date literature sources with sufficient evidence base were selected. The main links of pharmacotherapy and complex treatment of DE, providing for the selection of effective drugs with the greatest therapeutic effect, are presented. A comparative analysis of the obtained data with the information available in scientific libraries on various platforms is carried out. Recommendations on the prevention of dyscirculatory encephalopathy are given.

the purpose of the study: to analyze and form various risk groups of pregnant women according to the somatic and reproductive health of pregnant women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency during its surgical correction. Materials and methods. The results of the analysis of the health of pregnant women with shortening of the cervix, who underwent surgical correction of the cervix by two different methods, are presented. The sample included 80 patients with isthmic-cervical insufficiency with shortening of the cervix, including prolapse of the fetal bladder, at the gestation period of 13-26 weeks. Of these, 60 pregnant women were corrected with a single suture (core group), and 20 had a "double" suture(reference group). A clinical and laboratory examination was carried out. Results. The pregnancy outcomes of each patient in two groups were studied. Based on the data obtained, the percentage of both reproductive and somatic pathology was determined. A high percentage of somatic pathology was revealed in patients with isthmic-cervical insufficiency in the control group, especially diseases of the urinary system. For diseases of the hemostasis system, data were obtained indicating a greater number of cases of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women of the control group. Pregnant women have a history of problems with reproductive function, such as infertility, spontaneous abortions, inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs. Particularly high numbers were obtained in the control group. The outcomes of pregnancy after the selected surgical manipulation in each group were evaluated. Conclusion. Women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency were more often classified as older reproductive age. Also, women with a high parity of childbirth were at risk according to the isthmic-cervical insufficiency. It turned out that with the parity of childbirth, the timing of the development of isthmic-cervical insufficiency progresses with each new pregnancy. In the case of a "new" pregnancy, the period of occurrence of isthmic-cervical insufficiency is 2-3 weeks earlier than the previous pregnancy. An important factor is the presence of isthmic-cervical insufficiency in previous pregnancies, which already suggests a risk group for the development of isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

mirror neurons are special neurons in the human brain that activate when following the actions of other people. Interest in them is interesting from the perspective of the process itself, i.e. which mirror neurons of the corresponding parts of the brain are activated when performing certain actions by another person, as well as from the perspective of how this process affects the understanding of other people, reading them. In this context, the question of what role they play in interpreting the phenomenon of neurointuition also remains important and relevant. The relationship between neurointuition and mirror neurons can be traced, first of all, in the fact that observing other people, a person activates similar mirror neurons, as if he himself were performing such actions. Based on this fact, it can be noted that neurointuition is a complex process involving mirror neurons in different parts of the brain, which allow a person to intuitively read and predict the world around them on an intuitive level. In the article, authors conducted an analysis of modern scientific papers on the problem of mirror neuron research. Further, authors of the article conducted a study of the concept of such a phenomenon as neurointuition. During the previous stages, authors identified and evaluated the role of mirror neurons in interpreting the phenomenon of neurointuition. After analyzing the system of mirror neurons in the human brain, revealing the features of their activation when reading other people, authors concluded that mirror neurons act as a neural basis for imitating behavior, imitative learning, and interpreting the actions of others. It is important that if the observer perceives even part of the sequence of actions, then the mirror neurons of his brain will reflect the entire process, complementing the observed fragments to the probable complete sequence of events.

in this paper, the authors investigate the influence of some features of interaction with parents of first-year university students on the choice of behavior strategies in conflict situations. A theoretical analysis of the concept of "conflict" is carried out, and references are given to the works of authors dealing with this issue. The work describes the specifics of student age: instability of emotional state; incompletely formed values; a penchant for maximalism. In addition to the theoretical part, an experiment takes up a significant part of the work. Its purpose is to establish specific relationships between how students interact with their mother and which strategy of behavior in conflict is predominant. It has been established that 1st year students have a high level of autonomy. At the same time, there are signs indicating that the process of separation from parents has not yet been fully completed. The result of the work is presented in the form of a table showing the correlations described above. It was found that there is a direct correlation between the prevailing tactics of competition and cooperation in the family. There is also a direct relationship between the frequency of choosing adaptation tactics in conflict situations and the mother’s demandingness. It is concluded that the nature of interaction with the mother determines the behavior of students in controversial situations. As a result of the study, it was noted that the process of developing a style of behavior in young people in conflict situations is greatly influenced by the relationship and model of interaction with parents, in particular with the mother. Interpretation of the received data was carried out. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn and practical recommendations were given to teachers and students.

nowadays, students are required not only to participate in the implementation of various projects, but also to create them, recruit a team to work and obtain the necessary results and implement projects in practice. Such skills can be successfully developed in the research activities of students. However, there are individual characteristics and preferences of various components of research activities that may depend on various factors. The purpose of the study is to study the scientific inclinations of students with different types of thinking. The subject of the study is scientific aptitudes, and the object is 2nd year college students of various specialties. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that students with different types of thinking will have different inclinations and preferences in the components of scientific activity. The research methods were theoretical analysis of scientific literature, testing, questionnaires, methods of mathematical statistics. The research used the method of "Type of thinking" (modified by Rezapkina), as well as a questionnaire developed by the authors to identify students' scientific inclinations. Our research has shown that, according to college students, research activities allow them to develop critical thinking, creativity, gain experience, develop independent work skills, and work in a team. The analysis of the research results allows us to identify a number of specific manifestations of inclinations to research activities, depending on the type of thinking of students. Such features include interest and willingness to participate in scientific research, experience in performing certain types of research activities, the desire for independence or teamwork, the need for instruction or mentoring from teachers, the choice of certain functions in a research team – collecting, processing or presenting information, analyzing results and formulating conclusions., preparation of texts and presentations, oral presentations in front of an audience. The research results can be useful for involving students in research activities, their planning and implementation, scientific leadership, the formation of research teams and student scientific communities.

this article addresses the urgent issue of developing critical thinking skills in high school students within the context of digitalized education. The study analyzes the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating digital technologies into the educational process. The authors examine the cognitive, motivational, and affective aspects of critical thinking and how digitalization influences each of these components. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, including a review of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, student surveys, focus group interviews with teachers, and a pedagogical experiment. The findings indicate that digital technologies can both facilitate and hinder the development of critical thinking in high school students. While they provide access to vast amounts of information and tools for processing it, they can also contribute to superficial analysis, decreased motivation to learn, and the formation of uncritical information consumption habits. The authors propose recommendations for improving the educational process aimed at developing critical thinking in the digital environment. These recommendations include the use of active learning methods, the development of critical information evaluation skills, and advanced training for educators.

in this article, the author emphasizes the importance of considering self-regulation of activity as a system, pointing out that self-regulation of activity must be considered as an integral, coherently functioning entity. The classifications of systems that are important for considering self-regulation of activites are briefs indicated. The main attention in the work is paid to the description of principles (integrity, compatibility of elements of the whole, functional-structural arrangement, hierarchy, development, mobility of functions, polyfunctionality) and the main properties of the system (static, dynamic, synthetic), justifying the consideration of the phenomenon of self-regulation of activity as a dynamic system with structural-functional organization. On the basis of theoretical analysis, an attempt is made to identify the component composition of the system of self-regulation of activity, including: the need-motivational component, the component of personal-regulatory properties, value-meaning and emotional-volitional components. The functional role of each specific component of the system of self-regulation of activity, which is important in the realization of self-regulation of human activity, is specified.

the article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at studying the features of professional motivation of employees of one of the hotel complexes in Krasnodar. The total sample size was 94 people. The following methods were used to conduct the research: V. I. Gerchikov's test of motivation types, T. Ehlers' methods of motivation to avoid failures and motivation to achieve success, A. Rean's test of motivation for professional activity. Mathematical and statistical methods of research: analysis of means and correlation analysis (SPSS 27.0). As a result of the study, it was revealed that the dominant number of respondents are focused on the instrumental type of motivation, while hotel employees are characterized by external motivation and motivation to avoid failures, which indicates that in organizations of the hotel sector it is still necessary to focus on the development of a financial incentive system.

our article examined modern aspects of providing psychological assistance to athletes through the transformation of an athlete's personality. Transformation is understood as expanding the boundaries of perception, gaining the ability to move towards new experiences. The article discusses some aspects of a psychologist's work with conditions of trauma, depression, anxiety, and distorted attachment. The process of becoming an athlete is considered through the acquisition of sensory experience, which acts as a self-regulating function to provide the athlete with the opportunity to creatively adapt to a stressful situation that arises in sports. Through modern psychoanalysis and the Gestalt approach, the article examines ways to work with anxiety from a field perspective and the integrity of contact processes without separation from the family, cultural, economic and historical context. The possibilities of Gestalt therapy in providing psychological support to an athlete are being investigated.

the relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that recently there has been a revival of interest in the methods of body psychotherapy. Numerous studies in neurobiology and psychophysiology show that in order to develop a modern understanding of conscious, preconscious and unconscious processes, it is necessary to take into account the "physical dimension of experience." In the article, psychomotor development is understood as a continuous progressive process in which motor activity is closely related to the psyche. Attention is focused on the fact that the entire integral characteristic of a person as an individual is reflected in the motor organization of a person, in his behavior, activity. It has been revealed that before starting to influence the psychomotor development of a person and his pathology, it is necessary to have prior knowledge both about his nature and about the possibilities to compensate for his shortcomings. In conclusion, it is shown that psychomotor development is a complex phenomenon that needs to be understood so that it can be used as a guideline, especially in cases where it is atypical or impaired.

the article considers socio-psychological adaptation as a process of interaction between an individual and society, contributing to the successful fulfillment of social roles and self-actualization. This process plays a key role in ensuring the successful fulfillment of various social roles by a person, as well as in his desire for self-actualization and self-realization in social conditions. The author identifies two types of adaptation: regressive and progressive, the latter of which leads to true socialization. Adaptation is characterized as a regulator of mental tension and can take an external, internal or mixed form. The main attention is paid to the role of socio-psychological adaptation and satisfaction with students' academic activities, which affects their academic and personal success. The process of adapting to the university environment, especially important at the beginning of studies, includes overcoming stress and gaining the ability to cope with new requirements. The process of adaptation to the university environment, which is especially relevant at the initial stages of education, includes overcoming stressful situations and acquiring skills to effectively respond to new challenges and requirements. Strengthening social integration and emotional regulation contributes to better academic results and satisfaction with the educational process. The article emphasizes the importance of institutional support for the successful adaptation of students through the creation of a favorable environment and the provision of resources. The study describes the stages of preparing an empirical study, the methods and techniques used in its conduct, the statistical data obtained during the empirical study, and the discussion of its results.

in today's dynamic reality, ensuring public safety requires the integration of legal and psychological methods of influence. This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the mental methods of implementing the protective function of the state, examining the influence of legal norms on the psyche of citizens and the formation of public opinion. Combining the experience of a lawyer, a physician, and a psychologist, the authors analyze systematic and teleological approaches based on publications by domestic and foreign scientists and empirical data obtained using statistical and qualitative analysis. An extended discussion of the results makes it possible to substantiate the need to integrate information and psychological technologies into public policy. The article contains practical recommendations on optimizing trainings for law enforcement officers and developing state security programs aimed at strengthening law and order. The purpose of this study is to identify and substantiate the mental methods of influence used by the state to implement the function of law enforcement, as well as to analyze their impact on public consciousness and behavior of citizens. The authors of the article set the task to determine how modern psychological tools contribute to strengthening law and order and contribute to the formation of a sustainable public security system.

life satisfaction is an important scientific and practical component of psychology, which gives an idea of the subjective well-being in an individual's life. Currently, the problem of loss of landmarks and criteria of life satisfaction associated with the development of social networks needs to be investigated. Social media users look at life through the profile of the Internet pages of "successful", "well-off", "exceptionally happy people", and their own lives seem gray and not saturated to them. Without understanding the criteria of their own life satisfaction, many conclude that their life is "not like that." The stated problem is seen as a prospect for further scientific research on the topic under consideration. The article examines the concepts of life satisfaction, activity and self-presentation in social networks. An analysis of the results of an empirical study is presented, the purpose of which was to study the relationship of life satisfaction with self-presentation on social networks and with the perception of other people's content on social networks. The author's hypothesis implies two assumptions: 1) the risk of dissatisfaction with life increases when comparing oneself with idealized images broadcast on social networks by other users; 2) life satisfaction is lower with intentionally embellished self-presentation on social networks that does not correspond to reality.