No 5 (2025)

the article considers some features of representation of conflict in the media. Certainly, discrepancies of opinions, views, values and ideological attitudes and their verbal expression, which sometimes lead to armed confrontation, cannot but arouse research interest. In this work, some features of covering the conflict through the prism of linguistic science are studied. The variety of linguistic means, which are skillfully used by specialists in the field of media communications, allows creating the foreign policy image of different countries that corresponds to the set goals and is consistent with the policy pursued by the state. Public opinion regarding a particular event is formed mainly under the influence of the media, which own and implement various manipulation technologies in order to influence the mass addressee. Accordingly, given the increased number of conflicts (in 2024, almost 200 thousand conflicts and clashes were recorded in the world), the number of publications covering the stated problem is also growing, which determines the exceptional relevance of this work. The analysis of conflict-marked articles conducted by the authors allows us to conclude that the images and stereotypes existing in society regarding a particular state are a product of the presentation of events in the media, which means that special attention should be paid to the methods and techniques of interpreting conflicts in the media, as well as the features of conflict representations in social networks.

according to global trends, theatrical activities, including marketing strategies, should evolve dynamically through the prism of digitalization. This aspect allows us to take a fresh look at the most relevant approaches to creating, promoting, and delivering the final product to regular and potential theater-goers. Given the aging of the permanent target audience, it is important to attract young people to watching performances and musicals, whose attention today is mainly focused on gadgets and the Internet. Virtual services play an important role in theater attendance, form a cultural organization in an innovative way, and also provide a "permanent presence" of the theater in the virtual space, including among geeks who are passionate about cutting–edge technologies. Digital marketing helps to take into account the individual needs and values of users of online services, as well as transform theatrical productions into a completely new unique format that can attract the attention of people of any age. The most effective marketing strategies that have a positive impact on theater attendance are the Competitive Strategy Matrices of M. Porter and I. Ansoff, which incorporate digital technologies and communication channels to maximize their marketing efforts.

the lexical layer considered in the article (unofficial toponyms of Smolensk associated with the Great Patriotic War) has not been covered by scientific research yet, which determines, along with the approaching anniversary of the Victory, the relevance of the work. Objective: to give a linguistic and socio-cultural assessment of the noted linguistic phenomenon. Tasks: to collect unofficial toponyms of Smolensk associated with the Great Patriotic War, analyze the collected material and systematize it. Research hypothesis: being an integral part of unofficial urbonymy, the lexical layer under study is stylistically less reduced. Methods: descriptive, comparative, structural, component analysis, oppositions, semantic field; contextual and conceptual analysis. Results achieved: the study analyzed most of the identified unofficial toponyms of Smolensk, to varying degrees associated with the Great Patriotic War – Tank, Cannon, Anti-aircraft guns, Bayonet, Kurgan, Memorial, Buchenwald, Volodya Kamenny, Dandelion, House with a clock, Blonye, Molotov Hotel, Hitler's Bunker. Conclusion: the analyzed lexical layer, firstly, reflects more deeply and objectively the true attitude of the ethnic group to the memorialization of certain historical events, and secondly, is characterized by a lesser degree of debasement than regional unofficial toponymy as a whole.

this article is devoted to a comparative cross-cultural analysis of proverbs and sayings (paremias) that reflect parent-child relationships in the English, Russian and Azerbaijani languages . Based on a comparative analysis of proverbs about children and parents, similar (universal) and different groups are identified. A comparative cultural semantic classification of the studied proverbs is provided. The Azerbaijani, Russian and English languages belong to different language groups and families, which explains the uniqueness of this study. Analysis of the language material, which consists of more than 300 paremiological units, allowed us to identify the universal nature of the national linguistic consciousness of three peoples and the ethnic uniqueness of the linguistic expression of their worldviews through the paremiological fund.

the article presents a classification of robotic systems used in Chinese media, focusing on their functional characteristics and application areas. The author analyzes the role of artificial intelligence in the transformation of the media industry, distinguishing three main categories of systems: for content production, content distribution and audience interaction. Key application scenarios are considered, including news production automation, social media management, and media management optimization. Particular attention is paid to the technological, social and ethical challenges associated with the implementation of robotic systems, as well as their future prospects in the context of digital transformation. The study emphasizes the need for a balance between technological innovation and social responsibility for the sustainable development of the media industry.

the article examines the thematic dynamics of emotive verbs in A.P. Chekhov’s short story “A Day in the Country”, focusing on their role in shaping the narrative’s emotional depth and psychological portrayal of characters. Using the structure, the study employs a linguo-stylistic analysis to explore the placement of emotive verbs within the rheme structure of sentences. Methodologically, it combines contextual analysis of micro-situations, syntactic modeling, and assessment of the pragmatic function of verbs within the narrative perspective. The results reveal that Chekhov strategically positions emotive verbs (e.g., “rejoiced,” “upset,” “agitated”) in rhematic positions to highlight pivotal emotional states, creating subtext and guiding reader attention. These verbs generate a wave-like rhythm of emotional tension, enhancing the story’s psychological complexity. The discussion emphasizes the interplay between rheme dynamics and Chekhov’s minimalist style, where lexical and syntactic precision compensates for descriptive brevity. A key finding is the ambivalence of emotions, conveyed through contrasts between external events and implicit inner turmoil. The study underscores how rheme dynamics contribute to the “twilight” emotionality typical of Chekhov’s prose, where feelings are revealed indirectly. This research enriches understanding of emotional expressiveness in short fiction and advances methodologies for analyzing narrative strategies in classical literature.

the article analyzes a number of terms of the musical terminology system in the Chinese language, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the national musical tradition of China. Having chosen the musical terminology system of the Chinese language as the object of the study, the author analyzes it for the purpose of detecting specific terms and identifying the features of their structure and evolution in the context of Chinese culture. Particular attention is paid to the system of «shi'er l?» (a system of twelve tones in traditional Chinese music), the history of its origin and significance in the musical culture of China. The article discusses not only the nominations traditional for this country, for example, bamboo flutes l?, but also the names of other instruments, the emergence and functioning of which has its own characteristics due to the specifics of the diglossia, and in some places polyglossic, language situation in the territory of the PRC.

the article is devoted to the study of lexico-phraseological means that represent the cognitive scenario of the “life cycle of an object” through the integration of structural-semantic, cognitive-discursive, and comparative methods of analysis. The aim of the work is to identify universal and culturally specific mechanisms of verbalizing the stages of an object’s existence (emergence, development, peak, decline, conclusion) in various language systems. The focus of the research is on metaphorical models, idioms, and lexical units that reflect the conceptualization of temporal dynamics in language. The methodology is based on the analysis of text corpora, including scientific, journalistic, and literary sources, using componential, contextual, and substitution analyses. The structural-semantic approach allowed for the systematization of linguistic means according to the stages of the life cycle, revealing dominant metaphors (for example, anthropomorphic ones such as “the birth of an idea” and “the death of a project”). The cognitive-discursive analysis uncovered the variability of interpretations depending on the communicative context, while the comparative aspect demonstrated discrepancies in the representation of the scenario among languages, caused by cultural and historical factors. The results showed that the universality of basic concepts (“birth,” “death”) is combined with the specificity of their linguistic embodiment. For example, in some cultures, plant metaphors predominate (“wilting of an initiative”), whereas in others, technological ones are more common (“system reboot”). Gaps were identified in the description of transitional stages (a brief peak), as well as differences in the evaluative connotations of idioms. The discussion emphasizes the interdisciplinary significance of the work: the results are relevant for cognitive linguistics, cultural studies, and translation studies. The hypothesis that the linguistic representation of the life cycle reflects not only objective reality but also the mental attitudes of language speakers has been confirmed. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of metaphors as a tool for conceptualizing time and change, as well as expanding the methodological base for comparative studies from a cross-cultural perspective.

the purpose of the study is to examine the system of gender markers in Russian-language media discourse and to identify the features of nominations of femininity and masculinity in the media space. The article discusses the anthropocentric approach to studying gender issues in modern Russian; for the first time, a systematic analysis of models of expressing masculinity in modern Russian-language media discourse was conducted. Media discourse reflects all linguistic processes and represents gender stereotypes in modern Russian. The androcentric value paradigm is reflected not only in the linguistic worldview of the Russian language but also in the linguistic worldviews of many other languages with an ancient history. Masculinity occupies a central place in the linguistic culture of most ethnic groups. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, a systematic analysis of models of expressing masculinity in modern Russian-language media discourse has been carried out. As a result of the research, it was established that gender stereotypes in the Russian language manifest themselves at all levels of the language system. This is particularly evident at the lexical level. Masculine words in the lexicon (as well as feminine words) actively function in media discourse and carry evaluative meanings. The contemporary lexical system is very dynamic, containing a large number of new masculine formations, which indicates an ongoing tendency to express androcentric gender characteristics at the lexical level. The vocabulary used to name men based on social parameters has a distinctly negative connotation, as is the case with the lexical unit “скуф.” When considering the system of masculinity reflected in media discourse, it is important to note that the model of representing masculinity in the Russian language corresponds to the hierarchy of the language system.

this article is devoted to the study of the concept of «life» in Russian phraseology, revealing key aspects of the national worldview. Phraseological units reflecting ideas about the value of life, its stages, meaning, joys and inevitable difficulties are analyzed. Culturally conditioned assessments and attitudes to life, death, fate, work, love and other important spheres of human existence are revealed. The study allows us to trace how Russian culture, through phraseology, conveys value guidelines that shape the attitude to life as a unique and significant gift. Particular attention is paid to metaphorical images and symbols used to represent the concept, demonstrating their connection with the historical experience and spiritual traditions of the Russian people. The analysis contributes to the understanding of the features of the Russian linguistic picture of the world and its influence on the formation of identity.

the title as the most important element of the text has become the object of research in the works of a number of Russian scientists. The title is characterized by brevity and a fixed position, implements the communicative strategy of the authors and expresses the main theme of the text. The purpose of the study is to consider the role of the subject and predicate, modeling a specific speech situation, to analyze the productive types of syntactic constructions and to study the types of axiological concepts realized in the titles. The conducted analysis showed that the constructions used in the titles of the texts of social projects are directly related to the semantic organization of the text; non-verbal (paralinguistic) means perform a significant function in a number of titles. The titles of the texts implement communicative strategies of information and influence and represent a “core” proposition expressing the most important topic (topic) based on the conducted analysis of the text. The analysis of projects posted on open competition platforms showed the productivity of nominative, generalized-personal constructions and two-part constructions with a nominal compound predicate: generalized-personal constructions are represented mainly by proverbs, sayings and set expressions, in which cultural concepts are realized. The practical significance of the study lies in determining the mechanisms for implementing the high pragmatic potential of the titles of social project texts. The absence of a predicate (action) in the titles of social project texts is due to the actualization of the result of actions (the goal of the project) in the message, and not the actions themselves (the process). The main information carriers in the titles of social project texts are keywords, which are stable thematic components and search queries on the Internet and electronic catalogs. A number of social project texts use specific vocabulary expressing the relevance and novelty of the idea, and in some cases allowing to graduate the degree of expression of these features.

for centuries, value orientations have been an essential component both in society as a whole and in the life of every person. Being the basis of the communicative actions of government structures and the political elite, which seek to form a particular public opinion, values somehow influence the ideological attitudes of society. Accordingly, it is possible to talk about the manipulative potential of communicative influence in political discourse, where linguistic structures with powerful pragmatic potential containing value-marked texts are successfully implemented. Effective implementation of manipulative strategies through the use of mechanisms of political discourse is possible largely due to the correct selection of various linguistic means [9]. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the verbal realization of values in political discourse is a complex process of presenting linguistic means in terms of composition and methods, and values themselves are a significant component of political discourse, determining its specifics and organization. The novelty of the research consists in the study and scientific description at the level of modern linguistic theory of linguistic means that actualize the value component of political discourse. The formation of political discourse in some post-Soviet countries takes place in a dynamically changing political environment, which is why the analysis of linguistic means that implement the value bases of cognitive structures that political elites broadcast to the audience, lobbying their interests, is increasingly becoming relevant and important. The purpose of this work is to study the value component in the political discourse of some post-Soviet countries. As a result of the research, the authors identify the most significant linguistic means representing the value component in the described type of discourse.

this article examines the problem of regional media development in the context of digital transformation. Studying the process of transformation of traditional regional editorial offices is impossible without understanding the needs of the modern audience. The study focused on the qualitative change in consumer behavior regarding information in general. The optimal structure of multimedia news is identified, which is a combination of multimedia tools that provide technical simplicity, accessibility and understandability, and then save time on familiarization with the content. It has been established that at the level of editorial structures there is a tendency towards transformation. However, this process cannot be called complete. Most of the surveyed regional editorial offices only apply the principle of convergence at the editorial level, having, rather, experimental types of new editorial structures.

the article examines the key factors that determine the educational environment and its impact on the learning process. Two main groups of factors are distinguished: external and internal. Particular attention is paid to the concept of personality-oriented education, which is considered not as the formation of a personality according to given parameters, but as the creation of conditions for the development of individual abilities of students. The authors propose an innovative approach to the analysis of the educational system through the application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs to various levels of education, which allows for a deeper understanding of the needs of students and optimization of the educational process. The study is aimed at improving pedagogical practice and increasing the effectiveness of the educational process by taking into account the diversity of factors in the educational environment and the individual characteristics of students.

the article is devoted to the study of the features of diglossia and bilingualism in a socio-cultural context using the example of teaching the Crimean Tatar language. The analysis focuses on the influence of historical and political factors on the linguistic situation in Crimea and on the practice of using the Crimean Tatar language in various spheres of life. The study examines the sociolinguistic aspects of diglossia, revealing the functional distribution of the Crimean Tatar and Russian languages in everyday communication, education and the public sphere. Special attention is paid to the problems of bilingualism, including issues of language planning, the development of language competencies, and the impact of diglossia on the formation of linguistic identity among the Crimean Tatars. Based on the analysis of the experience of teaching the Crimean Tatar language in modern conditions, effective strategies for the support and development of the Crimean Tatar language as a means of preserving cultural heritage and strengthening ethnic identity are determined. The article includes the results of an empirical study conducted among native speakers and students of the Crimean Tatar language. The data obtained allow us to draw conclusions about the need for an integrated approach to solving the problems of diglossia and bilingualism within the framework of the state language policy.

the article scientifically substantiated, theoretically developed and proposed for experimental implementation and practical realization of the socio-pedagogical model of formation of traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian youth in the conditions of modern higher school, consisting of two bases (theoretical-methodological basis, methodological-technological basis), including six closely interrelated and synergetically interacting structural-functional blocks (conceptual-target block, normative-legal block, subject-subject block, organizational-content block, procedural-technological block, evaluation-result block). The above-mentioned bases, including the above structural and functional blocks of the presented model, organically and simultaneously combining social and pedagogical components into a single and indivisible community of socio-pedagogical impact, are effective socio-pedagogical mechanisms that provide a high probability of timely and qualitative formation of traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian youth in the conditions of modern higher education.

the quality of programmer training is crucial for industrial and technological progress, as technology affects virtually all aspects of modern and man-made life. Programmers are at the forefront of developing new technologies, software, and systems that solve complex problems and increase efficiency. Qualified programmers manage innovations in areas such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and quantum computing, enabling breakthroughs in all sectors of the national economy. Accordingly, increased attention is paid to the training of these specialists, which makes the presented research material relevant. In the course of the research, the following tasks were solved: * analysis of the factors of professional activity on the health of programmers; * determining the areas of physical culture that offset this impact; * identification of areas that increase the effectiveness of training future IT specialists. The results obtained during the research can be used in the organization of the educational process in physical education with students studying in this field.

the article discusses various methods of teaching foreign languages used in the professional training of car repair and maintenance specialists. Special attention is paid to the key principles of effective learning, such as accessibility, visibility, activity, consistency and interaction, which are the basis of a successful educational environment. The main methods of teaching foreign languages are analyzed: grammatical and translational, lexical and translational, natural and communicative, as well as their compliance with the requirements of the profession. The article notes that traditional methods, such as the grammar-translation approach, cannot effectively meet the needs of professionals, since they are focused on formal language learning without taking into account the specifics of real professional activity. The possibility of combining the communicative method and the lexical-translation approach is being considered for mastering a technical foreign language necessary for communicating with clients, working with technical documentation and performing professional tasks. The combined approach helps to develop both practical communication skills and knowledge of specialized vocabulary, providing a comprehensive command of the language, which is important for professionals in the field of automotive services. This approach also helps to improve skills in solving professional problems in real-world work situations.

the empirical study was conducted at Penza Gymnasium No. 13. The study involved 10 teachers and 25 students. The purpose of this study is to theoretically substantiate, design and test a model (concept) of mentoring support for a primary school teacher as a form of overcoming his professional deficiencies in working with academically gifted children when preparing them for intellectual competitive tests. The main criteria indicating the effectiveness of the mentoring support model are: - significant indicators indicating the elimination of professional deficiencies among primary school teachers; - the presence of positive dynamics in the results of participation in competitive events among primary school students. The result of the work is a description of the experience of interaction with teachers, the development and testing of methodological recommendations for primary school teachers on the implementation of a functional model of methodological support for the preparation of gifted students in grades 3-4 for participation in subject Olympiads and competitions of research projects at various levels. The theoretical significance lies in determining the criteria for giftedness for students in grades 3-4 in different subject areas, conducting diagnostics of the level of giftedness of students in grades 3-4 in Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, and the world around them. The practical significance lies in the development and testing of a functional model of methodological support for preparing students to participate in subject Olympiads and research project competitions of various levels, preparing students in grades 3-4 to participate in subject Olympiads and research project competitions of various levels, clarifying the content of methodological work with primary school teachers.

the article suggests an innovative approach to the organization of reading activities in higher education institutions – the development of the culture of acting reading in the professional training of students of creative specialties of universities. The research problem is conditioned by the demands of society to overcome the critical limit of reading proficiency, which is a basic component of teaching, upbringing and development of students, contributing to the solution of educational, professional, social tasks, contributing to the strengthening of ethnic, confessional, socio–economic ties at the regional and global levels. The value-semantic development of the educational content, high-quality professional training of specialists in higher education institutions require proficiency in reading, which is characterized by a clearly defined goal, a choice of sources, creative understanding, perception, interpretation of the text, the interaction of emotions, thinking, imagination. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian pedagogy, the concept of the culture of acting reading was introduced and substantiated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the mastery of the culture of acting reading by students of creative professions, based on an anthropocentric approach, the psychophysiological capabilities of students, and synergetics that ensure interdisciplinary interaction of the studied disciplines. The comprehension and generalization of diverse interdisciplinary knowledge, the synthesis of scientific ideas leads to the fact that after reading literature, students have their own ideas, associations, images, and ideas that excite them.; Gradually, there is a deep immersion in the text, which makes it possible to develop the ideas that have arisen, strengthen, preserve and create something new and original based on them. Actor's reading is multifunctional, it affects the recipient informatively, expressively, aesthetically. Mastery of the culture of acting reading allows students to transform their latent skills into effective tools for personal development.

the article is devoted to the analysis of the ideological component of the formation of youth associations in China in the first half of the twentieth century. The purpose of the study is historical and pedagogical analysis of the genesis of the concept of "free development of the individual" as an ideological narrative of the formation of associations of studying youth in China in the first half of the twentieth century under the influence of external socio-cultural and political contradictions. The hypothesis of the study based on the assumption that with the help of theoretical methods used to detect, record and interpret data related to the most important socio-cultural factors that determine the features of the genesis of youth associations in China, it is possible to determine the significance of the individual in the formation of New China, the importance of the ideological orientation of the youth movement towards freedom and independence. Research methods. General logical methods of analysis, systematization, generalization, etc. and a special method of concrete historical analysis are used. The empirical array of the study consists of the works of state figures of the country, the results of scientific research of Chinese scientists in the field of pedagogy, history, materials of the periodical press (scientific journals) published in Chinese. The results of the study showed that youth movements and associations of the past and present based on the desire free development of the individual played a very significant role in achieving the country's modern level of scientific and technological development.

training of future pedagogical staff becomes a paramount task in the changing paradigm of modern education. In addition to professional competence, future teaching staff should possess professional-speech competence, which implies physiological knowledge of the structure and functioning of the human articulation apparatus and respiratory system, as well as skills and abilities, representing a complex, individual psychophysiological process of voice formation. Relevant knowledge, skills and abilities of voice formation expand the possibilities of future teaching staff in their professional activities. The article is based on the study of the essence and specifics of training of future pedagogical staff, on methodological studies of linguistics, as well as on special-oriented knowledge, skills and abilities of speech and vocal methodology, which includes such characteristics of the voice as timbre, flexibility, mobility, sonority, range of sound, volume and intensity. The purpose of the article is to substantiate special-oriented knowledge, skills and abilities as a significant component of professional-speech competence of training future pedagogical staff. Professional-speech competence implies not only improving the professional level of training of future pedagogical staff, but also contributes to the preservation of the health of the articulation apparatus of teachers, elimination of the causes of professional voice disorders, pedagogical longevity and improvement of the quality of life.

reflection plays an important role in the development of the personality of an older teenager, as it contributes to the formation of self-awareness, self-esteem and awareness of actions. This study examines the features of reflexive abilities in adolescents, factors affecting their development, and diagnostic methods. As a result of the analysis, recommendations on the development of reflexive skills in the educational environment were proposed. In modern society, older adolescence is characterized by special requirements for personal development. During this period, adolescents face the need to be aware of their thoughts, actions and motives, which affects the formation of their self-awareness, level of responsibility and ability to make decisions. However, the process of becoming aware of one's own actions and their consequences often turns out to be complex and requires developed reflective abilities. It is reflection that allows a teenager to analyze his experience, draw conclusions and consciously manage his behavior, which is especially important in the context of rapid social changes and growing demands for personal independence. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of reflexive abilities in older adolescents, identify the factors influencing their development, and also offer recommendations on their formation.

the purpose of this article is to structure the normative and methodological support for the formation of environmental competence in students of higher educational institutions. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to solve the following problems: 1. analysis of regulatory documents governing environmental education and requirements for environmental training of students; 2. identification of federal state educational standards containing environmental competencies; 3. study of labor functions corresponding to environmental competencies. As a result of the study, 118 federal state educational standards were studied and it was revealed that 34 of them contain competencies in the field of nature management, environmental protection, and solving environmental problems. Based on the studied federal state educational standards, professional standards were studied and labor functions associated with an environmental focus were identified. After studying the regulatory documents governing education in the field of ecology, researching federal state educational standards containing environmental competencies and identifying labor functions related to environmental competencies, a structure of regulatory and methodological support for the formation of environmental competence was formed. The practical application of this structure will consist in the fact that it can be used in the development of curricula taking into account the requirements for environmental competencies defined in federal state educational standards and professional standards, as well as in the formation of criteria for assessing the formation of environmental competence, including the development of assessment tools (tests, cases, projects).

the relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of digital technologies and their active implementation in the educational process, particularly in higher education. The aim of the study is to analyse the current state of digitalisation of language education and to develop a comprehensive strategy to overcome the existing barriers. Based on the statistical data of the National Research University Higher School of Economics and modern research, the key problems are identified: low level of ICT competence of language teachers and insufficient integration of innovative technologies into the educational process. A comparative analysis of the use of digital tools by teachers of various disciplines was carried out, which showed that the humanities area is significantly behind other educational areas, such as medicine and health care, and technical ones, in mastering specialised software and simulators. A systematic strategy of digital transformation is proposed, including legislative, financial, educational and control measures. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of specific recommendations for improving the FSES of Higher Education (3++), creating a system of teacher professional development and introducing innovative educational technologies. The results of the research can be used in the development of programmes for digitalisation of language education in higher education institutions and the formation of the professional standard ‘Digital Foreign Language Teacher’.

the article is devoted to the research of destructive phenomena in modern society as a multidimensional problem requiring great efforts and an interdisciplinary approach to its solution, the prevention of destructive behavior of today's youth and the causes of its occurrence (social, psychological, family, ideological, etc.). Specific preventive measures of destructive behavior by various psychological and pedagogical means are proposed. Based on the analysis of dissertation research over the past 25 years on destructive phenomena among young people, key concepts are clarified, signs of destructive behavior of adolescents and students are highlighted, as well as general and individual reasons for youth entering destructive communities. The authors focus in more detail on information threats in the emergence of destructive behavior of students.

the article attempts to consider a certain educational method of legal regulation in the field of investment activity. This method will be important in the legal regulation of educational and cognitive connections formed by the investment activities of various entities. The analysis of the educational method of legal regulation is presented exclusively as a direction for the development of investment legislation, and not for the purposes of sectoral division of the legal system. Moreover, it seems that legislative, law enforcement and scientific-educational implementation in a particular sphere of legal relations does not depend on the legal community in which these relations are located. It is noted that the educational component of the method of legal regulation is to some extent present in investment activities. The norms of investment law containing such a method are given in this article. However, their volume and quality do not allow this set of provisions of investment legislation to be perceived as a method of legal regulation, that is, such a method should be recognized as underdeveloped in this area of legal relations. At the same time, investment activity presupposes a certain unity of public and private law, since the development of this sphere is impossible without the positive experience of the majority of its subjects. Therefore, also taking into account that education and training are an integral part of the vital interests of a person, society, and the state, the recommended conditions for the education and training of investment activity subjects, presented as an educational method for regulating investment law, are pursued by both private and public interests. A sufficient volume and quality of the relevant material will influence the qualitative formation of the general method of investment law.

with technical progress over the past couple of decades, new technologies have firmly entered our lives, including computers, smartphones and the Internet. The ability to make money transactions, online purchases and other things via the Internet with wide technical capabilities to maintain user anonymity has given rise to a new class of criminals who engage in Internet fraud. The article presents the content and meaning of the personality of a modern Internet fraudster, analyzes the statistics of Internet fraud over the past few years. Financial pyramids, online casinos, earnings on cryptocurrency, household appliances and vouchers to resorts for half the price, messages about receiving an inheritance or winning a prize, sites with free music or movies - all this is a chance to lose money. There are hundreds of techniques in the arsenal of criminals, and new ones appear every day. In the activities of any fraudster, psychological factors play a major role, directly affecting the willingness of citizens to give their property savings to third parties who abuse trust. Unfortunately, it is currently quite easy to form a fraudulent scheme via the Internet. The advantages of this type of fraud for individuals is the ability to do this without leaving home, having a personal computer or smartphone. The study reflects the gender and age characteristics most typical for committing this type of crime. The socio-psychological characteristics of Internet fraudsters are analyzed, including a certain age, education, as well as the entry of these individuals into a special subculture. The most frequent geographic location of fraudsters is determined, associated to a greater extent with the urban environment. The article also considers the personality types that are more likely to be involved in Internet fraud.

this scientific work is devoted to the issue of strengthening the constitutionally established status of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation by increasing the level of professionalism and ethics of its staff. The work focuses on the problem of verifying the ethical components in the employment of a candidate for the prosecutor's office, as well as improving the level of professionalism of the current staff of the supervisory authority. During the preparation of the study, relevant and accessible sources of information were used: scientific articles, monographs, educational literature, giving an idea of the authors' opinion on the issue under consideration. Based on the studied material, reasonable proposals have been made to optimize the legislative framework and law enforcement practice in terms of strengthening the ethical and professional qualities of prosecutors. This, in turn, will directly affect the constitutional guarantee that the Prosecutor's Office will exercise its powers.

public contracts and adhesion contracts are special structures and, despite the sufficient period of application of the rules governing them, continue to attract attention. In this regard, it seems interesting to discuss a number of practical proposals presented in this article. The possibility of adjusting a public contract that is not an adhesion contract before its conclusion in the part not determined by the rules and tariffs binding on the parties contrasts with the exclusion of such a possibility in relation to accession contracts. Which at first glance seems quite natural, given the purpose and meaning of the accession agreement – saving resources of various kinds. In order to balance the privileges granted for the unilateral determination of the terms of the adhesion contract, an institution for changing or terminating the adhesion contract is provided on the basis of paragraph 2 of Article 428 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The institution of changing or terminating an adhesion contract is quite relevant for the latest judicial practice and is obviously aimed at excluding unfair and onerous terms from the contract. Ensuring guarantees of the rights of the weaker party to the contract, which, due to the weakness of its negotiating and economic capabilities, is unable to exclude obviously unfavorable conditions from the terms of contracts without the help of the judiciary, is a significant achievement for both the legislator and the law enforcement officer. Ensuring guarantees of the rights of the weaker party to the contract, which, due to weak negotiating and economic capabilities, is unable to exclude obviously unfavorable conditions from the terms of contracts without the help of the judiciary, is a significant achievement of both the legislative and judicial authorities. However, the right of the acceding party to terminate or change the adhesion contract, firstly, is provided only after the conclusion of such an agreement, that is, accession to it, and secondly, should not exclude other rights to protect against unfair contractual terms. Another such right or method may be the institution of imposing an obligation to perform certain actions in order to exclude clearly onerous conditions of the adhesion contract before accession to such a contract. The importance of a different procedure for protecting the “weak” party to the contract is determined by the negative consequences associated with the need to fulfill clearly onerous conditions before they are recognized as such by the court.