Vol 5, No 10 (2025)

the relevance of defining the national identity foundations determines of the constant research interest in the artistic texts, which pose philosophical (historiosophical) issues. The A.K. Tolstoy's dramaturgy refers to such texts. The article solves the research task of showing that Tolstoy's understanding of human nature and the historical process nature, on the one hand, is determined by the inclusion of Russian noble culture in the pan-European cultural process (primarily it is rooted in the romantic tradition). On the other hand, the article demonstrates the stability of the religious and ethical foundations of Russian national culture, formed in the bosom of the Eastern Christian Orthodoxy. The medieval monastic ideal of a harmonious synthesis of penitential prayer practice and active love became no longer popular in the Russian culture of Modern times. However, hermeneutic analysis of texts from the 19th century shows that concepts such as sin, death, punishment, mercy and salvation in their Orthodox interpretation remain fundamental in the Russian culture. Comparison of the A.K. Tolstoy's tragedy "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" with the F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "The Idiot" allows us to fit Tolstoy's work into a wide artistic and philosophical context and identify one of the key philosophical issues of Russian history and culture. It is a tense choice between active action for the moral world transformation and contemplation of the beauty of the world, already transformed by God's providential plan for man.

the article examines the use of discursive markers in media texts in two sport telegram channels differing in genesis. The telegram channel which was initially established in social service without any earlier background in traditional media (radio, TV, printed press) is called in the article “social media”. Posts from social media are represented in the article by mediatexts from sports telegram channel 2Drots. Telegram channel originated from traditional media is called in the article “online media”. Texts from this media type are represented in the article by posts of telegram channel Match TV, which basically is the resident of MATCH TV-channel in social service. The comparison of chances of use of exact discursive markers which are most frequently seen in Telegram channels demonstrates that statistically significant differences are seen in few numbers of cases. This observation leads to the conclusion that the genesis of telegram channels does not play the front role in the choice of discursive marker in the process of discourse structuring. There are two main reasons to choose the exact discursive marker in the process of forming the discourse of the considered Telegram channels. The first oeason is sport which literary is emotion, action that can not be predicted. The second eason is connected with the first one. Sport discourse in most cases is oral discourse and oral speech is originally less organized, less logically correct and predicted respected to the written one.

this article is devoted to the analysis of transformations of occasional phraseological units in English film discourse. The work examines various types and methods of transformation of phraseological units (structural, semantic, structural-semantic transformations). The purpose of this study is to consider the methods of transformation of phraseological units in English-language animated film discourse. The material of the study is the scripts of English animated films "Shrek", "Madagascar", "The Lion King". The following linguistic research methods are used in the work: the method of continuous sampling, component analysis of the semantics of phraseological units and the method of contextual analysis. Based on the scripts of the English animated films "Shrek", "Madagascar", "The Lion King" the article examines the methods of their transformation using examples of occasional phraseological units, describes their methods, and determines their role in creating a comic effect. The analysis of occasional phraseological units found in the English animated films "Shrek", "Madagascar", "The Lion King" revealed a variety of methods of their transformation. The results obtained can be used in further studies of phraseological units (both usual and occasional) in various types of English-language discourse. The prospects of the study may be associated with the study of occasional phraseology of the English language in the context of translation into Russian, as well as a means of creating a comic effect in various discursive spaces.

the article provides a psychoanalytic interpretation of L.N. Tolstoy's story "The Kreutzer Sonata" through the prism of Z. Freud's key concepts of dreams, libido and narcissism. It is proved that the author's unconscious conflicts and repressed desires are transformed into artistic images and plot collisions, forming the narrative core of the work. An analysis of the evolution of the hero Pozdnyshev's libido reveals its stages, naturally leading to a tragic denouement. His narcissistic personality organization is examined, manifested in pathological egocentrism and delusional jealousy as a consequence of a deep crisis of self-identification. The article contributes to Tolstoy studies, revealing the work as a prophetic study of destructive passions and the tragedy of personality.

the aim of this study is to analyze the dialects of the Old Frisian language in the Germanic language area. Old Frisian is the youngest representative of the group of Old Germanic languages. However, as a language, it appeared a very long time ago, as evidenced by the surviving runic inscriptions in the vernacular. Based on the data obtained, it was established that there were several dialects in the Old Frisian language, which practically coincided with the diocesan division of Frisia, as mentioned by Frankish sources of the 8th century, and which is contained in ancient manuscripts dating back to the period between 400 and 800 AD. Each of the dialects is characterized by its own features that manifest themselves in phonology, morphology, morphology, and also have differences in vocabulary, which is confirmed by toponyms and personal names preserved in the modern language. The spread of varieties of the Frisian language today reflects the result of a long historical process. The Old Frisian language is so interesting and complex in many aspects that it attracts scientists from all over the world. The material for the presented work was the data of Russian and foreign linguists-philologists. The proposed material may be of interest to students and postgraduates studying the languages and dialects of the Germanic group.

human society distinguishes between verbal and nonverbal communication. Body language, as a nonverbal means of expressing emotions and feelings, possesses semantic diversity, performs various pragmatic functions, and also carries a vast amount of national and cultural information. However, compared to verbal language, the study of body language has not attracted sufficient attention from scholars in Russia or abroad. In this article, we examine body language in Russian and Chinese cultures and, based on an analysis of the results of relevant studies in this field, define the concept of “body language”. A method for classifying gestures is proposed, and their semantic characteristics and pragmatic functions are systematically analyzed. Meanwhile, specific examples are used to compare hand and head gestures commonly found in Russian and Chinese cultures in order to reveal the national and cultural specificity of body language. It is discovered that body language is a kind of means of communication that should not be ignored in interpersonal interactions, especially in intercultural communication.

this article examines the linguistic and cultural content of the artionym, in particular, the process of linguistic and cultural adaptation, as well as the specifics of the translation techniques (tactics) used in interpreting the names of paintings. The aim of the study was to identify semantic, stylistic and syntactic inconsistencies between the names of the Peredvizhniki paintings in the original and the translation in the process of linguistic and cultural adaptation. The authors also formulated a hypothesis: the names of the paintings of the Wanderers in Russian undergo semantic, stylistic, and syntactic changes in the process of their translation into English. At the same time, linguistic and cultural adaptation acquires shades of figurative euphemia or dysphemia. To confirm or refute the hypothesis, as well as to achieve the goal set in the framework of writing the work, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of the artionyms and their translations into English presented at the exhibition project "Peredvizhniki" in the State Tretyakov Gallery. According to the results of the study, it was possible to come to the conclusion that in the names of the Peredvizhniki paintings there is a syntactic, stylistic or semantic linguistic and cultural adaptation, characterized by episodes of characteristic dysphemia with a predominance of concretization with an increase in meaning, or a figurative leitmotif depicted on the canvas.

the presented article is written on a relevant topic. Its importance and timeliness are beyond any doubt. Artificial intelligence has become so firmly embedded in our lives that neither students of schools and universities, nor specialists in various fields of scientific or social life can do without it. This is briefly discussed at the very beginning of this article. Further, in the section "Results and discussions", in our opinion, the following points undoubtedly attract attention. Firstly, some of the theoretical provisions introduced into scientific circulation concern not only progressive humanity (which is obvious), but also Azerbaijan itself. Secondly, when moving on to the main aspect, any stylistic changes are wisely considered by the author both in the linguistic text (and, of course, it is always strictly scientific) and in modern fiction. This, of course, increases, so to speak, the cost of this work. Thirdly, it is very significant that the chosen topic is implemented at various language levels. Namely, the latest technological tools fall into the orbit of linguistic analysis, such as specialized block chats, chatbots, various ways of accessing Internet sites are described, etc. These operations are entirely consistent with the central problem, since AI is essentially a mechanized reaction of machine production to a human – embedded computer program. And these innovations are explained in sufficient detail here. Fourthly, the main focus of the entire work on linguistics nevertheless did not prevent the author from reflecting the methodological aspect.

the article analyzes the plot of the fairy tale which can be considered as the basis for creating one’s own text, since it uses the linguistic units of the original source and preserves the features of the national-and-mental representation of reality. Creating own text can be based on the plot. The plot can be considered as a cultural and mental phenomenon, the author’s vision of meta-concepts which reflect an integrated cultural environment and expanding the boundaries of subjectivity. The plot refers to the traditional cultural environment in its subjective form on the one hand and in its static national form of culture on the other. The plot strives for a different cultural picture of the world, while maintaining an understanding of the national-and-cultural basis of the cultural picture of the world. The research is aimed at studying the plot as a way to create own text. The description is carried out in a theoretical, practicaland algorithmic aspect based on the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. The results of the study are presented in the form of developing the algorithm for studying the plot in tabular form as a way to create own text based on linguistic, cultural and mental characteristics that are associated with national ones. The practical applicability of the results lies in the possibility of using the plot learning algorithm as a way to create one’s own text.

this article investigates the impact of the Russian language on the Turkish labor market in the context of a growing Russian-speaking diaspora and the commodification of language skills. The author examines the transformation of Turkey's linguistic landscape and the economic opportunities arising from knowledge of the Russian language. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the demand for Russian-speaking specialists in various sectors of the Turkish economy, as well as studying the mechanisms through which the Russian language becomes an asset in the labor market. The research covers the adaptation of Russian-speaking migrants, assesses their competitiveness, and identifies factors influencing their employment. The use of the Russian language in business communication, education, tourism, and the impact of these practices on the formation of new economic niches are also considered. Furthermore, the governmental policy aimed at supporting and integrating Russian-speaking migrants is analyzed. The study employs a comprehensive approach, combining the analysis of statistical data on migration, the analysis of job vacancies and advertisements in the labor market, and expert interviews with representatives of the business community and the Russian-speaking diaspora. The main findings of the study identify the growing economic significance of the Russian language in the Turkish labor market and determine the key factors influencing its commodification. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the impact of Russian-speaking migration on the transformation of the Turkish labor market and the identification of new economic opportunities associated with knowledge of the Russian language. A specific contribution of the author to the topic is the development of a model for assessing the economic potential of the Russian language in Turkey, taking into account factors such as the demand for Russian-speaking specialists, their competitiveness, and the impact on the development of individual sectors of the economy. The research shows that the Russian language is becoming an important competitive advantage for specialists in the fields of tourism, trade, education, and IT, and also contributes to the development of new business areas geared towards the Russian-speaking audience. The results of the study can be used to develop effective strategies for integrating Russian-speaking migrants into the Turkish economy, as well as to develop educational programs aimed at training specialists who speak Russian and are in demand in the labor market.

the main purpose of this article is to define the term text, as the existing description is misleading and does not answer the main question of what the text is, both linguistically and philosophically. To solve this problem, the authors propose an alternative, allegorical or figurative form of information presentation. Based on this, they came to the conclusion that text is a physical medium itself, which can be used as an object for storing and transmitting a volume of information with unlimited (symbolic and graphical) content, which carries information of a contractual nature with a common understanding for all participants.

the article deals with the features of communication in English-language social networks, where aggressive messages occupy a significant place. One of the forms of aggression explication are insults. The article considers a set of language tools that perform the function of expressing offensive intent in the context of conflict interaction in the Internet. The lexical, grammatical, and stylistic characteristics of linguistic means of insult are revealed and their communicative functions in online interaction are characterized. The methodology of this study is presented by a review of scientific works by domestic and foreign researchers on the issue under discussion. We have used a number of general scientific and special linguistic research methods, including conversational and contextual analysis of discourse to identify specific characteristics of verbalization of aggressive intentions using linguistic means. The key result of the scientific study of lexical units is the confirmation of the hypothesis of the dominance of speech aggression as the leading strategy of interpersonal communication in the English-speaking digital space.

the article is devoted to the study of the epithet functioning as a marker of social status in administrative discourse. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to study this linguistic category in the context of status-oriented communication. The aim of the study is to identify and comprehensively analyze the status-marking functions of the epithet in administrative discourse. The study identified and analyzed four main functions of the epithet in status-marked communication: attributive-classifying, figurative-artistic, emotive-evaluative and argumentative-persuasive. Practical analysis has shown that epithets in the speech of managers serve as an instrument of institutional dominance, a means of accumulating symbolic capital and a mechanism of discursive coercion. The obtained results testify to the transformation of the epithet from a means of artistic expression into an effective technique for constructing and maintaining power asymmetry in administrative discourse. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results in the field of corporate communications, in training managers, in teaching business English, as well as in the field of intercultural communication. The identified patterns can be used to develop practical recommendations for the effective use of epithets in managerial speech.

the article analyzes Graham Greene's novel "The Quiet American" (1955) as a metaprose text, the central issue of which is the exploration of the possibilities and limitations of writing in its relation to reality. The study argues that the novel consistently implements the "self-criticism of the word" – a key concept in M.M. Bakhtin's poetics – by reflecting on various discursive practices (news reporting, political treatise, poetry, private correspondence) and demonstrating their inadequacy or bias in attempting to adequately represent the complex political and cultural reality of Vietnam. The conflict between the main characters, the English journalist Fowler and the American diplomat Pyle, is interpreted not only as ideological or personal but also as epistemological: it reveals the contradiction between cynical disbelief in the representational potential of the text and its idealization.

this article analyzes the genre diversity of esports journalism in the Russian media space, using publications from escorenews.com between May 6 and May 12, 2024, as a case study. Russia was the first country in the world to officially recognize esports as a sport, and Russian players have achieved significant success in Dota 2 and Counter-Strike, stimulating the development of specialized media. The study considers esports journalism as a distinct branch of sports journalism and a new media phenomenon, where bloggers, live broadcasts, and social media play a central role. Using K.A. Alekseev’s classification, which includes both informational and analytical genres – information, video information, news item, statement, report, interview, reportage, commentary, discussion, press conference, review, conversation, and article – the content of 160 publications was analyzed. The most common genres were commentary, statement, and news item, while short informational materials and insider news were less frequent. Primary information sources included live streams, social media of experts, and other media outlets. The findings reveal characteristic features of the genre structure of esports media and highlight the specifics of their content production.