No 8 (2025)

this article examines the factors and mechanisms through which the Russian media audience perceives Azerbaijan via news agendas and analytical materials. The study is brought to relevance in the context of a changing geopolitical conjuncture and media landscape, where information becomes a strategic resource. The issue addressed in the paper lies in identifying the key elements that shape the image of Azerbaijan in the Russian media space, as well as in assessing the influence of information strategies on public consciousness. Methodologically, the study relies on a systematic analysis of news messages, content analysis of analytical materials, and qualitative interviews with experts in international relations and media communications. Special attention is paid to examining the structural features of information representation, the application of framing theory, and the agenda-setting effect, which together make it possible to trace the interrelation between media content and shifts in public perception. The choice of these methods is justified by their ability to comprehensively cover both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the phenomenon under study. The results indicate that the impact of news agendas on forming the image of Azerbaijan is a multi-stage process, in which the selection of topics, linguistic constructions, and the visual accompaniment of materials play a key role. The analysis demonstrated that the utilization of concepts of national identity and history significantly amplifies the influence on the audience, reinforcing either positive or negative stereotypes. Particular importance is attached to the balance between objectivity and subjective interpretation, which is capable of altering the tone and receptivity of informational messages.

the study is aimed at analyzing the phenomenon of the comic in audiovisual discourse and its transmission in audiovisual translation. A comprehensive approach was used, including a theoretical analysis of linguistic and cultural sources, a comparison of humor classifications, and an empirical analysis of contextual clusters at various levels of audiovisual texts. Key mechanisms for generating and transmitting the comic have been identified: the linguistic, visual, and auditory components; an integrative classification of techniques for conveying the comic with consideration of culture-specific factors has been proposed; and compromise strategies for adapting the comic in audiovisual translation have been substantiated. The developed classification system enriches the theory of audiovisual translation, broadens the understanding of humor’s polymodality; and the practical recommendations contribute to improving the quality of adapting comic elements.

this article examines the phenomenon of cross-cultural journalism, characterized by the peculiarities in presenting international events in the mass media of various countries. The aim of the study is to identify both the common and specific features of news coverage, as well as to develop a model of effective intercultural communication that promotes an objective perception of information. The introduction includes an analysis of the theoretical foundations of cross-cultural interaction in journalism, emphasizing the importance of considering cultural differences when creating media texts. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach that includes comparative text analysis, content analysis, and surveys among professional journalists, which has allowed for a high degree of reliability in the results. The use of interpretive and statistical methods has contributed to the systematization of data and the identification of patterns in the formation of news materials. The study's results demonstrate that national traditions, cultural stereotypes, and historical prerequisites have a significant impact on the structure and delivery of informational messages. The analysis revealed specific linguistic and stylistic features that vary depending on the social context and language environment, leading to different interpretations of the same events. At the same time, a tendency towards the standardization of global news formats is noted, yet local peculiarities continue to play an important role in shaping genre identity. The discussion of the results underscores the necessity of adaptive approaches in editorial practices, which foster the creation of a sustainable intercultural dialogue and help reduce bias in the media. Based on the findings, the author offers recommendations to improve media practice, aimed at increasing objectivity and balance in covering international events. Thus, this study expands the theoretical foundation in the field of international journalism, emphasizing the relationship between cultural traditions and modern media technologies, and promotes the development of ideas of equality and mutual understanding among nations.

this study is devoted to a stylistic analysis of the vocabulary of Telegram channels, focusing on the interaction between terminological vocabulary and slang terms. The introduction substantiates the relevance of studying language dynamics in Telegram as an environment where vocabulary is transformed under the influence of sociolinguistic factors, globalization, and English borrowings (e.g., reach, engagement rate). The author emphasizes the role of channel themes in forming unique stylistic patterns that combine professional terms with expressive elements to attract the audience. The Materials and Methods section describes the criteria for analysis: target audience, thematic orientation (finance, IT, lifestyle), and the frequency of use of terms and slang. Special attention is paid to the strategies of the authors – from adhering to literary norms to deliberately breaking them to create an informal tone. Trends towards abbreviations ("chel", "chill") and borrowings that form the "micro-styles" of the channels have been identified. The results demonstrate a predominance of mixed vocabulary (over 45% in all themes), confirming a balance between the precision of terms and the expressiveness of slang. In technical channels (ML/AI, DevOps), terminology constitutes up to 90% of the vocabulary, whereas in game design and "other themes" slang dominates (24-27%). Emotionally charged units (for example, "ulet" – 8.77 on the expressiveness scale) enhance engagement, while Anglicisms (backend, API) remain unadapted. Frequency tables illustrate the leadership of technical terms (backend – 97.04 occurrences) and high variability in the spelling of slang terms ("prereliz" – 4.26% errors). The discussion underlines the functions of vocabulary: creating group identity, emotional impact, and content virality. Closed channels form unique "lexical codes," while open channels influence overall language trends. In the conclusion, the author notes the contextual dependence of vocabulary, the necessity of taking into account irony, visual elements (emoji), and the dynamics of channel development. Prospects for future research include the analysis of jargon migration between platforms and the application of corpus linguistics methods.

the article is devoted to the peculiarities of translating social advertising from Russian into English using the example of the Moscow Longevity program. The linguistic, cultural and communicative aspects of the translation of advertising materials aimed at the elderly are considered. The main focus is on choosing the optimal translation strategy that helps preserve the meaning, emotional tone, and motivation of the original message. The article examines such issues as the consideration of national stereotypes, ethnocultural nuances, the influence of age characteristics of the audience on the perception of information. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach, combining analysis of secondary sources, expert assessments by marketing and intercultural communication specialists, surveys among the target audience and experimental verification of proposed translations. Practical recommendations are proposed for adapting key images, symbols, and terms used in the Moscow Longevity program in order to increase the effectiveness of broadcasting the social message to foreign audiences. It is shown that the correct translation of social advertising helps to effectively convey the values and meanings of Russian society to international partners and helps to increase the level of mutual understanding and trust between peoples. The conclusion is made about the need for an integrated approach to the translation of social advertising, including knowledge of cultural studies, psychology and marketing.

the relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that new technologies are able to increase sales, increase purchasing power, increase the profitability of campaigns in the market. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of perspective directions of development of new communication technologies in order to increase the efficiency of distance selling in China. The article investigates the impact of new technologies (artificial intelligence, 5G, digital avatars) on the transformation of media communications in the field of distance selling in China. It analyzes the key formats of interaction with consumers, including interactive broadcasts with virtual assistants, as well as the benefits and risks of digitalization of marketing strategies. Particular attention is paid to the role of AI in personalizing advertising and improving the efficiency of online commerce. Using data for 2024, it shows that innovation has contributed to a 47% increase in distance selling in China.

this article is devoted to the analysis of individual-authorial images present in the language of modern English-language online media. The authors of the article attempt to analyze the motivation for turning to such images and determine the emotional response they cause in the audience, according to the emotional impact scale. The article presents examples from articles published between March and May 2025, devoted to US policy. The presented observations can contribute to the development of the concept of information warfare and the role of metaphorical images as a tool of soft power.

this article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of integrated digital communications in the context of brand promotion. The study is based on an analysis of current statistics and scientific publications by Russian and foreign authors for the period 2023-2025. The paper examines the evolution of digital marketing channels, the role of artificial intelligence in shaping personalized communication strategies, as well as the impact of technological innovations on consumer behavior. Special attention is paid to analyzing the effectiveness of various digital platforms and integrated marketing communication tools. The results of the study demonstrate a significant increase in the use of social networks, search advertising and video content in the structure of digital communications. The trend towards the dominance of artificial intelligence as a key tool for optimizing marketing processes has been revealed. The data obtained can be used by marketing specialists to form effective strategies for digital brand promotion. The presented work contributes to the theory of integrated communications and offers practical recommendations on the optimal mix of digital tools.

an approach for quantitative reconstruction of literary characters' social roles using graph neural networks is developed. A multilingual corpus (~40 works) of classical prose in Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean is compiled. Automated processing includes character graph extraction and application of Graph Neural Networks (GCN, GAT) for role classification. Integration with a large language model in GraphRAG scheme provides result interpretation. The graph model correctly identifies central characters with 92% accuracy. Cross-cultural differences are revealed: Russian novels demonstrate centralized networks around the protagonist, while East Asian texts show more distributed structures. Speech form analysis revealed correlation between character status and honorific usage (?, ?, "Вы"). The approach is applicable for digital hermeneutics, educational applications, and publishing analytics. For the first time, cross-cultural quantitative analysis of literary networks using GNN is performed.

the purpose of the research is this study is to examine the mechanisms of linguistic encryption as an element of intercultural communication, combined with a diachronic analysis of the evolutionary changes in cryptographic principles from ancient methods to modern technologies. The objectives of this work include analyze of the evolutionary changes in linguistic and mathematical aspects of encoding together with the identification of the intercultural communication role in improving linguistic encryption methods. The research employs methods of communicative analysis, including representation, semiotic modeling, text encoding and decoding, as well as historical-comparative analysis of cryptographic algorithms. The author emphasizes the crucial role of linguistic encryption in ensuring data confidentiality. Modeling of encoding processes based on the fundamental principles of the Caesar cipher, the Vigen?re square, and the Enigma machine revealed a direct correlation between the complexity of information processing algorithms and the technological and socio-historical stage of societal development. Linguistic encryption, as a language-based tool for intercultural communication, lies at the intersection of linguistics, cryptography, and information theory. This interdisciplinary nature suggests that the study's findings can be applied to developing educational and methodological materials for future research bridging linguistics, mathematics, and computer science.

this study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the features of gender worldview representation in Russian and English linguocultures at various levels of linguistic structure. The relevance of the work stems from the importance of understanding the culture-specific mechanisms of gender construction through language for effective intercultural communication and the overcoming of stereotypes. The aim of the study is to identify and systematize the specific traits of gender representation at the lexical, grammatical, and stylistic levels in both languages, as well as to determine how these differences are conditioned by cultural factors. The research methodology is based on the principles of comparative-contrastive analysis, linguistic cultural studies, and gender linguistics. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on corpora of texts of different functional styles (fiction, media, colloquial speech) in Russian and English. The main focus was on identifying and comparing gender-marked vocabulary, the specifics of grammatical categories (gender, articles, pronouns), and stylistic devices related to the expression of gender. The results of the study revealed significant differences between the two linguocultures. At the lexical level, English shows a greater tendency to neutralize gender markers in job titles, whereas Russian retains a pronounced grammatical gender category that influences nomination. The grammatical analysis confirmed the importance of the gender category in Russian for the obligatory indication of the referent’s sex and the emergence of gender-neutral pronouns as a developing phenomenon in English. At the stylistic level, differences were found in the use of metaphors, epithets, and evaluative expressions when describing individuals of different sexes, reflecting cultural stereotypes.

South Korea's media culture is becoming increasingly recognizable and popular with a global audience. The article examines the main elements of the "Korean wave": dramas, digital South Korean comics (webtoons), the K-pop music genre, the Naver Webtoon media platform. The features, reasons for popularity, history of development, and problems of the South Korean digital comics industry are analyzed. The interaction of Russian and South Korean publishers and representatives of the e-book market is analyzed, and the tendency of Russian publishers to produce printed formats of South Korean webtoons is revealed. The most popular webtoons among the Russian audience are identified, their thematic focus is analyzed. As a result of the research, webtoons can be called a global cultural phenomenon of our time, uniting millennials and zoomers around the world.

the present work is aimed at studying the lexical-semantic and pragmatic linguistic markers of the diplomatic media discourse of Russia and China. The chosen goal is due to the fact that such linguistic markers are important for constructing and understanding meanings in the process of interstate communication. In the course of our work, we solved such problems as analyzing scientific literature in the field of diplomatic media discourse, identifying and systematizing lexical-semantic and pragmatic linguistic markers and conducting a comparative analysis with the identification of similarities and differences that are significant for understanding. The methodological apparatus included such scientific methods as lexical-semantic and pragmatic analysis of diplomatic media discourse texts in both languages, as well as comparative analysis. The results showed that the lexical-semantic linguistic markers of the Chinese and Russian languages have both similar and different elements of implementation. At the same time, the pragmatics of both types of discourse bears significant differences. When examining such pragmatic elements as the degree of directness of the message, the categories “I – we – you – you – they”, and the so-called “face-saving strategies”, it was revealed that the Chinese diplomatic media discourse is built on the principles of indirectness, face-saving and harmony, while the Russian-language one is built on the principles of directness, logic and integrity. The results we obtained can become the basis for creating teaching materials for students studying in such areas as “International Relations”, “Oriental Studies” and “Intercultural Communication”.

this article examines the role of Russian online media and social media in the formation and transformation of the image of Azerbaijan among Runet users during the period from 2000 to 2025. The study analyzed publications and comments concerning the political, cultural, and economic aspects that contribute to the formation of a dichotomous image of the country. The aim of the research is to identify the key factors influencing the perception of Azerbaijan by Russian media and audiences, as well as to determine the mechanisms through which public opinion is transformed under the influence of information technologies. The methodological framework of the study includes a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The research utilized content analysis, network analysis, and comparative analysis of publications, which allowed tracing the dynamics of the formation of Azerbaijan’s image in the information space. Data were collected from the archives of online media and social media platforms, ensuring the representativeness of the sample. The obtained results show that the information strategy of Russian online media often tends to present Azerbaijan in a negative or contradictory light, which is determined by both geopolitical interests and the internal socio-cultural biases of the audience. Data analysis indicates that in recent years there has been a change in the nature of informational impact – from the dominance of negative narratives to a more balanced approach, which positively affects the overall perception of the country. Discussion of the results leads to the conclusion regarding the significant influence of the media on the formation of public opinion, as well as the necessity for further research on the mechanisms of informational influence in an intercultural context. The work contributes to the understanding of communication strategies in the digital technology era and holds practical value for professionals in the fields of mediation and political science, influencing the formation of their own policies in the information sphere.

the study focuses on developing a pedagogical model for predicting and preventing risky behavior among students in the educational environment. Based on a comprehensive analysis, key patterns of deviant behavior among youth have been identified, including gender differences, academic adaptation issues, and communication difficulties in parent-child relationships. Special attention is given to methodological aspects of pedagogical forecasting, including the development and testing of the "Educational Environment Risk Assessment" methodology. The practical significance of the study lies in proposing differentiated approaches to organizing preventive work aimed at improving the system of psychological and pedagogical support, optimizing interactions with parents, and creating a safe educational environment. The research findings can be used in developing programs for preventing risky behavior in educational institutions of various levels.

the article discusses modern approaches to the development of individual speech therapy trajectories for preschool children with speech disabilities based on the use of a digital educational environment. The relevance of the research is due to the need to increase the effectiveness of speech therapy work in the context of digitalization of education. The purpose of the article is to present approaches to the development of individual trajectories of speech therapy for children with speech disabilities based on the use of a digital educational environment. The authors analyze techniques and tools that provide a personalized approach to correctional work, as well as the role of digital technologies in improving the effectiveness of speech therapy for children with speech disabilities. The article also presents the results of the introduction of digital resources into the practice of speech therapists and discusses the prospects for their use in preschool educational organizations in order to provide the most effective speech therapy for preschool children with speech disabilities. Based on the conducted research, the authors offer practical recommendations for speech therapists working in preschool institutions with children with speech disabilities in terms of their use of the digital educational environment in building individual trajectories of speech therapy for preschoolers.

the relevance of this study is due to the need to improve the effectiveness of physical education classes in pedagogical universities. In the context of decreasing physical activity among students, it is especially important to determine which types of physical activity most effectively contribute to the development of physical qualities. A comparison of gymnastics and volleyball classes allows us to identify their specific effects on physical development and the training of future teachers. The aim of the study is an experimental comparison of the effectiveness of gymnastics and volleyball classes among students of a pedagogical university. The object of the study is the training process in gymnastics and volleyball with students of a pedagogical university. The subject of the study is the methodology of physical training of students at a pedagogical university. The research hypothesis assumes that the results of physical fitness obtained after completing a course of gymnastics and volleyball classes will differ depending on the nature of the physical activity. The results of the experimental study demonstrate an overall improvement in physical fitness, as well as an increase in proficiency in performing gymnastic exercises and playing volleyball. The comparative analysis showed a more significant improvement in endurance and speed-strength qualities among students who practiced volleyball. At the same time, students in the gymnastics group outperformed in tests of flexibility and movement coordination. The study confirmed that gymnastics and volleyball have different effects on the development of students' physical qualities. The results emphasize the need for a differentiated approach when planning the training process. This allows for more effective development of the physical fitness of future educators in accordance with the goals and objectives of the educational program.

the article attempts to clarify the features of the formation of functional literacy of modern schoolchildren in the era of digital transformation, including in the field of education. The purpose of the work is to identify and clarify the features of the formation of functional literacy of schoolchildren in the context of the digital transformation of education. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved in the work: the concept of functional literacy was considered and approaches to this concept in the modern world were identified; the main components of functional literacy were considered.; The experience of the formation of functional literacy in scientific works and publications of modern authors is summarized; the features of the formation of functional literacy of schoolchildren through the prism of digital transformation of education through empirical research are analyzed. To achieve the goals and solve the research tasks, the author uses methods of collecting and processing theoretical material, empirical methods (diagnostics of the features of the formation of functional literacy of schoolchildren in the context of digital transformation of education), as well as a comprehensive assessment of the materials obtained. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to use digital technologies in the educational process and the possibility of their use in the process of forming functional literacy of schoolchildren. The article will be of interest to teachers, as well as students of pedagogical faculties engaged in research activities.

the article presents a cross-sectional analysis of the positive emotional experiences of 4,374 Russian university students (average age 20.2±3.2 years) using an online questionnaire. The content analysis of the open responses allowed us to systematize the data into 14 thematic categories and identify 66.7% of informative responses, while 33.3% of respondents found it difficult to identify positive events. The educational sphere took the lead (15.6% of responses; 95% confidence interval: 13.6-16.2%), which indicates the interiorization of professional values and motivation to study. The second most important place was taken by social ties (family 11.0% and friends 10.3%), reflecting the students' collectivist value orientations. The Shannon index entropy of responses was 0.78, indicating a high variability in the sources of positive experiences. Additional categories, such as travel (7.8%) and socio-political events (4.5%), indicate the diversity of youth's adaptive resources and the need to take interdisciplinary factors into account when developing pedagogical strategies. The revealed ratios demonstrate the balance of individualistic and collectivistic priorities (ratio 1:1.65) and indicate the need to integrate emotional competence development programs into the educational process. The research results can serve as a basis for improving the methodology and technologies of vocational education for students of various specialties.

this article examines the role of digital technologies in developing project competencies among students in the “Media Communications” program. The authors emphasize that the digital transformation of education is fundamentally changing the learning process, making it more aligned with the real needs of the media industry. Digital platforms (collaboration tools, cloud services, social networks) expand access to information and interaction formats, enabling students to develop teamwork skills, role distribution, strategic planning, and deadline management. Special attention is paid to the integration of modern technologies: virtual and augmented reality tools for creating interactive simulations and testing ideas; analytical tools (including big data and machine learning) for audience research and project effectiveness evaluation; and multimedia software for comprehensive content production. The paper analyzes key aspects of project activities enhanced by digital solutions. It notes the growth of creative thinking, visual storytelling ability, critical information analysis, and media literacy. The importance of a practice-oriented approach through industry collaboration (engaging experts, participating in hackathons, working on real cases) is highlighted, as it boosts student motivation and accountability. However, the authors also identify significant challenges: insufficient methodological readiness of instructors for systematic technology integration; the need to develop students’ self-directed learning skills and critical tool selection; and ethical risks (copyright, data security). The article stresses the importance of balancing technological possibilities with the development of fundamental competencies—strategic thinking, emotional intelligence, content responsibility, and reflective capacity. It concludes that digital technologies, when methodically integrated into project-based learning, become an integral part of preparing competitive professionals capable of innovation and adaptation in a dynamic media environment.

the relevance of building a model of formation of meta-educational results of students of modern lyceums, which are part of the structure of classical universities, is due to the need for psychological and pedagogical substantiation of the search for optimal ways to develop a unified scientific and educational environment “Lyceum – classical university”. The aim of the article is to build a structural and functional model of the formation of meta-subject learning outcomes of lyceum students in a unified scientific and educational environment “Lyceum – classical university”, aimed at the formation of students' meta-subject competencies, the development of functional literacy as a meta-subject result, preparedness for productive learning in higher education. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the project approach, the research methods chosen are theoretical (study and analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, comparison, contrast; modeling); empirical (observation of the activities of modern lyceums, which are part of the structure of classical universities; survey and questionnaire survey of lyceum teachers). The main blocks of the model are described: target, theoretical-methodological, content-processual, technological and evaluation-corrective, the interaction of which will ensure the results corresponding to the stated goal.

modern education is faced with the need to transform teaching methods in the context of digitalization and increasing demands on the professional training of students in economics. This article is devoted to the analysis and practical understanding of innovative forms of learning — the case method, educational simulations and digital platforms. The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of effectiveness and the level of students' perception of these approaches in the process of mastering economic disciplines. During the empirical stage, a comparative analysis of the results of academic performance and engagement of students who studied using innovative forms, compared with traditional methods, was carried out. The article contains a justification of the results, a discussion of success factors and recommendations for the introduction of innovative forms in the educational process. The materials can be useful for teachers, methodologists, and developers of educational programs.

in the modern world, students of pedagogical universities face many challenges, including prolonged stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can negatively affect their intellectual development and professional training. This article examines the psychological mechanisms underlying the effects of stress and PTSD on cognitive functions, and suggests scientifically sound approaches to creating conditions for the development of students' intellectual abilities in such conditions. Special attention is paid to the role of the educational environment, psychological support and individual stress management strategies.

the issue of communication barriers in the professional activities of higher education teachers has gained particular significance in the current context—amid ongoing institutional reforms, intensive digital transformations in education, and a widening sociocultural and generational gap between educators and students. The purpose of this article is to identify the causes and prerequisites of persistent communication difficulties in the academic environment, classify their types, and propose evidence-based strategies for overcoming these obstacles at different levels of pedagogical interaction. The author describes communication barriers as a systemically conditioned phenomenon arising at the intersection of the teacher's personal characteristics, the specifics of the academic environment, and broader social transformations. It is noted that the scientific literature remains fragmented in its approaches—some authors focus on individual psychological aspects, while others limit themselves to describing structural determinants without integrating them into a unified model. Additionally, the majority of existing studies overlook the dynamic and adaptive nature of pedagogical communication, often reducing it to a formalized exchange of information. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the article identifies key types of communication barriers (ranging from stage fright and negative biases to perfectionism and imitation effects) and examines their underlying mechanisms. The study also explores aspects of adaptive pedagogical interaction and proposes an original modeling system designed to prevent and correct professional deformations. The practical significance of the research lies in its recommendations, which are justified by their novelty. These include rapid diagnostics of audience readiness, a communicative portfolio strategy, and a supervision support system tailored for educators operating under high communicative stress. The findings will be useful to higher education specialists, teachers, methodologists, professional development program organizers, and developers of digital tools for educators.

the purpose of the article is to study the legal regulation of derivative financial instruments (PFIs) in the Russian financial market. To achieve this goal, the research implements the solution of such tasks as identifying the definition, types and functional purpose of PFI in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to the use of digital financial assets (CFAs) as the underlying assets of PFI and related regulatory challenges. Based on the analysis of the norms of the Federal Law "On the Securities Market", the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the legislation on the CFA and scientific papers, key problems in the field of legal regulation of derivative financial instruments are identified. The author highlights the lack of integration of Russian legislation with international standards, the complexity of the legal qualification of certain types of PFI, regulatory uncertainty regarding derivative financial instruments with an underlying asset in the form of digital financial assets, issues of protecting the rights of unqualified investors and law enforcement issues as the most pressing problems. In conclusion, specific proposals are formulated to improve legislation and law enforcement practice in order to create a balanced, effective and stable regulatory environment for the Russian PFI market.

the aim of the research is studying causes of fictitiousness of legal norms in the context of relation between the law and legislation, a norm of the law and a juridical norm. The research tasks: firstly, to analyze the basic doctrines of relation between the law and legislation, i.e. legal positivism and the nature law theory; secondly, detection of causes of formulating legal norms which are not deemed norms of the law expressed in the terms of the libertarian-legal theory and their influence upon application of other rules in the law system; thirdly, to analyze causes of fictitiousness of norms in legal acts adopting at different levels of law-making and deeming the rules of the law within the context of the research; fourthly, studying law-enforcement practice and measures taking by government and other authorities for ensuring human and citizen rights and freedoms. The research results can be applied for considering factors in cause of which legal norms can be fictive and possible ways of prevention formulating norms which are not deemed as rules of the law or situations when rules of the law are not applied in cause of unperfect juridical technique or other problems. The findings of the research can aid in increasing effectiveness of the legal regulation.

the article is dedicated to the analysis of problems arising in the process of organizing independent expert evaluations by the Financial Consumer Ombudsman. The author examines the role of this institution within the system of alternative dispute resolution, as well as the difficulties encountered in exercising the Ombudsman’s powers to appoint and conduct expert assessments, particularly in cases related to auto insurance. The study identifies gaps and unresolved issues in the current legislation, and highlights contradictions between the interpretation of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Ombudsman’s practice of appointing expert evaluations, and repeated expert examinations conducted by courts. The normative and practical dimensions of the Ombudsman's activities are assessed. The author substantiates the need to establish unified methodological approaches and procedural standards for interaction with the expert community. Official reports, clarifications issued by judicial authorities, and specific legal cases are used as the empirical basis. The study concludes with recommendations on legally formalizing additional guarantees for the independence of expert evaluations appointed by the Financial Consumer Ombudsman, along with concrete policy proposals.

in the context of comprehensive sanctions imposed by the West on Russia, the "Pivot to the East" strategy has become a key vector of Russian foreign policy. China, as one of the world leaders in digital technologies, occupies a central place in this strategy. This article analyzes the political significance of digital interaction between China and Russia, with an emphasis on its effectiveness and impact in technological, institutional and geopolitical dimensions. Through a study of the political prerequisites for the "Pivot to the East", an assessment of China's role in the implementation of this strategy and an analysis of the current state and challenges of digital cooperation, it is concluded that the digital sphere is becoming a new driver in the development of Russian-Chinese relations and plays a strategic role in the formation of an alternative – non-Western – model of international interaction. At the same time, it highlights such obstacles as structural imbalances, lack of institutional coherence and external uncertainty, which require both countries to build a sustainable, institutionalized and trust-based partnership model. The article argues that digital cooperation between China and Russia is not only of economic but also of political and strategic significance, reflecting institutional competition and the reorganization of the global governance system.

this article provides a comprehensive legal analysis of administrative regulations and the procedure for conducting inspections within the framework of state control (supervision) in the field of entrepreneurial activity. The study is aimed at identifying regulatory conflicts between general and special rules governing supervisory activities, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of existing procedures. Special attention is paid to the problems related to legal uncertainty when initiating unscheduled inspections, inconsistency of departmental regulations, insufficient formalization of the appeal procedure, as well as the digital transformation of control procedures. The article provides an article-by-article analysis of the key provisions of Federal Law No. 294-FZ and a comparison of its norms with the provisions of other sectoral acts. Official statistics and judicial practice are also used. Based on the identified problems, the author suggests ways to improve legislation, including the unification of regulations, specifying the grounds for inspections, strengthening digital guarantees, and developing mechanisms for prosecutorial supervision. The practical significance of the study is to substantiate regulatory and organizational changes aimed at ensuring the rights of business entities and increasing the predictability of supervisory measures.

the article explores the theoretical and practical problems of recognizing the prejudicial power of foreign judicial acts in private international law (PJM). A fundamental conflict is analyzed between the doctrine of territorial sovereignty (requiring mandatory exequatur to give a decision a prejudicial effect) and the doctrine of international politeness (allowing automatic recognition of prejudice based on mutual respect of legal systems). The compromise doctrine of reciprocity, enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany, is critically assessed, which in practice faces difficulties in proving and the risk of arbitrary court decisions. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of "double prejudice" - a situation in which conflicting judicial acts of different states claim truth, which undermines the principle of legal certainty and leads to economic losses. As a solution, a differentiated model based on the functional heterogeneity of prejudicial facts is proposed.