No 11 (2024)

The subject of this study is the punctuation rules for compound sentences as presented in two sources: the 1956 “Rules of Russian Orthography and Punctuation” and the “Complete Academic Handbook” edited by V. V. Lopatin. The objective is to examine the different approaches to presenting punctuation rules for compound sentences in these two sources, as well as their impact on user comprehension and practical application. The author carefully explores aspects such as the grouping of all punctuation rules, the terminology used in formulating rules, the structure and presentation of rules for compound sentences, (non)correspondence between examples and rules, consistency within each source, and completeness in accounting for exceptions and complex cases. Special attention is given to the differences in how each source represents rules for complex cases, the explanatory methods for examples, and their influence on the precision of rule application for users. The methodology of this study includes a comparative analysis of the punctuation rules for compound sentences found in these two sources, focusing on rule structure and formulation, terminology, and example correspondence. The scientific novelty lies in the comparative analysis of the formulations and systematization of punctuation rules for compound sentences across two key reference sources, the 1956 Rules and the Complete Academic Handbook (PAS), each representing different stages in the development of Russian written language norms. This study reveals shifts in rule presentation and codification principles and identifies the challenges users face when interpreting norms from each source. The study’s findings indicate that PAS offers a more flexible, detailed system with scientific commentary, simplifying understanding and application of rules in modern contexts.

This research addresses the automated translation of Chinese political discourse into Russian utilizing Large Language Model (LLM) optimization technologies and a multi-agent approach. The study focuses on developing the MAGIC-PTF system, which implements multi-stage text processing through the interaction of four specialized agents. The system's key component is the Style Agent, which ensures stylistic uniformity and terminological accuracy based on a specifically trained LLM. The Translator Agent performs the primary translation work and is responsible for the final text formatting. The Editor Agent conducts multi-level verification and correction of translations, considering linguistic, semantic, and cultural aspects. The Reader Agent analyzes the text from the target audience's perspective, evaluating its reception by native Russian speakers. The methodology integrates LLM optimization technologies and a multi-agent approach, with experimental testing conducted on the fourth volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China" and its official Russian translation. The study includes a comprehensive analysis of system effectiveness using the COMET metric and comparative testing with existing machine translation platforms. The research's scientific novelty lies in developing a methodology for applying LLMs to specialized translation tasks and creating an effective coordination mechanism for intelligent agents in the translation process. Experimental research demonstrated MAGIC-PTF's superiority over traditional machine translation systems in key parameters: terminological accuracy, stylistic consistency, and preservation of culture-specific elements in political discourse. The developed system opens new possibilities for automated translation of political discourse and can be adapted for translating other specialized text types, confirming its significance for modern translation technology development. Of particular value is the system's scalability and adaptability to various language pairs and discourse types, creating prospects for further development in automated specialized text translation. The research findings also contribute to advancing the theory and practice of LLM application in professional translation.

This article is devoted to subordinating conjunctions, in particular conditional and causal conjunctions, which have two semantic valences – the valence of condition or cause and the valence of effect. These conjunctions can be used in two types of sentences: in sentences where both valences of conjunctions are expressed explicitly, and in sentences where one of the valences is not expressed. At the same time, the content of the valence can be information related to different levels of the semantics of the sentence – to the propositional and to the pragmatic levels. The propositional level is formed by information about the situation called by the sentence, and the pragmatic level consists of meanings reflecting various aspects of the speech situation. The pragmatic level, in particular, includes such semantic components as illocutionary, epistemic and metatextual. Thus, the subject of the study is the types of conjunctions usage, distinguished depending on how their valences are expressed and what their content is. When describing the constructions, we used the method that is applied to the analysis of linguistic units expressing various subjective meanings. This method consists in explicating the features of the speech situation related to the use of a given language unit (the speaker's evaluation of the denoted situation, information about it or his/her own utterance) and taking them into account when characterizing its meaning. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic approach to the analysis of subordinating conjunctions, which is based on the identification and classification of their usage depending on the level of semantic relations. Thus, in sentences with subordinating conjunctions (especially conditional and causal conjunctions) the valences of conjunctions differ in the way of expression and the level of semantics. This allows us to distinguish four types of conjunctions usage: propositional, illocutionary, epistemic and metatextual.

The purpose of the article is to determine the semantic structure and features of the functioning of the means of expressing the proper multiple meaning as one of the subtypes of iterative repetition in the Yakut language. The object of the study is the semantics of an accurate or inaccurate quantitative account of situations. The subject of study is the so-called circumstances of multiplicity or counting complex. Based on the material of the Yakut language, the author, following I. B. Dolinina, adheres to the proposed terminology and suggests considering such cases of repeatability as an independent particular meaning of the iterative type of multiplicity. The main attention in identifying the semantic varieties of this meaning is paid to the use of such quantification features as certainty/uncertainty of the amount of repeatability and its limitation/unlimited. Depending on the correlation of these signs and the intensity of their manifestation, a list of representatives for each of them is determined. The main research method is functional–semantic, which uses the approach "from semantics to its formal expression" when describing linguistic material. Textual examples in the Yakut language are given using the method of morphemic glossing. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of the means of expression and the allocation of varieties of the actual multiple meaning, which had not previously become the subject of special research in Yakut linguistics. During the analysis of the functioning of adverbs with the semantics of multiplicity or counting, the methods of formation of representatives characteristic of each of the three subtypes of the actual multiple meaning (affixal, by reduplication and combination with the countable element "togul") were established. As an additional conclusion, we can cite the revealed dependence of the definition of the value in question on the temporal form of the predicate (statements with circumstances of multiplicity with a predicate in the form of the present-future and imperfect acquire habitual semantics). The theoretical significance of the results of this study is determined by the contribution to the study of the functional and semantic category of the aspectuality of the Yakut language, and may also be of interest for comparative and typological work in this field. Their practical significance is related to the possibility of their application in lexicographic and translation practice.

A medical poster is a polycode text of medical discourse, the main purpose of which is to inform the participant in the medical discourse, first of all, the patient, about the existence, characteristic features, peculiarities of the course, solution and consequences of any medical problem. The object of the study is the polycode text of a French medical poster; the subject of the study is genre features of a medical poster in French, considered at the level of thematic diversity, repeating verbal and visual tools, and features of the use of paralinguistic means. The article is a fragment of a study of several genres of medical discourse, which are represented by polycode texts (medical poster, meme, demotivator, advertising), made on the material of Russian, French and Arabic languages. The analysis of the polycode text of a medical poster in French was carried out on 100 texts in French obtained by continuous sampling from the Internet. The novelty of the study is the appeal to the medical poster from the point of view of genre characteristics in the context of medical discourse. The analysis of French medical posters revealed the frequency of posters about cancer symptoms, diagnosis, types of treatment, and prevention; prevention and treatment of Covid-19. A feature of the verbal level is the choice of communicative strategy and its grammatical design in relation to child and adult recipients; inclusion of current vocabulary in the text, including neologisms, as well as preference for repeating a certain structure when organizing the verbal component of a polycode text. At the visual level, French medical posters are characterized by the frequent use of pictures and diagrams and work with color. The basis for constructing a polycode text of a medical poster is the complementary connection between the visual and verbal components.

The aim of the work: to identify the linguistic and linguacultural features of the actualization of the comic effect using the example of German-language and Russian-language material on the Internet. The subject of the study is the linguistic and linguacultural features of humor, presented primarily on the material of memes, jokes and some other genres available on the Internet. Knowledge of the linguacultural specifics of humor helps to implement successful intercultural communication and avoid communication errors. Material, methods, methodology of the research: examples of actualization of humor on various German-language Internet sites and Internet platforms with the addition of individual examples from the Russian language were selected as the research material. Semantic analysis and the method of identifying the meaning of words in a specific context (contextual analysis) were used as the main research methods. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, using the material of the German and Russian languages, an insufficiently studied topic of actualization of various types of humorous effect on the Internet is analyzed, primarily through memes and jokes, as well as in various humorous television shows, its linguistic and linguacultural features are revealed in various types of discourse - political, advertising, social. Conclusions: The study of humor on the Internet is of great research interest, as it helps to understand humor, to identify not only its linguistic features, but also some features of the mentality and culture of the country, which must be taken into account in intercultural communication in order to avoid stereotypes and not make communicative mistakes. Scope of application of the material: speech practice when working with students studying German, when teaching courses in lexicology and stylistics, when preparing a special course on the topic “Linguistic and linguacultural specifics of humor on the Internet.”

Comics as a kind of creolized text can quite often be a marker of an era. The reflection of a particular historical period can manifest itself in a creolized text either explicitly or more covertly. For example, it may be a cartoon pointing to corruption in a particular country and thereby demonstrating a specific problem. Along with this, the researcher can pay attention to such details as the language of the text written on a poster or in an advertisement, which can say a lot about the course of the policy pursued by the authorities within the state. Thus, comics in particular are of great interest to the history of journalism, since, along with other types of creolized text, they are both literally and figuratively an illustration of a particular period. The object of the study is comics published in Arab countries in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries; The subject of the study is the reflection of the socio-political processes of that time in comics. To achieve the set goals and objectives, the following methods of scientific research are used in the work: the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the method of induction, the method of generalization. In the course of the conducted research, it was found out that the history of Arabic-language comics originates in the late 1940s in Egypt – this country has long been the main center of comic book creation and only eventually shared this role with Lebanon.Comics as a genre and comics as an extremely important source for historians have not lost their relevance. Moreover, as a plastic mass, it is ready and has all the possibilities to exist in the realities of today, when the speed of modern technologies is prohibitive. There are a huge variety of platforms for both publishing and reading comics. Various gadget apps and social networks help authors find their audience. Artificial intelligence, in relation to which a large amount of both fears and hopes have already been expressed, certainly also does not stand aside and will participate in the creation of comics.

Modern society is characterized by active transformations in the field of gender relations, which is reflected in various social institutions, including the media. The object of the study is the influence of business media on public opinion and perception of gender issues. Subject of the study: value guidelines in articles on gender issues. In this context, the question of how the business media of St. Petersburg influence the public understanding of gender relations in the context of key legal values, such as equality and justice, is of particular relevance. Objective of the study: using a comprehensive content analysis, including qualitative and quantitative research, to determine the place of articles on gender issues in the materials of the regional business journal "Delovoy Peterburg". Using the content analysis method, a qualitative study was conducted and primary data on the representation of women in the regional business publication in 2023-2024 were presented. The results obtained indicate that gender issues are gradually entering the information agenda; we can talk about the phenomenon of editorial gender policy. Content analysis of publications of the business publication Delovoy Peterburg showed that the number of articles written by women and men is balanced. However, analysis of expert opinions presented in the publications showed a significant preponderance of comments by men over women (72 versus 22). This “imbalance” of expert opinions can contribute to the preservation of gender stereotypes and limitation of career opportunities for women. Analysis of article headlines on gender topics revealed the presence of certain gender stereotypes and emphasis on gender inequality, which hinders the formation of a culture of gender literacy. In the future, attention to the topic of gender equality on the part of business media has the potential to transform gender stereotypes.

The article analyzes the role and importance of digital communications in the e-commerce segment in Russia. The main object of the research is the current trends and digital marketing tools used by online stores to increase customer loyalty and engagement. The study highlights the importance of personalizing interaction with the audience through social media, email marketing, SEO, native advertising and other ways of digital and convergent interaction. Special attention is paid to the impact of mobile technologies on the growth of the e-commerce market. The work also focuses on the prospects for further development of digital communications in the face of growing competition and constant changes in the needs of the audience. First of all, the research is focused on the specifics of the Russian digital communications market, but taking into account the experience and practice of foreign companies and audiences. Based on the analysis of secondary data, statistical indicators are considered, such as the growth of the e-commerce market in Russia, the share of online orders via mobile devices, as well as data on consumer behavior based on research conducted by Online Market Intelligence, Romir and others. The scientific novelty of this study lies in a detailed analysis of modern digital communication methods used in the Russian segment of e-commerce, taking into account the influence of mobile technologies and the specifics of the Russian market. The study shows the uniqueness of digital strategies adapted for the Russian consumer, including an emphasis on personalization, content marketing and the use of platforms such as VKontakte and Telegram, which has become especially important in the conditions of unavailability of some international services. The main conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of using digital tools such as SEO, email marketing and SMM to retain and attract customers. The effectiveness of digital strategies is ensured through a personalized approach that allows online stores not only to increase consumer loyalty, but also to strengthen the brand in the face of growing competition.

The object of the study is the awareness of the youth segment of the electorate about the voting procedure in the elections of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the impact of election information support on the level of awareness of the youth segment of the Russian electorate about the voting procedure and date. The authors' attention to youth is due to its socio-demographic characteristics, which mark a transitional period of development, lack of life experience and being at the stage of civic formation. The authors of the article consider raising awareness of young citizens about elections as a result of work on informing about the upcoming elections, creating conditions for equal access of this population group to sources of information about the electoral process. Special attention is paid to the connection between youth awareness of the elections and information campaigns conducted in the run-up to the elections.  The main research method was a comparative analysis of the results of the information work of the CEC of the Russian Federation with various segments of the electorate represented by VTSIOM for the period from 2016 to 2024. The analysis was carried out according to such parameters as the level of awareness of the youth segment of the electorate about the election procedure and the date of voting. The article presents the results of measuring the effectiveness of information support for the electorate during election campaigns in the Russian Federation, identifies and argues the degree of awareness of its youth segment about the main components of the voting procedure in elections for the period 2016-2024. The main conclusion was the revealed dependence of the level of awareness of young people about the procedure of elections of authorities on the age factor. Between the two age groups compared, the work on information support of the electoral process most effectively affects the age group of 25 - to 34–year-old respondents, rather than the youth aged 18-24. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that more careful work is needed when preparing publications for the youth segment of the electorate. It is necessary to take into account not only the interests, needs, and problems in the social development of each age group of young people, but also the nature of their perception of content and its presentation forms.

Russian folk tales are of great cultural and literary value. Language used in these stories often performs specific aesthetic and didactic functions, while fictional character created in these works have become a part of the national culture, which distinguishes Russian folktales from other texts. However, this also makes it difficult to translate such stories into foreign languages, in particular, Chinese, main cause of which lays in the problem of untranslatability. The object of this study is Russian folktales in Russian-Chinese translation combination, the subject is the cases of untranslatability in translating Russian fairytales into Chinese. Methods of description, comparison and categorization are used in this research. While translating “The Magic Swan Geese”, “The Realms of Copper, Silver and Gold” and “Father Frost” into Chinese, author of this study divides the showed untranslatability into four categories – phonological and stylistic untranslatability, lexical and grammatical untranslatability, cultural untranslatability of precedent words and cultural untranslatability of abstract concepts – and suggests specific solutions to improve the translation text in each situation. Firstly, it’s important to preserve the plot and distinctive characters instead of the form of source language or the rhythm of the original text. Secondly, when translating such foreign culture-loaded words as Baba-Yaga, the Magic swan geese or Father Frost, translator should understand the main characteristics of these images or personas in the Russian cultural context. Simple transcription is inappropriate. Last but not least, the translation work is also positively influenced by extra-linguistic factors, such as the friendly exchange between countries. In conclusion, the purpose of translating Russian folktales into Chinese is not to completely overcome the problem of untranslatability, but to better understand the meaning of the original text and reproduce it for the Chinese readers.

This paper discusses youth slang in the English language. The subject of the study is a number of difficulties in adapting and translating youth slang into Russian. The research material was based on slang units from the film «8 Mile», which are most often found on the Internet. For a complete analysis and understanding of the phenomenon being studied our own definition of the concept of «slang» is presented and the main difficulties of translation are highlighted. The functions of youth slang are regulated by standards. They, unlike a literary language, do not have a written encoding and live in the minds of native speakers. For a comprehensive and detailed description theoretical research methods and a comparison method were used. The selection of material was carried out using the continuous sampling method. This article aims to show different definitions of slang, an attempt is made to give our own definition of the concept of slang and to highlight the main problems that can mislead a novice translator when translating such lexical units. The novelty and significance of this paper are due to the complexity of the correct transmission of American youth slang, which is one of the most interesting language systems of modern linguistics. The following works that formed the basis of this scientific research should be mentioned. The theoretical basis of this article is the research of E. Partridge, I. R. Galperin, V. A. Khomyakov, I. V. Arnold. They managed to find a theoretical basis for the concept of slang. In the practical part, methods for describing slang units were used: comparative analysis, generalization, induction, continuous sampling. The research material was based on slang units from the Curtis Hanson film «8 Mile» with Eminem in the title role.

The linguistic and cultural type as one of the key concepts of linguistic personology and cultural linguistics has been studied by philologists for decades. The well-established structure of its description, highlighted by V. I. Karasik, allows researchers to fully represent types based on conceptual, figurative and value components. The linguistic and cultural type of the "classic writer" is not fully described in the scientific literature today, but there is a need to understand its functioning in the era of the advent of the Internet. Dictionary definitions, where the classic appears as the author of unsurpassed works, are currently insufficient to comprehend a wide range of classical literature and its creators. In order to conceptualize the features of the linguistic and cultural type of "classic writer", a survey was conducted, the participants of which were first-year students, most of whom had recently studied classical Russian and foreign literature at school. The research methods in the work are conceptual analysis, online questioning of first-year students of various fields to fix the key characteristics of the linguistic and cultural type, associative experiment, quantitative and statistical analysis. The scientific novelty of the study consists in describing the linguistic and cultural type of the "classic writer" that has not yet been fully studied and presenting its value-conceptual component based on student questionnaires. Conclusions: 1. The composition of classical literature in the perception of the modern generation largely coincides with previous surveys, which is due to the inclusion of these works in the school curriculum. 2. The conceptual component of the linguistic and cultural type "classic writer" in student questionnaires is often supplemented with value content, which makes it possible to identify the value-conceptual component of the type. 3. Traditional concepts close to the classic writer, such as "outstanding", "famous", "founder" and others in similar formulations, do not lose their relevance and remain the most frequent associations. According to the survey data, the ten most popular characteristics of the linguistic and cultural type include only two conceptual features (intelligent and gifted), the remaining eight form a value component.

The image of Ship, along with the images of World Tree and Rosa Mundi, is rightly considered one of the three most popular topoi of Western European art, starting from ancient times up to now. The mythopoeic image of Ship, rooted in Sumero-Akkadian mythology, eventually developed its own image field, the key elements of which are widely represented in various works of art. In Romanticism, Ship received its artistic embodiment in two main directions: as a symbol of man challenging nature, and as a symbol of human soul's odyssey through the waves of fate, the image of Flying Dutchman, which took shape in European folklore in the epoch of Great Geographical Discoveries. The subject of this research is to study the interpretation of the image of Ship in English Romantic literature based on the texts of its two key representatives - Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and Shelley's "Vision of the Sea". During the research, such methods as comparative analysis, literary, and historical and cultural methods were used. The scientific novelty of work consists in the attempt to consider the features of the artistic evolution of the mythopoeic image of Ship in the poetry of English Romanticism on the example of texts by its key representatives through the prism of socio-cultural transformation of the image over centuries. Thus, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" demonstrates the tragic voyage of the ship whose crew is doomed to eternal torment. In turn, in "Vision of the Sea", the image of a strong human spirit is revealed, embodied in the ship entering into unequal battle with nature. In future, both trends will find their reflection in the works of art contributing to the development of the image field of Ship, the interpretation proposed by Coleridge being dominant.

This article is a fragment of the general theme "The particle is still in stable combinations." The subject of the study is the union combination "or else" (more) in Russian language, not recorded in lexicographic sources, but quite common in modern speech, as evidenced by the data of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NKRR). In terms of syntagmatic activity, it is still significantly superior to other particles. There are many official formations that include the particle "more", in particular combinations with unions. Such combinations have varying degrees of stability – from free combinations to phraseologized formations that function as an integral union. The latter case is represented, for example, by a union "and even" in an aggravating sense. The main research method is the traditional descriptive one, which includes the following techniques: observation, generalization and systematization of linguistic phenomena. In addition, the method of contextual analysis was used in the work, as well as a corpus method of collecting research material. As a result of the analysis of the linguistic material (more than 1,300 uses from the NKRJ), it was found that the conjunction "and that" (more) in the studied combination is used in two main meanings – alternative motivation and separative (mutual exclusion). The multivalued particle "also" has two meanings in these combinations: the undesirability of the assumed, possible, corresponding to an alternative motivation, and the value of the addition corresponding to the separation. In the two highlighted values of the union combination, "or else" each component performs a specific function. In the first meaning, which can be schematically represented as "and that + more", the conjunction and that expresses the meaning of alternative motivation, and the particle emphasizes this meaning and introduces an emotional coloring. In the second meaning, we can talk about a stable combination of something else, where something else has a separating value, and the particle still expresses the value of addition. The results obtained can be used in lexicographic practice – when compiling a dictionary of service words.

Since its initial conceptualisation, the term 'intertextuality' has been the subject of considerable discussion and analysis. However, there are several aspects of intertextuality that have yet to be extensively examined. This study is devoted to the examination of intertextual frames, which represent a significant yet understudied area within the field of intertextuality. The focus of this research is an investigation into the distinctive characteristics of intertextual frames, conducted through a frame analysis of literary works. The principal objective of this study is to provide substantiation for the characteristics of intertextual frames and their diverse manifestations. The dearth of research on this topic not only underscores its significance but also constrains the number of studies that can serve as a foundation for further investigation. This paper draws upon the study conducted by M. E. Panagiotidou as a primary source. It is important to note, however, that the methodology employed in this study differs significantly from that used in the seminal study. Moreover, this study can be divided into two distinct parts: theoretical and practical. In addition to the theoretical information pertaining to the utilisation of the term, the paper presents an analysis of the potential intertextual frames that may exist for the Russian poet S. A. Yesenin's poem, 'A Letter to Sister'. This study diverges from existing research in that it investigates the potential for intertextual frames to emerge between a native speaker and a non-native language user. Furthermore, the originality of the study is underscored by an investigation of the diverse attributes that shape the formation of intertextual frames. The findings have implications for a multitude of academic disciplines, including linguistics, comparative linguistics, translation studies, text linguistics, and cognitive linguistics. It is anticipated that this study will pave the way for further research on this topic.

The article discusses the use of short and full forms of adjectives in the modern literary Slovene language. Both forms of adjectives serve in the Slovenian language to express the category of certainty and uncertainty, which goes back to the common Slavic opposition of short and full forms. In modern research on Slovenistics, special attention is paid to the question of the similarity of the functions of a certain article in Western European languages and a certain form of an adjective in the Slovenian language. In our study, we decided to analyze the cases of the use of short and full forms of adjectives in the Slovenian language using the example of journalistic texts and compare the use of adjective forms with the use of articles in Western European languages. To do this, we turned to the corpus of the written standard Slovene language Gigafida 2.0 For random sampling analysis, we selected four pairs of adjectives: nov / novi, star /stari, mlad /mladi. We have considered all pairs of short and full adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases. We have selected 100 examples for each form of adjectives (1200 examples in total). As a result of our research, we came to the conclusion that the short and full forms of adjectives in the Slovenian language really correlate with indefinite and definite articles in Western European languages. To use the article correctly, it is necessary to understand the context. In Slovene, we see the same influence of context on the choice of adjective form in both nominative and accusative cases. Short forms are used in cases where we are talking about a "new" object that has not been mentioned before. The short form expresses the uncertainty of the subject, does not distinguish it from other similar subjects and emphasizes the insignificance of the feature. The full form of the adjective also serves as an indicator that the object is already familiar to the reader.

The purpose of this study is to identify the structure of artistic conflict in the story of the Soviet and Russian writer, playwright and screenwriter Lyudmila Petrushevskaya "Time Night". The study provides a more precise formulation of the concept of artistic conflict, provides a typology of conflict: internal conflict, interpersonal conflict, conflict of time and space. The artistic conflict in the story has a complex structure and affects the formation of the plot and characters of the work. The author analyzes the internal and external contradictions that the heroine of the story faces, emphasizing their psychological depth and multi-layeredness. Particular attention is paid to how conflicts reveal the themes of loneliness, the search for the meaning of life and the interaction of the individual with the outside world. The article offers an interpretation of L. Petrushevskaya's artistic techniques and their role in creating the emotional tension of the story, and also examines how conflicts contribute to the disclosure of the key ideas of the story. Typological analysis, cultural approach and others were used as research methods. In the story "Time Night" by Lyudmila Petrushevskaya, a multi-layered conflict is depicted as internal and external contradictions that reinforce each other, creating a tense atmosphere of the narrative. Through the conflict, the author reveals the deep feelings and experiences of the heroine, her struggle with difficult life circumstances, and also conveys the social and historical reality of the late Soviet period. The conflict covers not only external disagreements, but also the antinomy between the closed inner world of the heroes and external reality. L. S. Petrushevskaya focuses not on the transformation of the environment, but on how this environment is projected into the heart of the main character and breaks her spirit.