No 6 (2025)

The relevance of the research is determined by the search for new educational paradigms that serve as a conceptual and methodological basis of educational practices and allow for a systematic restructuring of the educational process. Within the framework of the constructivist paradigm, the problems of pedagogical constructs as ideal models of education are being developed. The most interesting ones, according to the authors, are projective constructivism and constructive realism. Based on the constructivist methodology, it is possible to hierarchise ideal constructs in education, identify their foundations, commonalities and differences between these levels. Ideal constructs in education are arranged in a hierarchy: educational paradigms - pedagogical design and modelling - pedagogical constructs within the framework of a given pedagogical process. Using a constructivist strategy will allow us to develop constructs and models at all levels of education, including within the framework of new projects of secondary vocational, higher and additional education.

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of the mentoring technology on the process of professional self-determination of bachelors of social work (using the example of the Amur State University).

The aim of this study is to find pedagogical conditions for the formation of a conscious attitude to the emotional display rules. The emotional display rules are the norms of emotional response to life situations and ways of experiencing emotions. There is a contradiction between the presence of different rules for expressing emotions in educational programmes for the emotional development of preschoolers and the lack of these programmes’ orientation to pedagogical conditions conducive to the application of these rules by children in real situations. This contradiction explains the significance of the research goal. The main research method was the theoretical analysis of articles and monographs devoted to the development of preschoolers’ conscious attitude to rules in general and the peculiarities of children’s emotional development. As a result of the study, the author reveals the following pedagogical conditions for the formation of a conscious attitude to the rules of expressing emotions in older preschoolers: the formation of ideas about emotions through the study of facial expressions and sensations from emotions; the use of theatrical games as the main activity; the development of feelings associated with a careful and responsible attitude to emotions; the formation of the ability to find causes of emotions; the development of awareness of ways to experience emotions as a means of conveying feelings to others.

The article presents empirical research data on the gender and age characteristics of adolescents’ perceptions of conflict, which reveal deeper cultural and social aspects that influence the perception and understanding of conflicts by modern adolescents of different genders. The results of the study will allow the author to expand scientific data on the gender and age characteristics of conflict perceptions among modern adolescents.

This article is devoted to a pilot study of Russian students’ social perceptions of military violence in the course of the special military operation. A psychological experiment with four student groups was used as the main research method. The obtained data partially confirmed the subjects’ sharing of more humane social perceptions of military violence. However, the author revealed a number of problems and limitations, whose solution is significant for further improvement of the methodology aimed at the study of social perceptions of all citizens of the Russian Federation. The main limitations of the study are related to the small sample and the lack of in-depth statistical processing, which reduces the generalisability of the results.

The article analyses the role of game in the psychotherapeutic aspect of work, as well as possible stages of developing a psychological board game. The author describes the development of the psychological board game “The Path of Beauty”, aimed at working with victims of lookism, that is, discrimination based on the features of appearance. The final version of the game includes a playing field, a dice, 5 decks of cards (144 cards in total): 1) a deck of proverbs and sayings about beauty, 2) a deck of memes ridiculing various parameters of appearance, 3) a set from the deck of metaphorical associative cards “The Mirror Has Two Faces”, 4) a deck of quotes from films including supportive phrases for victims of discrimination, 5) resource cards from the deck of metaphorical associative cards “The Mirror Has Two Faces”. The results of testing are described for both group work and individual counseling.

The article presents the results of a study of the connection between relationships in military personnel and the development of personal qualities of individual military servicemen. The concept and structure of a military collective, the role of personality in military professional activity are analysed. The authors substantiate the conditioning of the dominant type of interpersonal relations by the totality of personal qualities of military personnel of a unit.

He article deals with the problem of developing L2 auditory skills in Russian- speaking students in the context of the phonetic diversity of the English language. The contradiction is revealed between the need to prepare learners for intercultural communication with non-native English speakers and the limited scope of phonetic instruction, primarily focused on the perception of English standard pronunciation. Based on the comparative analysis of Russian and international methodological approaches, the article indicates the urgency to udpate traditional practices of developing perception skills by incorporating phonetically variable samples into learning materials, raising learners’ awareness about accent diversity, developing targeted activities, and integrating speech synthesis systems. The proposed solutions are aimed at enabling learners to adequately perceive and interpret the communicative intention produced in most popular pronunciation variants, which is a key factor for successful intercultural communication.

The article addresses the issue of optimising the teaching of reading English- language scientific literature in higher education. The relevance of the study is driven by the dominant role of the English language in global scientific discourse and the need to develop a well-rounded foreign language reading competence in future professionals and researchers. This competence should encompass not only the ability to extract explicit information, but also the skills for its deep cognitive processing, critical analysis and integration. The purpose of the article is to develop, theoretically justify and identify practical ways to implement a linguo-cognitive model for processing English-language scientific discourse. The methodology is based on cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, discourse theory, as well as modern language didactics. The article proposes an original four-component model (linguistic, cognitive, metacognitive, sociocultural-pragmatic components) that reveals the structure and mechanisms of interaction between levels of understanding scientific texts...

The article substantiates a model of research competence for students of a language university within the framework of teaching language theory using corpora technologies. The model is based on the differentiation of core and peripheral components of competence and is implemented in stages - from the reproductive-search stage to the search-analytical stage and the stage of autonomous research activity. A methodological correspondence has been established between approaches and methods of applied linguistics to language studies, as well as digital corpora technologies, and the stages of research competence development. The presented framework can be applied to the reorientation of current methods for teaching language theory towards research-based learning.

The article examines the specific features of teaching piano students during the implementation of the state Internet+ programme using the example of the activities of the music department of Anhui Normal University of China. The functionality of the programme is revealed, including the possibilities of communication between subjects of education, resources and methodological aspects. The author reveals its advantages in the field of upbringing and music education, including the development of students’ personalities, difficulties and prospects.

The article presents the results of a study on the psychoemotional state and quality of life of cancer patients taking women with breast cancer (BC) as an example. The study was conducted at the Oncology Centre No. 1 of the S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital in Moscow. Health care in the field of oncological diseases is focused primarily on saving patients’ life, while insufficient attention is paid to the psychological health of cancer patients. It still remains unclear how cancer patients cope with anxiety and fear of relapses and metastases, and what features of the psychoemotional state are characteristic of the recovery period after mutilating surgeries. The study examined the psychoemotional state and quality of life of 60 women with BC aged 22 to 71 years (30 women during treatment, 30 in remission). No significant differences in the psychoemotional state and quality of life of women in the two groups were found, with the exception of such a quality of life component as “pain intensity”.

The article is devoted to the potential of task-oriented development of metacognition with reference to the development of soft skills and transfer of skills acquired during mastering it to other areas of cognitive activity of linguistic students while their communicative, linguistic, intercultural and interpersonal competencies are formed as components of their professional competence. Using the example of first-year linguistic students studying the topic “Career Prospects”, the authors consider the possible content and forms of work with the educational unit, analysing the process and results of their activities, based on the component composition of linguistic competencies and soft skills. The authors offer a sample plan for a student’s final report on the topic, where the teacher focuses the student’s attention on understanding and analysing their thinking processes, on developing the ability to recognise, control and regulate their own cognitive processes, and accordingly, to consciously choose the strategies and tactics necessary to solve the educational tasks of the section.