Том 509, № 1 (2023)

This review analyzes and systematizes data for the last three years on the use of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) based on natural structures in the search for new antibacterial and anticancer agents. As part of the analysis, publications on the properties of QAC based on heterocyclic and pyridine alkaloids, alkylated phenols, terpenoids, and steroids were considered. Attempts have been made to reveal the relationship between the structure of ammonium salts and their supramolecular self-organization, biological activity, and cytotoxicity. From the point of view of ease of chemical modification, availability, biorelevance and effectiveness against pathogen bacterial strains and antitumor activity, prospects for the use of natural platforms for extended trials have been identified.

3-Bromo- and 6-chloroquinolines or 2-bromo-1-methylbenzimidazole react with red phosphorus in the KOH/DMSO (Н₂О) system upon heating (100–120°C, 3 h), forming selective reduction products in high yield (with preservation of the aromatic heterocycle), forming quinoline and 1-methylbenzimidazole, correspondingly.

Hydrogenation of furfural in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts has recently attracted increased interest as a method for the synthesis of oxygen-containing compounds of various classes based on renewable raw materials. The composition of the catalyst and the conditions of its preparation essentially determine which of the routes of reductive conversions during the hydrogenation of furfural will be predominant. The present review summarizes and analyzes methods for controlling the physicochemical and functional properties of various metal catalysts with an emphasis on Pd-, Ni-, Co, and Cu-containing catalytic compositions, as the most common and practically significant in the hydrogenation of furfural. Many examples show the influence of the nature of the support, the composition of the active metal precursor, and the conditions for the formation of metal nanoparticles on the activity and selectivity of supported catalysts in the reductive conversions of furfural under aqueous-phase hydrogenation conditions. Promising directions of research on the development of methods for the synthesis of efficient catalysts with controlled functional properties in the hydrogenation of furfural are considered. The bibliography includes 127 references.

Based on the expression for a grand thermodynamic potential as a molecular density functional, disjoining pressures in thin liquid films around nanosized wettable spherical particles and in thin vapor layers around nonwettable particles are calculated depending the degree of lyophilicity, film thickness and particle size. A characteristic feature of the approach is the full consideration of hard-sphere molecular correlations according to the fundamental measure theory in the density functional method and finding the complete dependence of the grand thermodynamic potential of the system on stable droplet or bubble size. Although the obtained results show a qualitative agreement between the new calculated disjoining pressure dependences and those obtained by us earlier in the framework of a simpler gradient method of the molecular density functional, the new results differ significantly quantitatively. It is confirmed that the disjoining pressure in the liquid film around nanosized lyophilic particle grows with the particle radius and lyophilicity.