No 12 (2025)

the study examines A.P. Chekhov’s Sakhalin Island as a text that combines documentary precision with a philosophical testimony of human existence. The aim of the paper is to reveal the “philosophy of the turn of the century” and the “humanistic shift” in the writer’s work. The methodology relies on literary analysis, philosophical interpretation in the context of existentialism, and a historical-cultural approach. The results demonstrate Chekhov’s transition from the position of an observer to that of an ethical witness. Sakhalin Island appears as a “letter of existence”, where the recording of facts is united with the affirmation of human dignity, freedom, and responsibility. The scientific novelty of the study lies in viewing the text as a precursor to the existential philosophy of the 20th century, while its practical significance is found in the potential for a renewed understanding of the humanistic tradition in Russian literature.

in this article, we examine the reflection of the zoonym "horse" in Russian and Bashkir proverbs, sayings, and idioms. The zoonym "horse" in the culture and life of the Russian and Bashkir peoples, especially in the Bashkir tradition (which has a certain sacred meaning and semantic content), is deeply rooted and multifaceted. This noble animal has not only served as a faithful companion to humans, but has also become an integral part of their daily lives and culture. A horse is not just an animal, but a whole cultural phenomenon that represents a person's connection with nature and their desire for freedom and well-being in Russian and Bashkir languages. The zoonym "horse" is actively used in Russian and Bashkir proverbs, sayings, and idioms.

the article provides a simultaneous comparative analysis of the colorative vocabulary in folklore works of English and Russian languages. Color definitions are considered to be the most valuable material for research, as they form the conceptual basis of many works of folklore. The complexity of the paradox of color perception is determined by the fact that the system of coloratives belongs to an interesting field of linguistics. The researchers note the conventionality of the color transition. The history of each color designation depends on different conditions. There is also a factor of ethnic predilection for certain colors. The same color is perceived differently by different cultures. Such differences in perceptions and symbolic evaluation of color explain many features of the use of color meanings in cultures. All colors in the folklore of these languages are divided into achromatic and monochromatic. Among all the coloratives, the name "white" is the most popular in both cultures. The image of white acquired expressive meanings.

the article deals with the main peculiarities of the storytelling motif in the structure of the novel by a contemporary Italian writer Donato Carrisi “La donna dei fiori di carta”. The author of the article highlights the peculiarities of formation of the writer’s personality and his life experience. The place of the above-mentioned novel in among other works by Donato Carrisi is discussed. The functions of storytelling are analyzed which enables the author of the article to reveal the main principles of storytelling in the novel. It performs different functions in the structure of the text, such as plot formation, character formation, didactic, dynamic, and gnoseological. This article may serve as a basis for further research of Donato Carrisi’s novels exploring intertextual links in his works.

this article examines the impact of physical exercise on students suffering from narcolepsy and mid-stem structure dysfunction. An experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of using certain types of physical exercises on the basic physiological parameters of the body in order to improve the symptoms of diseases is presented. International studies on this topic have been studied to understand the impact of various types of physical activity on the health of patients with these diseases in order to select optimal physical exercises. A system has been developed to assess the effect of physical activity on the symptoms of these diseases for university students, taking into account indicators of physical activity, pulse, blood pressure, average sleep duration, body temperature, as well as the results of cognitive and psychological tests. The positive effect of the selected set of physical exercises on the symptoms of these diseases was revealed. There is a general decrease in the average heart rate during the day. Positive changes in average daily blood pressure were observed throughout the study. Indicators of the quality and average duration of sleep have significantly improved. Sleep has improved due to the lengthening of the phases of slow and fast sleep. There have been positive changes in mental and cognitive functions.

the article discusses the impact of the syntactic position of a noun on its valence. It consists in the fact that the value of the feature in this case includes the value of the necessary structural components. They predict nouns with syntactically determined meaning as the organizers of a sentence. A noun in the role of a predicate can denote a feature. It usually expresses a subject-classification feature, a qualitative characteristic, an external or internal state. And this means the realization of semantic valence in obligatory syntactic relations. And also in the ability to have specific dependent grammatical forms. The use of definable words is limited by certain conditions. They are not an integral part of the meaning of the word being defined, but indicate the degree and nature of the manifestation of the trait. These can be pronouns and adjectives with amplifying meanings. As determinants, words of the same semantic plane with nouns are possible. The use of an unusual definition is associated with a change in the subject-logical correlation with the reality of the very meaning of the word being defined.

the modern system of teaching foreign students at the university is based on the principles of continuity and stage-by-stage approach and includes an important stage – the preparatory faculty, integrating linguistic training with adaptation to future professional activity in the Russian-speaking academic environment. One of the priority goals of teaching foreign students at the preparatory faculty of the university is the formation of their educational culture, considered as a complex personal characteristic expressed in a system of stable cognitive motives, value orientations, possession of rational methods of educational activity and norms of academic communication necessary for successful mastering of the main educational program. The aim of the conducted research is to develop a methodology for the formation of educational culture of foreign students studying Russian as a foreign language at the preparatory faculty of the university. This research is oriented toward a tripartite objective: elucidating the conceptual and semantic dimensions of "educational culture of foreign students," examining the distinctive characteristics of its formation process among learners of Russian as a foreign language, and establishing a set of optimal methodological approaches for cultivating said culture at the preparatory faculty level of a higher education institution. Potential for the practical application of the research findings lies in the development of scientific and methodological support for the educational process at the preparatory faculty, a specialized framework comprising integrated curricula, practical training modules, and criteria-based diagnostic tools, all designed for the targeted development of academic culture components in parallel with the study of the Russian language and fundamental principles of future core disciplines.

this study investigates the development of motor and coordination abilities in adolescents aged 14-16 years with spastic diplegia, a form of cerebral palsy (CP). The study involved 20 participants, randomly assigned to control and experimental groups of 10 each. The experimental group engaged in a specially designed set of physical exercises on skis, structured into a three-stage program with gradually increasing motor challenges, combined with a course of fixation massage aimed at reducing pathological spasticity and improving tissue trophism. The control group followed traditional adaptive physical education methods. Standardized assessment tools, including the Berg Balance Scale and stabilometric platform tests (evaluation of balance function and quality of balance control), were employed to measure outcomes. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The results demonstrated significant improvements in motor and coordination functions in the experimental group compared to the control group, confirming the effectiveness of ski-based exercises and fixation massage as a rehabilitative approach for adolescents with spastic diplegia. These findings support the integration of adapted sports-based interventions in comprehensive CP rehabilitation programs.

the modern system of sports training in team sports is characterized by multiple contradictions and management problems that require a critical rethinking of existing approaches. The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the main models of training management in team sports and identify key issues and contradictions. This article examines the theoretical foundations of training process management, analyzes modern models of periodization and monitoring of training loads, and identifies systemic contradictions between various training components. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature and the practical experience of leading experts in team sports. The results reveal significant contradictions between traditional and innovative approaches, between individualization and team integration, and between short-term and long-term training goals.

students who belong to a special medical group have many restrictions caused by diseases of various etiologies. It is important to choose a regimen, intensity, and focus that will be effective for improving health and developing physical qualities. One of the main tasks of a teacher is to implement a diverse selection of tools, methods, and approaches when working with students who have restrictions, as well as to use new techniques and combine traditional and innovative approaches. During the survey of teachers, a list of traditional types of physical activity used to develop physical qualities and improve students' health was compiled, and those that are rarely used but are still effective when properly implemented were identified. Fidget sports, intellectual games, active, diaphragmatic breathing, exercises that develop fine motor skills, and vibration gymnastics are less common in the educational and training process of students and are used much less frequently, but they are undeniably beneficial, especially for individuals who need compensatory actions. It is important for a teacher to assess their significance, thoroughly study the characteristics of these activities, and apply them in practice, preferably with theoretical commentary.

this study investigates the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) by students in economics and education programs within the context of research activities. The research analyzes the practices and challenges associated with the application of AI to educational problem-solving, identifying key barriers and potential avenues for enhancing the efficacy of these technologies. Employing a survey methodology, data were collected regarding the level of awareness, frequency, and approaches to AI implementation, as well as the challenges encountered by students when using AI in research. The findings indicate that the majority of students actively leverage AI for information retrieval, data analysis, and the automation of routine tasks; however, they exhibit a limited skillset in operating contemporary AI tools and an insufficient understanding of applicable methodologies

this article presents the results of the effectiveness of educational standards and indicators of physical development at the initial stage of handball classes based on the author’s testing system. Based on the indicators in the dynamics of physical fitness of athletes with intellectual disabilities at the initial stage of handball classes, changes in athletes with intellectual disabilities were determined when they passed differentiated standards of physical fitness at the initial stage of handball classes.

the article is devoted to the study of sports injuries and modern methods of pain management used in sports medicine. Under conditions of intensive physical exertion and high performance demands, athletes are exposed to various types of injuries that may lead to temporary or permanent loss of working capacity. The issues of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of sports-related injuries accompanied by pain syndrome remain insufficiently studied in the Russian Federation, which determines the scientific and practical relevance of this topic. All injuries occurring in sports activities are classified into four main categories: overuse injuries, sprains, fractures and dislocations, as well as blunt trauma. Each type of injury requires specific therapeutic approaches, including adequate pain relief and measures to restore the functional state of the body. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain management are used in sports medicine. The former include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-narcotic and opioid analgesics, muscle relaxants, and topical medications; the latter include physiotherapy, ultrasound therapy, and magnetotherapy. A comprehensive combination of these methods promotes tissue regeneration, reduces pain, and increases the overall effectiveness of the training process.

management culture is one of the important tasks in educational management. Features of education management. Culture of an educational institution. Mechanical and cultural dimensions of change. Functions of culture: internal integration and external adaptation of the organization. Leadership qualities of a manager. Functions of a teacher as a subject of pedagogical management. Features of pedagogical management. Functions of management culture in an organization. Four cultures in education: collegial culture; managerial culture; developmental culture; negotiation culture. The main areas of activity of the head of a modern educational institution. The main functions of an educational manager: informational and analytical function; motivational and target function; planning and prognosing function, organizational and executive function; control and diagnostic function; regulatory and corrective function. Management culture of the head of an educational institution, influencing the development of human resources potential and the targeted direction of the institution's activities.

the relevance of this study stems from the complex challenges facing the modern generation. In the context of globalization, digital transformation, and a dynamically changing economy, demands are increasing not only on professional knowledge but also on cross-professional competencies. Among these, leadership qualities are becoming paramount, becoming a key factor in competitiveness and success in any field. The ability to take responsibility, think strategically, organize a team, and inspire and motivate others to achieve common goals is now one of the key criteria in the formation of talent pools and management elites. The central focus of this article is the potential of volleyball as an effective and multifaceted tool for the targeted development of individual leadership potential. The analysis identifies and examines key aspects of the game with high pedagogical potential. Teamwork and synergy: a player learns not simply to function in a group but to become an integral part of it, where their actions directly impact the overall outcome. Making tactical decisions under stress and time pressure: A rapidly changing game situation requires athletes to quickly analyze, assess risks, and choose the optimal solution, which is the quintessence of leadership. Effective verbal and nonverbal communication: Constant contact with teammates to coordinate attacks, blocks, and defense develops skills for clear and timely information exchange. Personal and collective responsibility: Each player, in their position, is responsible for the team's success, which instills a sense of duty, self-discipline, and reliability. Particular attention is paid to the student years, which in psychology are recognized as a sensitive period for active personality development, the formation of self-esteem, value systems, and social roles. During this period, sports activities, and volleyball in particular, serve not simply as physical practice, but as a powerful pedagogical tool, allowing for the testing and development of leadership behavior in a safe but intense game environment. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the presented conclusions and methodological recommendations can be successfully implemented in the work of trainers, teachers of educational institutions, and psychologists.

modern academic rowing places high demands on athletes' coordination skills, including quickness of reaction, accuracy of dynamic, spatial and temporal parameters of movements, stability in case of balance disorders and the ability to perform complex coordination actions. In conditions of a constant increase in training and competitive load, the need to find effective means and methods of targeted impact on the physical fitness of athletes is being actualized, which underlines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of methods for educating the coordination abilities of young academic rowers at the training stage using balancing simulators. The data obtained indicate the expediency of including exercises on balancing simulators in the structure of training sessions for young academic rowers to increase the level of coordination abilities. The research results are of a practical nature and can be used in organizing the educational and training process in rowing.

this article examines the pressing issue of state regulation of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation. It defines the theoretical foundations for state regulation in the Russian Federation in the area of physical culture and sports. It analyzes the legal framework for the development of physical culture and sports in Russia and international acts. It examines the legal relationships that may arise in the area of physical culture and sports between the state and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It demonstrates the importance of state-led and state-supported sports projects aimed at popularizing physical culture and sports, attracting large numbers of the country's population to regular physical exercise, developing children's and youth sports, and promoting a healthy and active lifestyle in society. The article outlines the key areas of state policy in the field of physical culture and sports, which occupy a central place among the priority tasks aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle and improving the health of citizens. The main goals of the State Strategy aimed at developing physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation until 2030 are listed.

the purpose of the study is to study the ratio of the means of physical training of basketball players at the training stage in the preparatory period. Methods and organization of research. The volume (min) of training loads in the preparatory period was analyzed. Comprehensive monitoring was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period to assess physical fitness. Based on the test results, the growth rate was calculated using the S. Brody formula. The results of the study and their discussion. The training program was comprehensive and met the requirements of the Federal Standard for Sports Training in the sport (basketball) 2022. An analysis of the growth rates of integrated physical fitness monitoring revealed the highest growth rates in tests reflecting the strength abilities of the upper limbs and trunk, endurance, and speed abilities. Conclusion. The analysis of the planning of the training process of the basketball players of the training stage made it possible to identify compliance with the requirements of the Federal Standard. Physical training was given a minimum amount of time. The funds are more focused on improving strength, endurance, and speed abilities. We believe that in the comprehensive planning of the physical training of basketball players at the training stage, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the qualitative, but also to the quantitative characteristics of the load.

the hypothesis of our research was based on the assumption that one of the ways to motivate cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation to independently improve their functional training is to involve all members of the training groups in the competitive process during practical classes in the discipline of Physical Training. The authors have proven in their work that a high level of motivation for independent functional development can help to improve physical qualities and motor skills in cadets and students, create an internal need for constant physical and creative activity, and lay the foundation for their active personal and professional longevity. The authors believe that the development of these qualities should include a wide range of modern knowledge from various sciences related to the development of functional and volitional abilities.

the article is devoted to the problem of forming future managers’ communicative competence of an educational institution. The authors substantiate the competence-based approach to the formation of this phenomenon, reveal the content and scope of the concepts of "communicative competence", "communicative competency", analyze the structure of communicative competence, its elements, and list the communicative skills that a future manager of an educational institution should master. The use of an integrated approach in the process of forming communicative competence is described by the authors through the implementation of the aspects, directions and pedagogical conditions considered in the article.

the article represents an analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of using the lexical method as an effective tool to increase motivation to study foreign languages and expand learners’ vocabulary, which not only improves language skills but also increases students' interest in the learning process itself. The authors consider the use of lexical material from the point of view of intensifying the educational process and improving its quality, relying on modern scientific data and methodological approaches. The article discusses pedagogical techniques and examples of tasks helping to diversify the educational process, maintain educational motivation and make the educational process exciting and practically oriented. The article is intended to show the possibilities and effectiveness of the lexical method as a key factor in increasing motivation to study a foreign language thatimprovesg the quality of education and serves as a means of overcoming the psychological barrier in various communication situations. The given article will be useful for foreign language practitioners, methodologists and anyone interested in foreign languages, modern approaches to teaching them and methods of stimulating motivation in the educational process.

the article discusses the morphofunctional features of children with hearing deprivation and analyzes previous research. It also examines the physical development of hearing-impaired and deaf children. Deaf and hearing-impaired children tend to develop new motor skills more slowly due to limited opportunities for making adjustments to their overall movement patterns. The article identifies specific features in the development of coordination abilities among schoolchildren with hearing impairments.

the article touches upon the problem of forming lexical skills and abilities of students in a secondary school. It reveals the components of lexical skill, its role in the process of teaching foreign languages and various approaches to defining the basic stages of teaching foreign language vocabulary. The authors of the article underline some types of interactive learning, such as interactive exercises and tasks, as well as modern digital Internet-platforms as one of the most popular educational technologies with various interactive methods of teaching foreign languages. The article reveals the linguodidactic potential of the Internet-platforms considered in this study, as well as their functionality as a means of learning, including elements of gamification and various game mechanics beyond traditional, computer and mobile games. The authors emphasize the importance of activating gamification elements to enhance the effectiveness of learning process and motivation for learning, as well as to evaluate various aspects of student behavior in various situations, and to reveal their individual abilities.

the aim of the study was to determine the impact of small group games on improving the physical and technical fitness of 14-15 year old young football players. A total of 16 players participated in the study. Their age was 14.2 ± 0.7 years, height was 167.2 ± 4.82 cm, and body fat percentage was 13.02 ± 2.9%. The program was implemented over a ten-week period, with two sessions per week. The training program included matches that varied in the number of players and the playing field, depending on the training goal. The physical and technical fitness of the football players was assessed using five physical and five technical tests. The results showed an improvement in test results after the implementation of the training program, with statistically significant differences for all tests at the significance level (p < 0.05). The scientific novelty of the study lies in its focus on this age group, since the age of 14-15 years is considered a critical stage in the transition from childhood to adolescence, as this period is known for significant development of physical and technical qualities.

global developments continue unabated, with interest in Russian as a language of international communication continuing to grow. This necessitates the educational market's need to provide Russian language teaching services to a diverse audience and in various formats. The intensification of digitalization creates additional opportunities for the use of interactive teaching methods. The purpose of this article was to describe the potential of text analysis in the development of lexical and grammatical categories and the potential for intercultural dialogue. Using specific examples, the article describes the relevance of the text analysis method at various stages of its application. This article provides a comprehensive overview of one of the most productive methods for developing the worldview and lexical and grammatical competence of international students studying Russian as a foreign language in pre-university training. An analysis of existing practices is offered and a systematization of many years of experience in conducting classes in mixed groups is provided. Materials and methods of research. The theoretical and methodological foundations for conducting a theoretical analysis of specialized literature and systematizing the experience of applying text analysis in practical classes were based on the fundamental principles of teaching Russian as a foreign language at the pre-university level, linguistic analysis of texts, linguacultural studies, and linguodidactics, as well as the author's own methodological developments. Research results. The presented description of practical experience and examples of methodological developments can be applied to teaching Russian as a foreign language both at the pre-university level and in school practice, as they contain lexical and grammatical material relevant regardless of the student's age. Discussion and conclusions. Experiments have shown that implementing text analysis in teaching Russian as a foreign language can proceed in several stages, allowing teachers to monitor the rate of new information acquisition by foreign students and, if necessary, make the necessary adjustments to the educational process.