No 10 (2025)

the article analyzes the features of the lexical system of the Lak language. It is noted that homonyms, synonyms and antonyms are widely represented in the lexical system of this language. But their scientific research remains out of the field of view of researchers for now. Homonyms arose as a result of the accumulation of lexical units of the same sound or form, but of different origin. All known types of relative homonymy are represented in the Lak language. Synonyms are words that refer to the same subject, but differ in semantic, grammatical, or stylistic characteristics. A synonymous row can consist of two (minimum) or more words. A characteristic feature of antonyms is that they usually assume each other and thus reflect the unity of opposites. Antonymic pairs are used together as a whole – a complex word with its own independent lexical meaning that has no semantic connection with the meaning of each component separately. This method of forming new words can be considered one of the productive ways of word formation in the Lak language.

phraseologisms containing а gastronomic component occupy а leading place among proverbs and sayings оf the German language, because food is the main source оf human life, and also represents something sacred, connecting mаn with nature. The names оf national dishes and food products are capable of conveying historical, cultural, philosophical and ideological information about the nation. Gastronomic components most clearly reveal the people's understanding оf the negative and positive qualities of а person: laziness – hard work, idleness – diligence, greed – thrift and others. Thus, according to the conducted research, the most frequently used gastronomic component is «Brot» (bread), which most often symbolizes physical and financial well-being, аs well аs hard work and diligence. In addition, when translating German phraseological units, the method of phraseological analogue and partial phraseological equivalent is most often used, and descriptive translation is used least often, which is explained by the cultural and historical determinacy оf proverbs and sayings. Phraseological units with а gastronomic component are usually associated with certain cultural, religious traditions, аs well аs historical events, therefore, in order tо effectively translate proverbs and sayings, it is necessary tо understand the context and have regional and linguacultural knowledge.

this scientific article studies the Kalmyk and Mongolian proverbial funds in the concepts of "Wealth" and "Poverty" as a reflection of the spiritual culture and mentality of two nomadic peoples. The concepts of "Wealth" and "Poverty", reflecting the material component of human life and influencing his self-identification, play an important role in his communication in society, which affects the formation of a large number of proverbs on this topic. A comparative analysis of proverbs of this concept in two languages of the Mongolian branch of the Altai language group will help to identify a complex combination of linguistic, cultural and historical factors that shape ideas about material and spiritual well-being among Kalmyks and Mongols. The material for the study was collections of Kalmyk and Mongolian proverbs, as well as scientific works of Russian linguistics. The choice of the languages under study is explained by the presence of common cultural and historical roots and linguistic kinship. In the process of the study, through a comparative analysis of proverbs and metaphors, both universal and culturally specific ideas about material and non-material well-being in the worldview of the peoples under study were identified. Based on the analysis of positive and negative connotations of proverbs, it was concluded that the worldview of the Kalmyk and Mongolian peoples about wealth and poverty are manifested in many ways and are of great importance in property and social interactions of people. In the future, the research materials will be useful for a comprehensive study of linguocultural features of both the languages of common language groups and conceptology in general, which will improve the level of intercultural communication.

this article is devoted to the study of intertextual connections between Russian classical literature, in particular the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and contemporary prose of the peoples of the North Caucasus based on the works of Alisa Gatieva and Kanta Ibragimova. The focus is on analyzing how North Caucasian authors creatively assimilate and transform key philosophical and moral issues, artistic techniques, and character archetypes characteristic of Dostoevsky. We suggest that dialogue with the "great" Russian tradition serves as an important tool for them to comprehend the complex ethno-social and spiritual processes in contemporary Caucasian society. The work systematically examines such aspects as the reception of the ideas of "populism," the paradoxes of freedom and responsibility, as well as the mechanisms of artistic embodiment of "metaphysical rebellion" in new cultural and historical conditions. The conclusion is that intertextual dialogue with Dostoevsky's legacy allows contemporary authors not only to bring national literature to a universal level, but also to create a unique artistic synthesis that enriches both the Caucasian and Russian literary traditions.

the development of written scientific competence in students holds an important place in the process of teaching Russian for foreigners. This is based on the expectation that university graduates should be able to produce speech utterances in accordance with linguistic, ethical, and other norms, and also master methods for solving communicative tasks in various situations, including those of a scientific style. The article examines contemporary practices for developing foreign language written competence in Russian as a Foreign Language (RFL) classes. It is worth noting that a significant portion of the works on this topic address individual aspects of the linguistic features of scientific texts, particularly their grammatical and lexical characteristics. However, there is a discernible lack of methodological guidelines that include a description of the actions of both the instructor and the student at each stage of teaching academic writing. This defines the relevance of the present article, the aim of which is to provide a brief overview of works published between 2015 and 2025 that discuss various aspects of teaching the fundamentals of stylistics, particularly the scientific style, in undergraduate and graduate RFL courses. Having analyzed this material, we have identified two representative groups of methodologies that appear promising for further development of the issue of fostering scientific writing skills in a foreign language audience. Materials in the first group focus on the linguistic features of scientific-style texts, accordingly providing descriptions of specific techniques for working on the vocabulary and grammar of a scientific text. We classify into the second group those studies that reflect the stages of working with various information blocks in a scientific text, enabling the foreign student to acquire skills for the step-by-step creation of scientific discourse in Russian.

in the first chapter of“The Dream of the Red Chamber”the author writes: “Though the paper is full of words, it contains the bitterness of tears. All people will say, the author‘?’(Chi), But who will know what his chest is full of ?” If we are to enjoy this ancient book, which is a masterpiece of the Chinese canon, we cannot escape from understanding the word “?” in it. V.A. Panasiuk's translation of “The Dream of the Red Chamber” was the first complete translation in the history of foreign translations of “The Dream of the Red Chamber”, but so far there have been few studies devoted to the translation of the Chinese character “?”. The theory of translation aesthetics is a theory of translation that has grown up on the soil of our language, and there is a natural fusion between it and our masterpiece of the Chinese canon. Literary translation is itself an aesthetic activity. In this paper, “?”related to the protagonist Jia Baoyu in V.A.Panasyuk's 1958 Russian translation of “The Dream of the Red Chamber”is taken as the object of study, and “?” related to the protagonist Jia Baoyu is translated in combination with the theory of translation aesthetics. The study is based on the theory of translation aesthetics. With the aim of broadening the research perspectives of the Russian translation of“The Dream of the Red Chamber”and making a modest contribution to the promotion of overseas translation of Chinese canonical books.

this article analyzes Kalmyk and Mongolian proverbs in the concepts of "Wisdom" and "Stupidity", considered as a reflection of the spiritual culture and mentality of the two peoples. Concepts with the opposite lexical meaning "Wisdom" and "Stupidity" act as moral guidelines and mental attitudes that evaluate the cognitive development of an individual and influence his self-identification. They perform a regulatory function in intra-group communication and the formation of social relations, which affects the development of proverbs and set expressions in the language. A comparative analysis of the proverbial fund of the two languages under study made it possible to identify common linguocultural features and differences in the mentality of the two nomadic peoples. The nomadic lifestyle of the Kalmyk and Mongolian peoples led to the development of adaptive strategies for survival and collective organization, which were subsequently verbalized in the speech of the people in the form of proverbs and metaphors about wisdom and stupidity, passed down from generation to generation. The material of the study is proverbs representing two semantically opposite concepts – "Wisdom" and "Stupidity" in the Kalmyk and Mongolian linguacultures. The purpose of this work is to identify both general and culturally specific ideas of Kalmyks and Mongols about spiritual development and features of interpersonal communication, which also affects social interaction in society. A comparative analysis of proverbs about wisdom and stupidity made it possible to model the content of concepts taking into account their national identity, to reveal the content of concepts representing the concepts in question in two languages, to identify their similar and different ethnocultural features. The results of the scientific work will be useful for subsequent research in linguacultural studies and conceptology, and will also contribute to the development of intercultural communication.

this study examines the potential applications of neural networks as tools for foreign language instruction, driven by the need to adapt educational processes to digital transformation and the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence technologies. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of neural networks, particularly the Twee platform, in automating the creation of teaching materials. AI solutions address pressing challenges such as reducing plagiarism through unique task generation and decreasing instructors' workload. A comparative analysis of Twee's functionality versus general-purpose language models (ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Gemini) reveals that its domain-specific interface significantly minimizes prompt engineering requirements and simplifies AI-assisted pedagogy. The practical relevance is evidenced by automatically generated exercises (discussion prompts, gap-fill activities, lexical tests), demonstrating Twee's capacity to align content with CEFR levels (A1-C2) and learners' age groups. However, legal examination uncovers unresolved copyright issues. Despite neural networks' simulated creativity (e.g., "deep thinking" functions), the protectability of AI-generated materials remains contested. Findings suggest neural networks are currently best deployed for routine educational tasks. Future research should investigate AI's long-term impact on language acquisition efficacy and develop legal frameworks to safeguard authorship amid education's digital transformation.

the article considers the organization of the educational process of cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the discipline "Physical training". This study is devoted to the analysis and generalization of innovative approaches to the organization of physical training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Modern pedagogical, organizational, methodological and technological solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of the educational process are considered. Particular attention is paid to the use of information and communication technologies, the introduction of systemic learning models, as well as the development of educational and methodological support that meets current state standards and the needs of the professional activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. The issues of formation of professionally important physical qualities, application of situational-game methods and functional training systems for provision of high level of readiness of cadets and students to perform operational-service tasks are analyzed. The proposed approaches contribute to optimization of process of physical training, increase of motivation of students and integration of discipline into the general system of professional education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

this article is devoted to the development of a comprehensive work program aimed at organizing the research activities of schoolchildren with the participation of students of a pedagogical university. The research focuses on the mechanism for creating an effective system of social partnership between schools and universities, ensuring high-quality training for future teachers and the development of students' research competencies. The paper presents a methodology for organizing joint research activities, including the development of a work program for students, the creation of conditions for students' self-realization and the formation of a student-teacher-student interaction system. Special attention is paid to practical forms of cooperation: organization of project activities, leadership of scientific societies of students and holding joint round tables and master classes. The developed program provides for the use of the scientific and methodological potential of the university for the development of research skills of schoolchildren. The paper substantiates the need to create a unified educational and scientific space that ensures the continuity of education and effective training of future specialists. The practical significance of the research lies in the creation of specific methodological recommendations for the organization of social partnership and the implementation of research activities. The proposed interaction mechanisms make it possible not only to develop the creative potential of students, but also to form the professional competencies of future teachers in a real educational process. The work can be useful to heads of educational institutions, university teachers and school teachers in organizing a system of work with gifted children and developing students' research activities.

being the successor of the traditions of fitness aerobics, today dance fitness is becoming a trendy direction of health-improving physical education among various segments of the population, regardless of their level of training and existing dance experience. This article is devoted to the current problem of managing the training process in accordance with the challenges of social development of the 21st century. The paper proposes a model for integrating a dance fitness system, which is aimed at optimizing parameters during training sessions, taking into account the level of practical and theoretical knowledge in the conditions of modern life. In the presented structure, which includes four components of step-by-step management of systematic training activities (target, content-technological, practical-activity, informational), the author highlights the last one – informational. It fully complements traditional formats and practices of fitness classes for physical and special training, allowing you to rationally distribute time resources in favor of acquiring other additional (dance and/or information) skills and abilities. At the end of the study, a conclusion is made about the effectiveness of technological application of innovations in dance fitness activities in the form of improving the positive results of psychophysical indicators of those involved and forming motivation for health preservation throughout life.

the article raises a topical issue that is caused by increasing demands on the level of competitive activity, where the technical and tactical skills of an athlete are inextricably linked with his mental stability. It is shown how the foundation of not only physical but also psychological qualities that determine the increase in the level of adaptation of athletes to stressful situations of competitive activity is laid during the educational and training stage of preparation. The stages of formation of the necessary qualities during the educational and training process are considered, which allow minimizing the influence of negative factors such as anxiety, fear of error or instability of attention and contributing to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of game activity. The psychological preparation that contributes to the optimization of interpersonal interactions in a team is studied, which is especially necessary in team sports, where the athletic result largely depends on the coherence of collective actions, communication skills, leadership qualities and the ability to cooperate in conditions of high emotional stress. The effectiveness of the psychological preparation process at the training stage is substantiated, which is a key factor in the formation of a highly qualified volleyball player who is able to realize his potential in conditions of competitive stress, and also allows not only to increase the individual effectiveness of the player, but also to ensure the stability of the team's results.

the article discusses the use of modern technologies in teaching younger students to solve problems with proportional quantities. The study of mathematics in elementary grades is the most relevant topic of modern education. Difficulties in learning mathematics, including difficulties in solving text problems with proportional quantities, are experienced by many children in all primary schools of the country. The ability to solve textual mathematical problems and work with proportional quantities is prescribed in the Federal State Educational Standard. At the same time, solving such problems requires children to have logical and abstract thinking, an understanding of the quantities that they have to work with in the process of solving problems, and the ability to plan their actions, since such tasks are solved in several stages. In order to effectively master the concepts of various quantities and their interrelationship, planned training is needed during the first two years of study, and then high-quality technology for mastering various ways of solving text problems with proportional quantities. Modern technologies for teaching younger schoolchildren how to solve problems with proportional quantities require high-quality professional training from teachers, the ability to explain to children the relationship between quantities and the ability to systematize the information provided, which will contribute to the preparation of an internal action plan for solving problems of this type. The purpose of the study is to identify effective methods and approaches that contribute to a better understanding and assimilation of the material by students. The research objectives include analyzing existing teaching methods, identifying the difficulties faced by younger students in solving problems with proportional quantities, as well as identifying the most effective approaches. Practical application of the research results may include the use of developed methods and approaches in the work of primary school teachers, the creation of teaching materials and manuals, as well as the organization of additional classes and clubs in mathematics using modern technologies.

in the theory of sports training, several directions for training young athletes are substantiated. The first direction orients specialists toward high athletic achievements of athletes at an early age, which presupposes a narrow specialization of athletes, forcing training and the formation of a limited range of motor actions with a complex coordination structure. The second direction reveals technologies for the comprehensive improvement of athletes at a young age. However, at present, the theory of sports lacks factual material regarding the substantiation of a model for improving the conditioning and coordination abilities of 12-14 year old athletes using physical and technical training. The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate and experimentally test a model for planning the physical and technical training of female athletes 1-2 years into the training stage, aimed at proportionate physical training and various types of technical improvement in the micro-, meso- and macrocycle of training. A rational model for planning physical and technical training of track and field athletes of 1-2 years of the educational and training stage, aimed at proportionate development of physical and technical preparedness, was tested in a pedagogical experiment. The model presents two subsystems - physical and technical training, the interaction of which ensures targeted improvement of the conditioning and coordination abilities of track and field athletes aged 12-14 years in large cycles. Training loads are planned taking into account the principles of sports training and methodological guidelines of "positive transfer", "coordination complexity of the exercise", "versatile development" and "expediency of distributing exercises by energy cost".

this article examines the phenomenon of diffusion of responsibility in team sports. The main mechanisms of this effect are described, including collective distribution of responsibility, social comparison and cognitive barriers. The consequences for the effectiveness of competitive activity are analyzed, such as a decrease in the speed of decision-making, passivity of players and a decrease in the coordination of team actions. Pedagogical and psychological approaches to minimizing negative consequences are considered, including individualization of game roles, development of leadership qualities and methods of increasing awareness through feedback and analysis of game situations.

the project method in education is an effective mechanism for transforming the classical learning model into a dynamic research space. This approach transforms the educational process, turning students from passive listeners into active researchers. Project technology provides students with the opportunity to independently form an individual educational trajectory, go beyond standard educational schemes and deeply analyze the phenomena studied. The use of project methodology stimulates the cognitive activity of schoolchildren and students, allowing them to develop critical thinking, teamwork skills and creative abilities to solve non-standard problems. This method not only maintains a sustainable interest in the learning process, but also prepares young people for the real challenges of the modern world, forming flexible and adaptive intelligence. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that project activities are a powerful tool for the radical transformation of educational strategies, affecting various levels of student development: cognitive, methodological and personal.

the presented material analyzes the role of speed qualities as one of the factors determining the effectiveness of the official activities of employees of law enforcement agencies. The influence of the speed of motor reactions and the speed of movement on the success of professional tasks, such as: detention of offenders, ensuring personal safety, prompt response in emergency situations, is considered. It is noted that the high level of development of speed qualities contributes to the improvement of professional efficiency and readiness to act in extreme conditions. In many cases, it is the speed of reaction and the speed of motor actions that become decisive factors on which the life and health of citizens, the personal safety of an employee, as well as the successful performance of official tasks depend. The relevance of the study is determined by the following aspects: * importance for the performance of operational tasks – high – speed qualities are directly related to the effectiveness of detaining offenders, harassment, the use of physical force and special means; * safety factor – the ability to quickly dodge, move or take an advantageous position reduces the risk of injury and increases the level of personal security; * extreme operating conditions – in emergency situations (terrorist attacks, accidents, mass riots), speed of action allows timely assistance, localize the threat and minimize damage; The results obtained in the course of the study have practical and theoretical significance and can be used in the organization of physical and combat training of law enforcement officers in educational institutions of various levels.

the relevance of the study is due to the need to find effective means of developing socio-cultural competence that would allow foreign students not only to master the language system, but also to successfully adapt to the realities of the Russian linguocultural environment. The article establishes that authentic advertising text acts as a unique and insufficiently studied didactic resource that accumulates modern linguistic trends, cultural codes and social attitudes, which determines the scientific interest in its potential in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of the linguacultural and didactic potential of an authentic advertising text as a means of representing current cultural meanings, social norms and behavioral models, and its objectives were to analyze and systematize domestic and foreign scientific and methodological approaches to determining the essence and structure of sociocultural competence in the context of teaching Russian as a foreign language and to develop a system of exercises and tasks aimed at the step-by-step formation of components of sociocultural competence based on the material of selected advertising texts. The possibility of practical application of the research results is seen in the development of an elective course or module for students, entirely based on the analysis of advertising texts, as well as the creation of a bank of didacticized authentic advertising materials with a set of tasks classified by topic.

various tools and methods are being used to develop ski training in higher education institutions, and new methods are being developed and tested to make the learning process more effective. The study tested the impact of using outdoor skiing games to improve students' physical and technical abilities. As practice shows, the use of outdoor games in ski training helps not only to develop the necessary physical abilities, but also allows students to be interested and involved in skiing.

in modern society, physical culture and sports play a key role in strengthening the health of the population, especially under conditions of urbanization. District centers of physical culture, sports, and health in St. Petersburg are an important link in engaging citizens in systematic activities, contributing to the achievement of national goals for improving well-being and satisfaction with conditions for an active lifestyle by 2030. The relevance of the study is due to the need to modernize the organizational conditions of such centers in order to increase their efficiency and the accessibility of services. The problem lies in the insufficient adaptation of existing models to the needs of different population groups, leading to low involvement, especially among people aged 30-59. The aim of the work is to develop proposals for improving organizational conditions using the example of the Physical Culture, Sports, and Health Center of the Krasnogvardeysky District of St. Petersburg. The research was conducted at this center over the course of a year using document analysis, statistical analysis, sociological surveys, and functional tests (Romberg-2, Ruffier, Genchi). The sample included control and experimental groups of 16 people each (8 men and 8 women aged 30-59), engaged in general physical training. The initial survey identified key comfort factors: professionalism of coaches, convenient schedules, and the possibility of choosing activities. Based on the data, a pilot program called “In the CENTER of Attention” was developed and implemented in the experimental group for 6 months, including measures for optimizing documentation, professional development of instructors, visitor care, and methodological adjustments to sessions. The initial stage results showed that 70.2% of district residents were satisfied with the conditions, but the groups generally had average levels of physical fitness and satisfactory test results. After the program was introduced, satisfaction levels in the experimental group rose to 81% (compared to 62% before), the average self-assessment of physical state dynamics was 8.19 points (compared to 2.75 in the control group), and psychological state – 8.5 points (compared to 2.69). Functional tests demonstrated improvements: Romberg-2 – 14 satisfactory results (vs. 9), Ruffier – an increase in the number of participants above the average level to 5, Genchi – 11 excellent states (vs. 10).

in this article, we have selected a set of exercises and tasks based on neuroprosepsis to activate the hand praxis of preschool children. The development of hand praxis in older preschool children using neuroprosepsis is an effective and promising area in pedagogical practice. The констатирующий этап was organized to identify the level of development of hand motor skills in older preschool children. The results obtained at this stage of the work showed that preschoolers have a weak development of hand motor skills, which is expressed in inaccurate performance of movements, insufficient coordination of the hands, and lack of synchronization in performing movements, as well as in maintaining a posture for a short period of time. During the conducted work, it was established that regular exercises aimed at developing fine motor skills and coordination of movements significantly improve children's skills. Exercises with neurowriting have a positive effect on children's graphomotor skills. The participants became better at drawing, writing letters and numbers, and performing other graphic tasks.

the article considers the system of pedagogical control over the formation of sports chess readiness in training according to the methodology of sports training of chess players based on the integrative approach (Komissarov V.V., Sverdlovsk region, Verkhnyaya Salda). In the author's methodology of sports training (initial training stage), in accordance with the integrative approach, sports chess readiness is considered as a set of specialized and non-specialized components in conjunction with the structure and content of the types of training. The studied training was conducted in the period from 01.09.2022 to 31.08.2024 personally by the author: out of 16 first-graders, 11 athletes completed two years of training at the initial training stage and were transferred to the training stage. Based on the results of the methodology implementation, 5 stages of formation of sports chess readiness and criteria for their diagnostics were identified for the initial training stage: knowledge and skills of playing a chess game available and mastered by athletes, effectiveness of specialized testing, dynamics of individual ratings, psychophysiological readiness for competitive activity. The most relevant and reliable criteria for determining the stages of formation of sports chess readiness are proposed for use in the ranges of effectiveness of specialized testing and the dynamics of individual ratings – respectively, in training and competitive activities. A conclusion is made about the advisability of developing a criteria-level system for assessing the formation of sports chess readiness, consisting of the following elements: 1) achievable stages of formation of an integrative result by years of study; 2) criteria for assessing sports chess readiness by the formation of specialized and non-specialized components of sports chess readiness; 3) identifying individual levels of an athlete at each stage: low, standard and high.

the article shows the relevance of studying and using the theoretical foundations of physical training, namely terms related to physical development, training and upbringing, for the formation of a conceptual framework for students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in order to apply this knowledge in practical physical activities. The following methods were used in the study: questionnaires and surveys of trainees, analysis of pedagogical and psychological literature, generalization of best practices in this area and analysis of literature on the issue under study. Conclusions are made about the effectiveness of theoretical in-depth study of all types of physical education, and the need for periodic monitoring of students' knowledge, to understand the level of the studied material of the students.

the article presents the peculiarities of the organization of pedagogical support for a mother raising a child with special educational needs (SEN) in a preschool educational organization. The purpose of the article is the theoretical justification of the model of pedagogical support for a mother raising a child with SEN. Novelty of the study: the model of pedagogical support for the mother of a child with SEN involves phased support of teachers and the mother, aimed primarily at developing the professional and personal competencies of teachers to organize the integration of professional activities of specialists with the aim of subsequent pedagogical support of the mother of a child with SEN with an emphasis on the development of her subject characteristics and psychological and pedagogical potential. The results of the study can be used in the work of preschool educational organizations and in the training of students of pedagogical specialties.

this study analyzes the process of inheritance of Chinese national music, as well as problems and ways to solve them in this area. The author provides a theoretical basis for preserving the national musical culture of China, which is based not only on its traditionality, but also depends on the rationality of the coexistence of several cultures. As a result, it is established that China's national music culture is an integral part of China's excellent traditional culture, and although it faces many problems and trials at present, it has an extremely deep value base. Therefore, in the new era, it is necessary to strengthen research and take numerous measures to open up the development path of China's national music culture to promote its sustainable development.