Vol 16, No 2 (2025)
- Year: 2025
- Published: 30.04.2025
- Articles: 30
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-4034/issue/view/20014
Educational and Pedagogical Studies
Value and sense component of books content for primary school children
Abstract
Background. The article emphasizes the importance of forming stable moral principles in children in the context of the uncertainty of modern moral guidelines. In this regard, literature is not only a source of knowledge, but also an important means of transmitting values that contribute to the development of qualities such as compassion, empathy, and social responsibility.
The authors set out to analyze and identify the main values and meanings embedded in children's literature, based on the results of a survey conducted among younger schoolchildren. The novelty of the work lies in the integration of theoretical foundations related to value-semantic content and empirical data, which emphasizes the importance of conscious choice of literary works for the formation of key values in primary school children. The study focuses on specific values, such as friendship, hard work, and responsibility, as well as their reflection in contemporary books available to children. In this context, the work offers new approaches for educators and parents, allowing them to more purposefully select literature that contributes to the upbringing and harmonious development of the child's personality.
Materials and methods. For this study, we analyze the data collected from normative documents, psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature, and works of fiction. We used questionnaire survey about primary school children's reading preferences.
Results. The research broadens horizons for primary school teachers, parents of younger students, students receiving pedagogical education and all those who strive to instill in children a deep and meaningful attitude to literature. Detailed study of literary works allows not only to deepen the educational process, but also to inspire children to think, forming their internal moral guidelines.
Scope of application. The results of the study can be useful both while primary school teachers training and in practice – while teaching literature lessons and conducting extracurricular activities with primary school children. During them younger students will be learning to work with children's books.



Therapy in an educational organization fairy tale therapy as a means of developing social-communicative skills in primary school students within an educational organization
Abstract
Background. The modern education system is focused on the humanization of the educational process, aiming to increase attention to the interests and individual characteristics of students. The most important task at the current stage is to prepare an active, goal-oriented younger generation capable of establishing effective communication with others. This becomes possible through successful socialization when students develop social and communicative skills. Insufficient interaction among children within peer groups and within family structures has become a problem for the successful socialization of today's children in school, manifesting as high levels of anxiety, lack of confidence in their abilities, and difficulty managing their emotional states.
The authors of the article believe that addressing this issue is possible through the systematic and targeted work on developing social-communicative skills via fairy tale therapy within the educational organization, starting from the primary school age. The use of fairy tale therapy in addressing children's psychological problems effectively resolves issues in relationships among primary school students that arise within the educational process.
Objective. To substantiate the potential of fairy tale therapy for the development of social and communicative skills in elementary school children within an educational organization.
Materials and methods. The experimental research structure defines the components, indicators, and levels of development of social and communicative skills. Diagnostic tools have been identified. The main empirical research methods are surveys and testing. A comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative research results allows for the assessment of the effectiveness of the program for developing social and communicative skills through fairy tale therapy in elementary school children.
Results. The organization of systematic and comprehensive work by specialists was based on taking into account the age-related psychological characteristics of students. An extracurricular program was developed aimed at developing social and communication skills in younger schoolchildren, which made it possible to enrich their existing experience of communicating with peers, older children, teachers, parents, and other adults; broaden their horizons and gain confidence in themselves when faced with unusual situations in the process of communication and interaction.
The results obtained made it possible to note an increase in the number of primary school pupils who have knowledge of the rules of behaviour in social and everyday situations, the ability to choose means of communication in the process of social interaction, and interpersonal interaction skills based on practical life experience. In the process of communication, primary school students began to demonstrate the ability to feel and understand the emotions of their interlocutors, enter into cooperative relationships, and analyze and evaluate their behavior.



Methodology of using digital educational resources in the educational process
Abstract
Background. In the conditions of intense development of technologies and digitalization of education, the use of digital educational resources is becoming a prerequisite for improving the quality of education. This article describes the benefits and challenges associated with the introduction of digital educational technologies, as well as their impact on the educational process and educational outcomes. The article defines the role of digital resources in ensuring accessibility of modern education and individualization of learning. The main didactic principles of J.A. Komensky and implementation are considered using the example of the developed digital educational resource in the discipline "Computer Science and Information Technology".
Purpose. Development and justification of the methodology for using expanded educational resources in the educational process, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of training, individualization of students’ learning trajectories and integration of modern technologies into the educational environment.
Materials and methods. The work describes a range of approaches to developing digital educational materials, including the use of multimedia technologies, interactive platforms and educational applications. We analyzed modern methods and tools that promote effective learning and student engagement in the educational process.
Results. Analysis of the impact of digital technologies on the educational process, assessment of the effectiveness of using such resources in education, impact on motivation and student engagement. The article includes examples of successful practices and recommendations for the implementation of digital educational resources in the educational process.



The role of AI and digital technologies in higher education
Abstract
Background. In the context of digitalization of all spheres of life, the issue of using digital technologies and artificial intelligence in education is becoming especially relevant. The effectiveness of using technologies in a university largely depends on how much the opinions of students and teachers coincide when choosing them.
Purpose. Comparison of the opinions of university students and teachers on the effectiveness of digital technologies in professional education.
Materials and methods. The main research method is the rank correlation method for investigating the preferences of digital technologies by students and teachers. In addition, an analysis of scientific literature was applied to compile a list of technologies, a comparative analysis was used to compare the answers of the subjects, and the method of interview was applied to determine the reasons for the technology ratings compiled by the participants in the educational process.
Results. The preferences of students and teachers generally coincide, which is an indicator of good contact between the participants in the educational process. Differences in the preferences of humanities and IT students concern the assessment of educational platforms and electronic textbooks. IT students believe that with the advent of artificial intelligence, the role of electronic textbooks is declining. Teachers of English and computer science choose the same technologies as effective ones: educational platforms, electronic textbooks, mobile applications. Differences were found in the assessment of the least effective technologies: for foreign language teachers these are simulators, for computer science teachers - artificial intelligence.



Project as a final form of implementing research materials in a bachelor's thesis
Abstract
Background. In light of contemporary educational approaches, the development of a project within the framework of a bachelor's thesis has become a necessary condition for demonstrating practice-oriented competencies of graduates. The project allows students to immerse themselves in the specifics of professional activity, express their creative and professional individuality, and offer a new methodological product to a basic organization in the social sphere – one that has undergone initial testing.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of implementing research materials in bachelor's theses, in which the practical component is presented in the form of a social project aimed at solving the problems of a specific client group.
Materials and methods. The research methodology is based on the use of project-based and competence-based approaches in preparing bachelor's students in Social Work for their professional careers. To assess the effectiveness of the project approach in the preparation of final theses, a longitudinal study was conducted.
Results. The article presents a seven-year experience (2018-2024) in applying the project-based approach in bachelor's theses in Social Work. The competencies that are more successfully developed through work on a social project as part of the thesis are identified. The authors outline pedagogical conditions for preparing and defending a thesis using the project approach, including guidelines for project development, the existence of a stable list of partner organizations, and recommendations for applying the research material.
Practical implications. The findings can be applied in teaching methodological project development in Social Work and in real-world cooperation with employers within the framework of bachelor's theses. The results also contribute to promoting project development and implementation as a means of solving practical tasks in the social sphere, as well as expanding cooperation with client organizations.



The technology of patriotic education of Russian police officers: Countering anti-patriotism as a destructive pedagogical factor
Abstract
Background. This article examines the phenomenon of "anti-patriotic myths". The author points out the possibility of developing a destructive worldview among people with anti-patriotic views, which can lead to the formation of a sectarian worldview, extremist and terrorist views.
Purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of anti-patriotism as a destructive pedagogical factor.
Materials and methods. During the research, such methods as a survey (the main method), interviewing, individual conversation, and pedagogical observation were used.
Results. The article presents the results of a study of patriotic and anti-patriotic views of cadets of educational organizations training employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The most significant factors in the formation of anti-patriotic views are listed. The peculiarities of the feeling of patriotism and the cadets are analyzed, the actual tasks of countering the formation of anti-patriotic views are outlined. The main forms of manifestation of anti-patriotism, technologies for countering it are described, and promising areas for fostering a sense of patriotism are identified. The theoretical significance of the article lies in expanding the understanding of the term "anti-patriotism" (and substantiating the means and forms of combating it) as a set of ideological attitudes directed against the state and society, and having a destructive effect on the upbringing of the younger generation. The work makes a definite contribution to countering the spread of anti-patriotic views among young people.



Ontology of the problem of professional competence of future foreign language teachers in India
Abstract
Background. The problem of the professional competence of future teachers of foreign languages in India is complex and multi-faceted. It concerns not only the issues of linguistic training, but also the social, cultural and economic aspects of the country’s educational system.
In the ontological sense, this problem is associated with the concept of professional competence, which implies not just the possession of language, but also a set of knowledge, skills and qualities necessary for the successful performance of pedagogical activities. In the context of India, where multilingualism is the norm and English plays a special role in education and social mobility, the question of competence becomes even more relevant.
The national education policy of India is increasingly focusing on the training of foreign language teachers. However, there are certain challenges that need to be overcome: a sharp lack of teachers in the field of the teaching methodology of foreign languages, the lack of unified criteria and procedures for the assessment of professional competence.
Purpose is to define and study the essence and factors of the indicated problem in the Indian and domestic scientific and educational discussion.
Materials and methods. In this study, a set of theoretical methods were applied: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, aggregation, integration and classification. The use of comparative analysis allowed to identify the key characteristics of the object of the study. The research is based on scientific publications on this topic, as well as the regulatory and legal basis.
Results. The formation of the modern profile of competence of foreign language teachers in India is largely due to the National Education Policy (NEP), approved in 2020. The requirements for the qualification of teachers vary depending on the level of education. At the initial and preparatory stages of learning, the emphasis is made on the development of the oral communication of students in a foreign language. At the end of the secondary education, the formation of reading and writing skills is expected. In the high school, the teacher must ensure that students reach a level of effective communication, including reasoning and argumentation, in both oral and written form.
Despite this, the education system of India faces a number of challenges: class overload, staff deficit, excess administrative burden, priority of written communication, lack of unified policy regarding foreign languages by the educational councils of different states, insufficient attention to the linguistic and cultural aspect in the training of teachers in a number of universities.



The process of teaching anti-financial fraud and individual risk management in a non-economic university
Abstract
Background. Among the key trends of the modern economy are digitalization, the growth in the number of users of banking services, and the activity of citizens in the financial market. The growth of the key rate, attractive deposit conditions, and the ease of starting investment activities through mobile applications contribute to the development of this segment. This trend is also understood by those who want to earn money illegally and, as a result, the growth in the number of cases of financial fraud. In these conditions, it is necessary not only to improve financial literacy and learn how to improve your well-being, but also to learn how to combat financial fraud and interact with law enforcement agencies.
Purpose. Consider the possibilities of training in combating financial fraud and managing individual risks as part of improving the financial literacy of students at non-economic universities
Materials and methods. In working on the article, the following were used: analysis of sources containing experience in implementing training courses to combat financial fraud by domestic and foreign specialists, generalization and systematization of the obtained results, modeling of the educational process, a pedagogical experiment to modify existing practices for conducting classes in economic disciplines and applying them in classes at a medical university, observation of students' behavior in classes using modified pedagogical technologies, analysis of the results of applying pedagogical technologies for teaching to combat financial fraud and manage individual risks.
Results. Since the beginning of the transition to a market economy in our country, there have been cases of fraud and illegal enrichment of citizens. A significant part of the population has acquired the sad experience of investing in financial pyramids. But during this period of time, economic education was carried out mainly in specialized universities and the overwhelming majority of the population did not have the opportunity to study financial literacy. Measuring the level of financial literacy in Russia began in 2012. The results of the research made it possible to form training programs in accordance with the national strategy. Over time, the country's economy was transformed, a digital economy appeared. The population gained access to information resources. Financial pyramids have become isolated cases, and the attackers have mastered digital technologies. Today, despite the growth of financial literacy, the number of victims of their actions is growing. Law enforcement agencies have accumulated extensive experience in bringing to justice under Article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but to initiate a case, it is necessary to record the fact of fraud itself, i.e. there must be an appeal from the victim. And according to the statistics of the Bank of Russia, in case of financial fraud, only 27.7% contact the police and almost the same number (27.3%) do not contact anyone. As the experiment showed, the introduction of a lesson in the educational process devoted to issues of counteracting fraudsters and interaction with law enforcement agencies finds a positive response among students. Generation "Z" is closer to online services, and, accordingly, the possibilities of their use in education. Training in drawing up a competent application and submitting an appeal in the form of an electronic document is positively perceived by Zoomers. Firstly, the action works in a digital environment familiar to them, and secondly, there is no need for personal communication and an additional stressful situation. Young people, as a rule, are withdrawn and reluctant to make personal contact. At the moment, work is underway on gamification of the developed courses "Financial Literacy" and "Counteracting Financial Fraud and Individual Risk Management". Taken together, the implemented training methods and technologies will contribute to increasing not only the financial literacy and security of citizens, but also to effectively combating fraudsters.



Formation of pedagogical creativity in future primary school teachers within the higher education system
Abstract
The article explores the specifics of the development of pedagogical creativity in future primary school teachers. It emphasizes the importance of effectively organizing teacher training by creating pedagogical conditions within higher education that immerse students in real professional activity. Based on a theoretical analysis of the works of both Russian and international scholars, the authors identify the features of the staged immersion of students in professional practice, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of the educational process at each stage of study.
The research aims to establish a correlation between the professional development of primary school teachers and the objectives of fostering pedagogical creativity within the higher professional education system of the Russian Federation. It is suggested that the current potential of the higher education system supports the formation of pedagogical creativity in future educators.
The purpose of the study is to examine the process of developing pedagogical creativity in future primary school teachers as part of the higher education curriculum.
Materials and methods. The methodology includes a review and analysis of scientific literature on the professional training of educators, as well as the development of a structural model.
Results. The article presents a model for the formation of pedagogical creativity in future primary school teachers, detailing the characteristics of each stage of its development. Special attention is given to aspects that foster the formation of professional pedagogical qualities, the integration of research activities, and the inclusion of creative tasks in the educational process of future teachers. The results are addressed to academic staff, postgraduate students, students of teacher training institutions, education methodologists, and those interested in the issues of primary general education.
Conclusion. The formation of pedagogical creativity in future primary school teachers is relevant not only within the modern educational system but also in all areas of human activity, as only a creative teacher can nurture a creative learner.



Strategies and problems of the residents' professional adaptation: The expert opinions and estimates
Abstract
Background. The residents’ professional adaptation is an important aspect of their practical activities having an effect on the success of their career prospects. To understand strategies and problems, which the residents face in the process of professional adaptation, we consulted experts in this field – the teachers of clinical departments at the medical universities and the residents’ tutors among the physicians of the healthcare organizations. The present article deals with their view on this problem and suggestions for its solution.
Purpose – revealing of the expert opinions and experience in organizing the residents’ adaptation, assessment of changes in the system of the young specialists’ training and support, and their influence on the residents’ professional development.
Materials and methods. To obtain in-depth and detailed understanding of the expert opinions about the residents’ professional adaptation, qualitative methodology is applied. The basic research method is in-depth interviews with experts according to the authors’- developed original questionnaire.
Results. The carried out research shows that the major factors of the tutors’ motivation for work with residents are the opportunity of sharing knowledge and experience, as well as personal qualities, such as communication skills and the passion for the profession. The tutoring of experienced physicians is treated as the activities being of benefit to both the young specialists, and the tutors themselves, and helping to improve ethical and moral climate in the team, to develop the processes of knowledge and experience sharing as well.
The important adaptation stage is individual acquaintance and identifying education trajectory for each resident. The respondents pointed to such shortcomings in the residents’ training system, as large volume of theoretical training in the first months of education resulting in the motivation decrease; expressed concerns that increase of work at the simulation centers would bring to decrease of the residents’ communicative competences.
The teachers and tutors mentioned the appearance of risks during implementation of the project on employment of the second-year residents as resident-physicians.



The integration of artificial intelligence into foreign language teaching of maritime students: preparation for professional interviewing
Abstract
Background. In the context of the continuous shifts in the modern labour market and the escalating competitiveness among students of maritime specialties, there is an increasing demand for the training of highly qualified specialists in the maritime industry, who are able to interact effectively with international partners at a professional level. In this respect, the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) to improve foreign language teaching methods for students of maritime subjects is especially relevant. This is fully justified under the conditions of globalisation and the digital transformation of the educational sphere.
Purpose. The purpose is to determine the effectiveness of generative AI application in the process of building foreign language professional communicative competence of maritime students by modelling realistic scenarios of job interviews in shipping companies.
Materials and methods. The present study adopted a comprehensive approach, integrating theoretical and empirical methods of analysis. The theoretical basis was established through a comprehensive review of normative and educational documents, with the aim of identifying the fundamental requirements for the educational process. This was complemented by a thorough examination of scientific and educational literature, as well as methodological literature, on the application of AI in education and linguodidactics, thus enabling the identification of current trends and the potential of technologies for teaching maritime students. The empirical element of the study involved modelling, describing and analysing professional interview scenarios using generative AI models, the observation of students' learning activities, and the conduction of interviews to obtain feedback on the perception and effectiveness of the new techniques.
Results. The research yielded an innovative methodology for training students of maritime specialities at Sevastopol State University for professional interviews in international shipping companies. The developed three-stage training model, combining the creation of a database of questions, simulation of interviews using generative (AI) and practising skills through business games, demonstrated high efficiency in the formation of both linguistic and professional competences of students, in addition to soft skills deemed integral for a successful career in the maritime industry. The integration of generative AI within the training framework of maritime students has been found to expand the scope of opportunities for effective preparation for professional interviewing. The implementation of this methodology has been identified as a significant contributor to the modernisation of the educational process, rendering it more personalised, effective and aligned with the precise requirements of the contemporary labour market.



Formation of general professional competencies of future teachers in the context of digital transformation of education
Abstract
Background. General professional competencies, as an intermediate link between universal and professional ones, remain less noticeable in the training of future teachers, since at the beginning of training the emphasis is placed on the formation of universal competencies, and at the graduation - professional ones. The coupling of the process of forming general professional competencies with the use of digital technologies as an integral tool in the professional activity of a teacher, including an electronic diary, electronic document management, remote means of communication, etc., necessitates the creation of a model of such coupling.
Purpose – to describe a model of training future teachers at a university, which reflects the process of forming the general professional competencies of future teachers using digital technologies, which determines the content, organizational forms, and methods of their training, contributing to improving the quality of their training.
Materials and methods. The research used methods of theoretical and empirical research, statistical information processing.
Results. The model includes the target, content and procedural blocks. The content-positional, accompanying and information-fixing functions of digital technologies are defined.
The decomposition of the formulation of general professional competence into a key concept, its characteristic properties and the actions of the trainee in using the concept allows the integration of digital technologies into each general professional competence. The implementation of the model in the process of training future teachers at the university has shown positive dynamics in the development of cognitive, activity and value components of general professional competence.



Conceptual design of the adaptive physical culture system in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation using IDEF0 notation
Abstract
Background. The necessity to develop an effective Adaptive Physical Culture (APC) system in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is dictated by the increasing number of military personnel with disabilities, as well as the state's obligations regarding their social and professional integration and rehabilitation, requiring a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach.
Purpose. To scientifically justify and conceptually design an APC system for military personnel with disabilities, aimed at enhancing physical rehabilitation efficiency, improving psychological well-being, and facilitating social and professional adaptation of this category of military personnel.
Materials and methods. Analysis of regulatory legal documents, Ministry of Defense orders, and methodological guidelines was carried out. Conceptual design methods and functional modeling techniques using IDEF0 notation were applied.
Results. The main structural components of the proposed system (regulatory and legal, organizational, scientific-methodological, staffing, medical-rehabilitation, logistical, etc.) were defined, with a clear description of each component's functions. Target indicators and tasks aimed at improving the physical and psychological conditions, as well as social integration of military personnel with disabilities, were established. Roles of various project participants (physical training specialists, medical personnel, researchers, etc.) were outlined. A visual conceptual model of the system using IDEF0 notation, reflecting interactions between elements, was presented. Potential contradictions and implementation constraints were identified, and further research directions for improving adaptive physical culture within the military were proposed.



Didactic potential of digital technologies in linguistic education of university students
Abstract
Background. The integration of digital technologies into the educational process set the task of identifying their potential in foreign language training, necessary for effective interaction of university graduates in the global information space. Using the example of teaching Chinese to linguistics students the authors identify the didactic potential of modern digital technologies, which is manifested in the improvement of lexical competence, the development of speech skills, and increased motivation of students.
Purpose. Revealing the didactic potential of digital instruments in the formation of the lexical competence of students-linguists studying Chinese.
Materials and methods. The article is based on the integration of content-analysis of national and foreign pedagogical and linguo-didactic scientific works, analysis of advanced pedagogical experience and empirical methods, including observation, survey, and experiential learning. Mathematical methods were used to track the formation of students' linguistic competence.
Results. Modernization of foreign language education in the university actualises the appeal of computer linguodidactics to the study of the potential of digital technologies in the development of students’ foreign language communicative competence. In university education digital technologies are becoming an innovative tool for foreign language education, stimulating the development of communicative, cognitive, and interactive skills, increasing motivation, activity, and independence of students in the educational process. An automated verification system and feedback provide instant checking of the results which allows quickly identify mistakes and correct them. Interactive whiteboard Miro and Wordwall platform are the tools for visualizing foreign language vocabulary, speeding up memorization of the word’s form, meaning and contextual usage of words interactively. Subtitling helps understand the grammatical and pragmatic features of the language and develop auditive skills. The use of digital technologies in forming lexical competence of Chinese language students confirms their potential in forming language skills and personalisation of linguistic education, allowing to adapt a task to every students level and their needs, offering flexibility in choosing the pace and form of learning. With proper use, digital technologies become a universal methodological resource for effective learning of a foreign language.



Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers
Abstract
Background. Modern documents regulating state policy in the field of education (the national project "Youth and children", the national project "Personnel", etc.), as the priority goals of the national development of the Russian Federation put forward the improvement of the process of professional training of future specialists. In this regard, the problem of training a competitive specialist in the field of education, who is able to efficiently and effectively implement professional and pedagogical functions in practice, becomes urgent.
Purpose. The purpose is to describe the implementation of psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the successful formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers.
Materials and methods. Analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem, pedagogical experiment, observation, Fisher's φ-criterion for mathematical data processing.
Results. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, the concept of professional subjectivity of a future teacher is clarified as a complex integrative personality quality of a future education specialist associated with his activity, independence and initiative in educational and professional activities, allowing him to successfully and creatively master and put into practice future professional and pedagogical functions. Based on the results of the research analysis, psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers are proposed, taking into account the specifics of the educational space of the pedagogical university. Based on the results of the conducted pedagogical experiment, the effectiveness of the implementation of pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers in the study of pedagogical disciplines by students has been proved.



Psychological Studies
Infantilism of the adult generation as an inevitable modern reality
Abstract
Background. The article is devoted to the problem of kidultism – the infantilism of the adult generation as an inevitable reality of our time. In today's culture, where it is completely acceptable to deny one's own age, there are young people who want to become adults early and, conversely, adults who want to be forever young. Age boundaries, along with attitudes and lifestyles, have become uncertain and fluid. It is assumed that modern reality, with its media, market and advertising, has played a fundamental role in this transformation of life stages, gradually blurring the criteria for measuring youth, which has given people who have become older more opportunities to maintain the impression of youth.
Methodology. The article examines how the escape of people from their biological age through the desire to wear teenage clothes, anti-aging procedures, search for extreme experiences and entertainment, lack of investment in long-term relationships and property becomes a natural process of standardization of the modern lifestyle of young people and middle-aged people. Various definitions of kidultism as a symbol of immaturity, avoidance of responsibility and escape from adult identity are compared. To achieve the purpose of the research, a comparative respondents’ study of different age groups was conducted using A.A. Seregina’s questionnaire “Level of infantilism”. Statistical comparison of the study results was carried out using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results. The results of the research allow us to diagnose the level of infantilism for people of different age groups. Typical features and psychological characteristics of kidults are determined, starting with immaturity and ending with a high level of suggestibility and irresponsibility.
Practical implications. The main approaches to understanding kidults as an age and activity group are highlighted, and the interpretation of their psychological portrait is determined from the point of view including culture, social spheres, anthropology and developmental psychology. The results of the diagnostic study can be applied to determine the level of infantilism for people of different age groups, which will allow for psychological and pedagogical support of respondents and identify opportunities for psychological counseling.



Motivational and value component of professional and personal readiness of future defectologists
Abstract
Background. The article describes some psychological features of the structure of personal readiness of future defectologists to professional activity. The article analyses the results of the establishing experiment, the participants of which were students of FSBEI VO ‘Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin’.
Purpose. The aim of the research is to study the motivational component of professional and personal readiness of future defectology specialists to work with people with disabilities, including participants of a special military operation.
The features of motivational orientation of future defectologists are revealed: the main meaning-forming value orientations, motivation to achieve success and features of the structure of the motivational sphere of students of defectology education.
Materials and methods. The sample: 348 full-time students studying in the directions of training ‘Special (defectological) education’. The following methods of studying the motivational-value component of professional and personal readiness of future defectologists were used as the basis of the confirmatory experiment: ‘Diagnostics of motivational structure of personality’ (V.E. Milman), the method ‘Free choice of values’ (E.B. Fantalova), the scale of assessment of the need for achievement by Y.M. Orlov.
Results. According to the results of the establishing experiment, we have revealed that not only professional competences received by future defectologists during the period of higher education, but also their personal qualities that contribute to effective interaction and understanding of people, including those with disabilities, are important for future defectologists. The obtained data regarding the motivational orientation of future defectologists indicate that the majority of students (about 70%) have a moderately expressed motivation to achieve success and about 29% of students are weakly motivated. In the structure of motivational sphere of future defectologists impulsive and expressive type of motivational profile of personality prevail, which reflects the peculiarities of student age and personality characteristics of this group.
Conclusions. We have studied and analysed some indicators of motivational orientation of future defectologists, the results of the study indicate the need to increase the motivation and interest of defectology students in achieving success and improving their performance.



Approaches to designing the educational experience of students in higher education
Abstract
Background. Designing the experience of learners in the digital environment is an integral component of the development and implementation of modern higher education programs. At the same time, the genesis of the term remains poorly understood, which creates barriers to process management.
Purpose is to analyze existing approaches to the definition, systematize the available data and propose an empirical model for designing educational experience. Hypothesis: when implementing online learning in higher education, it is necessary to pay attention not only to organizational aspects and methodology, but also to various psychological characteristics of the group.
Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 86 teachers and 1185 students from leading Russian universities. To evaluate the results, the methodology of L. B. Schneider and the author's questionnaires were used.
Results. Designing educational experience is an activity aimed at creating and implementing projects in the field of education, which is aimed at acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities by students, which in turn shape the personality and transform thinking. The key stages of design and the main psychological characteristics that must be taken into account when developing educational programs are identified. The study may be useful in the context of the development of digital education in Russian universities.



The value of family and parenthood in the eyes of modern students
Abstract
Background. The value attitude of modern student youth to the family is an urgent social problem, the solution of which largely determines the demographic future of our country. In addition, the importance of this issue is particularly significant in the context of the crisis of the family as a system, declining birth rate, as well as the orientation of young people to a later date of starting a family and having children.
Purpose. On the basis of theoretical and empirical data to describe the attitude of modern student youth to family creation, the value of family and parenthood for modern students.
Materials and methods. The main research methods were theoretical analysis and empirical experiment. Theoretical method allowed us to study and generalise the domestic experience of family value formation. In the course of empirical research the method of questionnaire survey was applied. The results of the study are presented in the form of diagrams.
Results. Theoretical analysis has allowed us to state that in modern conditions the formation of family values has been transformed under the influence of the popularisation of various non-standard models of family relationships in the media and Internet resources; the growing tendencies of ‘child-free’, i.e. conscious refusal to have children; the transformation of views from traditional family to informal relationships, as well as the preference for building a career and achieving a high social status. The questionnaire survey of students conducted in the course of the empirical research focuses the attention of researchers on the problem of young people's attitudes towards marriage, family formation and the birth of children in the family. Today's students intend to start a family and have children in the future, but at the same time they believe that having a child may hinder their professional career.
They fear that they will not be able to combine their responsibilities at home and at work. Many also note that low income and difficult life circumstances do not favour the birth of children. The results of this study contribute to the expansion of both theoretical facts about the peculiarities of reproductive behaviour of student youth and practical data that can be successfully applied in individual and family psychotherapy and psychological counselling of young families.



Psychological readiness for marriage of boys and girls during their student years
Abstract
Background. Modern society is undergoing a transformation of marital and family values, which is manifested in an increasing number of divorces, postponement of marriage to a later age and the spread of alternative forms of relationships (cohabitation, childfree). The student period is key for the formation of marital and family attitudes, however, research shows that only 5% of students demonstrate sufficient readiness for family life. Despite the relevance of the topic, there are not enough works studying the specifics of psychological readiness for marriage among students. This determines the need for research to identify the level and characteristics of such readiness, taking into account gender differences.
Purpose. To identify the level and features of psychological readiness for marriage among students, as well as to analyze gender differences in marital and family attitudes.
Materials and methods. The study involved 60 students (30 girls and 30 boys) aged 18-22 from Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University. The following experimental methods were used: the "Family Readiness Assessment Card" test (I.F. Yund), the "Motivational readiness for marriage" questionnaire (S.V. Zholudeva), the "Moral readiness for Marriage" questionnaire (E.K. Pogodina), the author's questionnaire, which includes questions about attitudes to marriage during the student period. For statistical data processing, the Student's criterion was used to compare groups.
Results. The study showed that the majority of students (82%) have a low level of moral readiness for marriage. Only 5% of the participants demonstrated sufficient readiness for family life, while 77% were at an average (satisfactory) level. Girls are more likely than boys to be oriented towards marriage with a specific person (t=4.78, p<0.01) and show a higher moral readiness (t=5, p<0.01). Boys are more likely to be inclined to "abstract marriage" (52%), that is, they do not have clear criteria for choosing a partner. These data reflect current trends: young people are postponing marriage, more often choosing alternative forms of relationships and demonstrating a lack of awareness in matters of family life.



Actual problems of formation of a socially active personality in the educational space of the university
Abstract
Background. In today's rapidly changing global transformations, individuals are losing the ability to control both internal and external processes. The high level of uncertainty in the environment creates a risky contextual field that destabilizes an individual's stable psycho-emotional state, leading to increased anxiety and feelings of helplessness. Individuals lose the capacity to manage their own emotions, choices, actions, and overall situations. Modern social reality emphasizes the need for developing a resilient, conscious personality with a socially active stance, capable of maintaining stability within a constantly evolving objective space by relying on a system of values, beliefs, and views. The authors propose an integrative approach to studying the complex mechanism of forming a socially active personality. This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the phenomenon of awareness as a reflection of objective reality through objectification of meanings, which serves as a fundamental element of stabilization and resilience in conditions of environmental uncertainty, as well as reflexive, meaningful, and activity-based components.
Purpose. The study of mindfulness as the foundation for the formation of personal worldview within the framework of social and individual values.
Materials and methods. The main research method is scientific-theoretical analysis. The article is based on a range of sources, including foundational works, scholarly publications, and materials from conferences and seminars, which allows for a comprehensive examination of the development of a socially active personality in the educational context.
Results. The essence of the concepts "values," "value structure," "legal consciousness," and "patriotism" collectively enable an individual to take an active position in society by consciously integrating socially accepted norms into their inner world. It is essential to develop a priority direction—axiologizing the educational space of universities. A typology of values is considered, with basic traditional values serving as the foundation for the formation of patriotism and legal consciousness. These categories are examined in terms of the axiological basis of the pedagogical process as a whole.



Impact of conscientiousness and extraversion on job satisfaction among academic staff in south-western Nigerian tertiary institutions: A cross-institutional analysis
Abstract
Background. Amidst growing demands on academic staff such as increasing student populations, research pressures, and limited resources, it is expedient to address a critical gap in understanding personality dynamics within a unique non-Western academic context to inform recruitment and workplace enhancement strategies.
Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits (specifically conscientiousness and extraversion) and job satisfaction among academic staff in South-Western Nigerian tertiary institutions, addressing a significant research gap in understanding these dynamics within this specific context.
Materials and methods. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 384 academic staff across six selected tertiary institutions in South-Western Nigeria through purposive sampling and a structured questionnaire.
Results. Key findings revealed a significant positive relationship between conscientiousness and job satisfaction (RІ = 0.331, F (4,379) = 46.173, p < 0.05), indicating that conscientiousness accounts for 33.1% of the variance in job satisfaction. Extraversion demonstrated an even stronger effect on job satisfaction (RІ = 0.562, F (5,378) = 96.911, p < 0.05), explaining 56.2% of the variance. These results contribute to the Traits Theory of Personality by providing empirical support for its applicability in non-Western academic settings. The study also offers practical implications for recruitment, professional development, and retention strategies in tertiary institutions. The strong influence of extraversion on job satisfaction suggests the potential benefits of fostering more socially engaging and collaborative work environments.
The novelty of this research lies in its focus on South-Western Nigerian tertiary institutions, offering context-specific insights that can inform targeted interventions to enhance job satisfaction in this particular academic setting. By examining these relationships in a non-Western context, the study contributes to a more globally comprehensive understanding of personality traits and job satisfaction in academia.



Openness to the future of youth in a situation uncertainties
Abstract
Background. In our rapidly evolving society, the younger generation often encounters situations of ambiguity. Some researchers attribute risk-taking to personal traits such as self-activation, self-esteem, emotional stability, and locus of control (M.A. Odintsovo, D.V. Lubovsky, E.I. Kuzmina, V.A. Bodrov, Rapokhin I.P., Kochetkov V.V., Skotnikova I.G., et al.). Despite the variety of existing theories on personal potential in psychology (D.A. Leontiev, M.S. Kagan, V.N. Markov), the question of incorporating the concept of «openness to the future» into its framework remains unresolved. One of the hallmarks of this concept is self-assurance in the face of uncertainty.
Purpose – consideration of the phenomenon of «openness to the future» in a situation of uncertainty among young people.
Materials and methods. The empirical study was conducted using three psychodiagnostic methods: the resilience test (S. Muddy's method, D. Leontiev's adaptation), the R. Schwarzer and M. Yerusalem scale of self-efficacy, and the scale of openness to the future (Russian adaptation by A.S. Hegai, A.A. Zolotareva, T.A. Kashtanova, Yu.S. Vitko, and A.A. Lebedeva). The primary data was statistically processed using the IBM.SPSS.Statistics.Version 22 program.
Results. The study revealed a direct relationship between openness to the future in a situation of uncertainty and the components of personal potential (resilience, self-efficacy) in young people. Similar conclusions can be traced in other domestic and foreign scientific papers. Thus, openness to the future is considered a component of personal potential in a situation of uncertainty. A promising area for further research in this area is to increase the sample size of respondents and analyze the relationship between other characteristics of personal potential (including substructures such as the potential for choice and self-determination) and openness to the future. The findings obtained will be of great assistance to practicing psychologists in their work with young individuals, enabling them to shape their vision of the future.



Self-concept of a bilingual personality: Metasystem approach
Abstract
Background. Despite the significant number of works devoted to the study of self-concept and bilingualism, the study of the self-concept of a bilingual personality within the framework of the metasystem approach has not yet been carried out.
The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in the content of the subsystem level of the self-concept of a bilingual personality with different levels of proficiency in the second language.
Materials and methods. The sample included productive and receptive bilinguals studying in the universities of Irkutsk (N = 260). The study of the subsystem level of the self-concept of a bilingual personality was carried out with the help of factor analysis (principal components analysis using Varimax rotation).
Results. The subsystem level of the self-concept system of a productive bilingual personality is represented by the following subsystems: communicative self, empathic self, adaptive self, cooperative self, value self, successful self, regulatory self. The subsystem level of the self-concept system of receptive bilinguals is also represented by seven subsystems, two of which essentially coincide with subsystems of productive bilinguals (“communicative self” and “value self”), but differ in content: communicative self, social self, value self, competitive self, acceptance of self and others, goal-oriented self, emotional resilience.



Features of socio-psychological adaptation of young people with emotional disorders to the conditions of professional education
Abstract
Background. The problem of socio-psychological adaptation of young people with emotional disorders to the conditions of professional training is actualized, the solution of which will contribute to the harmonization of students` internal states and create conditions for improving the quality of professional training.
Objective. The purpose of the article is to present the results of research activities aimed at analyzing psychological and pedagogical conditions that can effectively solve the problems of socio-psychological adaptation of young people with emotional disorders to the conditions of professional training. The authors aim to present the experience of implementing a model of psychological and pedagogical support for young people with emotional disorders at the stage of adaptation to professional training conditions.
Methods are based for research activities, which analyzes the psychological and pedagogical conditions that increase the level of socio-psychological adaptation to the conditions of vocational training for young people with emotional disorders and correctional work aimed at overcoming the difficulties of student development in the process of psychological and pedagogical support at the university.
Results. Psychological and pedagogical conditions have been identified that allow solving the problems of socio-psychological adaptation of young people with emotional disorders to the conditions of professional training. The results of experimental research work are presented which make it possible to identify the dynamics in the manifestation of emotional disorders and the influence of certain methods of psychological and pedagogical influence on them in order to harmonize the internal state.
The scope of the results. The results of the study can be used in the course of psychological and pedagogical support at the stage of adaptation to the conditions of professional training, as well as in the course of educational activities. The obtained results can become the basis for the realization of self-development and self-improvement of young people.



Specificity of experience psychological time and dysfunctional metacognitive models as consequences of experience traumatic events in childhood
Abstract
Background. The traumatic experience, which is quite common, is not perceived linearly. The memory of trauma is often subjectively felt outside the chronological structure of ordinary life, “stuck” and repeating itself as a fragment, disrupting the sense of reality and its temporal processes. The resulting temporal distortion or gap hinders the process of overcoming traumatic experience. Dysfunctional metacognitive models and ineffective coping strategies that appear against the background of impaired temporal perception contribute to the development of the consequences of traumatization and hinder post-traumatic growth. The relevance of studying the temporal matrix of experiencing traumatic experience lies in its significance for a comprehensive understanding of how time is transformed and experienced under the influence of psychological trauma.
Purpose – analysis of the structural components and functioning of the temporal matrix of traumatic experience, revealing the patterns of determination by traumatic events experienced in childhood, the specifics of psychological time and dysfunctional metacognitions that disrupt personality adaptation.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 101 (78 women and 23 men) adults aged 18 to 54 years (M = 31.80, SD = 8.32). The study included a survey of participants using questionnaires and testing procedures. The following methods were used: a questionnaire to study the demographic and biographical data of the subjects; a questionnaire aimed at studying the degree of victimization (Victimization protocol); F. Zimbardo's time perspective questionnaire; a questionnaire of metacognitive beliefs; a questionnaire of coping with stress COPE-30. To study the main relationships between the variables, identify the factor structure and multiple regression, the SPSS version 22.0 program was used.
Results. There is a relationship between traumatic experience, dysfunctional metacognitions, time perspectives, strategies of avoiding experience and denial. A factor structure was identified, which we called the "temporal matrix of traumatic experience" (or "traumatic temporal matrix"), including five components: victimization in the past and present, violation of psychological time, dysfunctional coping strategies, dysfunctional metacognitions, and avoidance of experience. The results of regression for the dependent variable showed the determination of the factor structure by the presence of traumatic experience. Thus, experiencing traumatic events leads to the emergence of a specific rigid construct consisting of a negative assessment of the past and fixation on it, with a fatalistic perception of the present; dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, including distrust of one's own perceptual processes and a belief in the inability to control emotions; dysfunctional coping strategies and strategies for avoiding painful experience. This study increases the awareness of specialists in the specifics of experiencing traumatic experience and can be used in practice aimed at post-traumatic growth.



Dynamics of self-concept in the process of psychotherapy of narcissistic personalities as the focus of empirical research: Theoretical justification and methodological guidelines
Abstract
Background. Narcissistic personality disorders represent a complex pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, masking a fragile and vulnerable self. Therapy of patients with narcissistic personality traits is associated with technical difficulties and specific factors of process and outcome. One of the key focuses in the psychotherapy of narcissism is working through the defects of self-concept. However, there is a clear lack of systematic studies on the dynamics of the narcissistic self in the process of therapy. Conceptualization of regular transformations of self-concept in individuals with narcissistic personality traits under the influence of psychotherapy will allow differentiating targets and strategies of therapeutic work, predicting crises and evaluating intermediate results.
Purpose – to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for an empirical study of the dynamics of self-concept in the process of psychotherapy of persons with narcissistic personality disorders.
Materials and methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis of the concepts of narcissism, models of self-concept, ideas about the dynamics of self in therapy. Systematization, generalization and operationalization of theoretical constructs for building the methodology of empirical research.
Results. The specificity of the self-concept of persons with narcissistic personality traits, its polar structure, and conflicting dynamics of self-modalities are theoretically substantiated and described. The main directions and mechanisms of changing the narcissistic self in the process of therapy are considered: destruction of grandiosity, acceptance of the vulnerable self, achievement of self-cohesion. A plan for an empirical study of the dynamics of self-concept of narcissistic patients in the process of undergoing psychoanalytic therapy is presented, including a description of the design, stages, methods and hypothetical results of the work.



Perform-therapy as a method for restoring identity under conditions of postmodernist fragmentation
Abstract
Background. The identity crisis caused by the cultural context of postmodernism manifests in fragmentation, ironic detachment, and the loss of the ability for symbolic participation. Contemporary psychotherapeutic approaches partially address this challenge, yet they either reproduce modernist assumptions about a coherent self or employ postmodern deconstruction as a therapeutic strategy. Perform-therapy, grounded in Raoul Eshelman’s theory of performatism, is proposed as a new psychotherapeutic paradigm capable of restoring existential engagement without resorting to naive idealism.
Purpose. To provide a theoretical foundation for perform-therapy as a method for restoring identity under conditions of postmodern fragmentation of subjectivity and the loss of symbolic involvement.
Materials and methods. The primary method is comparative theoretical analysis, based on the juxtaposition of cultural and philosophical foundations of psychotherapeutic paradigms (modernism, postmodernism, performatism). The analysis draws on the works of Raoul Eshelman, neuropsychological studies of symbolic behavior, and observations from clinical practice. Elements of cognitive neuroscience and the anthropology of ritual serve as empirical support for interpreting therapeutic mechanisms.
Results. Perform-therapy is presented as an independent therapeutic model, distinct from narrative and existential therapies across several parameters: the nature of narrative, the role of artificiality, the function of irony, the client's mode of participation, and the ontological metaphor of therapy. Its central mechanism is double framing, through which the client recognizes the artificiality of the therapeutic frame yet embraces it as authentic, thereby bridging the gap between knowledge and belief. This stance is shown to activate universal cognitive-affective mechanisms, including the default mode network and ritual behavioral patterns, thus restoring the subject’s capacity for experience, action, and symbolic integration. Perform-therapy is found to be particularly effective in working with clients exhibiting features of postmodern identity (hyper-reflection, fragmentation of self, emotional alienation), and it is also applicable in self-therapy and culturally sensitive interventions. The proposed concept opens up prospects for the development of new forms of symbolic therapy suited to the post-postmodern era.



Narrative art therapy as a means of correcting the tendency to addictions in students
Abstract
Background. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient study of the synthesis of narrative and art therapy methods in the context of university correction. Most studies focus on clinical populations, while the preventive use of this approach in the educational environment remains poorly studied. In addition, the specificity of student age, characterized by the search for identity and high susceptibility to creative methods, opens up opportunities for the development of age-oriented programs that combine academic tasks with psychological support. Traditional methods based on risk information demonstrate limited effectiveness, which actualizes the search for innovative approaches focused on the deep emotional and cognitive mechanisms of addictions.
Purpose. Development and testing of a narrative art-therapeutic system of measures for the correction of addictive behavior, taking into account the polydependent personality profile of university students.
Materials and methods. The empirical base of the study included 230 students of higher educational institutions of Cheboksary, Chuvashia Republic (M = 18.3; SD = 1.2). Research methods: theoretical analysis of the problem of research on correction, therapy, prevention of addictions in students in scientific literature, pedagogical experiment (ascertaining, formative and control stages), quantitative, qualitative, statistical analysis of data (Spearman correlation measure (rₛ), Pearson χ²-criterion).
Results. The polydependent profile of students represents a dimensional variant of addictive behavior, where core elements (nicotine and digital addictions) act as predictors of comorbidity, and peripheral ones are compensatory adaptation mechanisms. Targeted correction should focus on strengthening self-government functions and forming alternative coping strategies. Narrative art therapy promotes the activation of self-regulation resources by combining reflection (narrative) and creative catharsis (art practice), which enhances emotional literacy and coping strategies. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the integration of narrative and art therapeutic methods in the context of addiction correction in students, as well as in identifying specific mechanisms that mediate the relationship between creative self-expression, reflection and reducing the risk of addictive behavior.



Psychological factors of people's willingness to interact with social robots: Review of domestic and foreign research
Abstract
Background. One of the directions of using robots is their introduction into the sphere of social services for citizens. Research is underway in Russia and abroad related to the creation and improvement of social robots with high potential for interpersonal interaction, which is extremely important in such areas as education, healthcare and social services. This technology opens up new horizons for improving the level of service and effective communication with various user groups, including children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of domestic and foreign publications devoted to the study of factors determining people's willingness to interact with social robots.
Research methods. A search and subsequent content analysis of domestic (RSCI) foreign (Web of Science, Scopus, Semantic Scholar) publications was performed. The purpose of the content analysis was to analyze the fields of application of social robots, identify their functional features and systematize psychological factors related to people's willingness to interact with these robotic technologies.
The results of the study shows that the level of anthropomorphism of a social robot, the presence of gender characteristics in the robot, and the degree of their intellectual characteristics require taking into account the context of using a social robot. People's willingness to interact with a social robot is associated with a number of intrapersonal (openness to new technologies, experience interacting with robotic systems, trust in technical devices, hedonistic motivation) and external factors (age, environmental conditions in which interaction with a social robot is carried out).


