No 2 (2023)

The appearance of the facts of spoken phonetics is due to the situation of speech, first of all, the inclination to the informal, non-public, relaxed, routine nature of communication. Is it possible to talk about conversational accents? It is plausible to recognize the presence of the phenomenon of conversational stress only when the same person's speech changes the place of stress in the same words and word forms in case the communication situation changes. There are situations in which the speaker ceases to control their speech fully, and, to a certain extent, relaxes. For instance, any educated person knows that the dictionaries require the pronunciation of balovát’, vkliuchít, zhaliuzí, kúchonnyi, sv’ókla, and the person pronounces it when the quality of their speech is important to them and others. But at other times a person can afford to say bálovat’, vkliúchit, zháliuzi, kuchónnyi, sveklá. A native speaker feels that these options do not contradict the laws of the system and are about to become normative, and allows them in the speech. It appears that many new accentological phenomena are tested in colloquial speech before acquiring the status of a full-fledged norm. It seems that the distribution of such variants is the implementation of the opposition codified - colloquial.

The article is devoted to the emergence of neologisms in the Russian language through semantic derivation. The paper presents the case study of the verb orat’ (to yell), which illustrates the appearance of slang lexical-semantic variants of the word. The verb denoting screaming, crying and swearing in Russian literary language now functions in new meanings: ‘laugh’ and ‘experience indignation’. Constructions with this predicate mark the psychological state of a person (fun, joy, admiration, surprise or indignation), which has features of laughter Ya oru (I yell). The prominent specialty of this case is that the combinability of the verb does not correspond to the literary language norm. It has been established that in phrases formed according to a new control model, the new verb orat’ modifies nouns in the genitive case with the prepositions “s” “of” and “from”, while the genitive has the meaning of reason. A dependent word can be a designation of a person Ya oru s tebya / s druga / s Lekhi (I yell of you / of a friend / of Lyokha). It is noted that the slang verb orat’ began to be widely used around 2016, primarily in written formats of Internet communication, mainly among young people, although it can also be used in oral communication. The study reveals that the verb orat’ is mostly used in 1st person, singular (oru), however, the verb implements a complete inflectional paradigm in speech. The article gives assessment of derivational potential of the jargonism orat’ in the span of 5–6 years of functioning, the slang verb orat' acquired derivatives and became part of fixed expressions: proorat', ornut', orevo, orat' v golosinu.

The article is devoted to a comparatively new structure in the language ‘N1 takie N1’ (N1 such N1), actively used in Internet communication. The study is based on the material from the General Internet Corpus of the Russian language. The structure is used mainly in blogs, in hashtags, in community names, that is, in Internet communication, which has a tendency to be excessively expressive and to save language resources. The article discusses structural properties of the phrase, the meaning of its permanent component ‘such’, the synonymy with other tautological constructions, semantics and frequency of nouns in position N1 and semantic and pragmatic features of the construction. The structure is defined as a new psvedvotautological phraseoscheme characterized by reproducibility, idiomaticity and evaluativeness. The phraseoscheme attributes typical, expected features to the subject. The connotative potential of the lexeme (of the noun) is the basis of the evaluative meaning of the structure. It is the connotative meaning of the noun, and not its lexical and grammatical category, that affects the possibility of its using in this phraseoscheme. The specificity of the pragmatic meaning of the phraseoscheme is associated with the subject of evaluation, which forms the tone of the expression (affectionateness, jokiness, irony and mixed shades, for example, tenderness) and the communicative structure of the expression, appropriating the ‘right’ to be evaluated and taking a position of a more significant communicant.

The article presents how the image of a state and municipal employee, reflected in the Russian legislation of the 18th and 21st centuries has changed over the course of years. The article distinguishes main groups of characteristics in historical and modern images: professional and moral and ethical ones. The image of an official of the 21st century includes the semes ‘educated’, ‘experienced’, ‘diligent’, ‘objective’, ‘law-abiding’, ‘fair’, ‘decent’, ‘honest’, ‘benevolent’, ‘polite’ and ‘caring’. The image of an official in the legislation of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great contains the semes 'experienced', 'intelligent', 'reasonable', 'obedient', 'loyal', 'diligent', 'hard-working', 'law-abiding', 'fair', 'honest' , 'conscientious', 'decent', 'modest', 'philanthropic', 'benevolent', 'compassionate', 'polite' and 'selfless'. In the 21st century a number of professional characteristics of an employee has decreased by four times, whereas the number of moral and ethical characteristics has hardly changed. However, most of the historical nominations have been lost. There is a replacement of the former synonymic rows, hyponymic groups with modern generalizing words, including those of foreign origin, so the old semantic accents have practically not been preserved. The historical image of an employee is more expressive, personally oriented, close to the image of an ordinary respectable person. A modern image of an employee is more abstract and stereotypical. While maintaining a moral and ethical orientation of the reference image of an employee in the 21st century ethno-cultural constants “conscience”, “truth”, “justice”, “goodness” and “obedience” have lost their dominant positions. The purposefulness of speech modeling of the “official portrait” of an employee brings together the 18th and the 21st centuries. The Soviet era can be considered a break in the tradition of building and maintaining the reputation of state and municipal employees.

The article is devoted to analysis of a poem written by Boris Slutsky. Boris Abramovich Slutsky (1919–1986), Russian poet and a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, is an important figure in the Russian poetry of the second half of the 20th century. The article examines the poem “They shot Van’ka, the platoon commander…” that was not published until the late 80s. While very simple in form, the poem leaves a great deal of room for interpretation of its content. The author intentionally chooses a restrained tone and avoids judgmental vocabulary that could reveal his attitude towards the depicted events. The article attempts to expose the author’s standpoint by means of stylistic analysis (the poem incudes words and phrases from a wide range of stylistic registers: from obsolete words and bureaucratic formulas to colloquial and vernacular expressions, sometimes even deliberately violating grammatical rules) and by examining the text’s important syntactic features. It is argued that Slutsky’s military background is very important for analysis of his poems. During the war he was a secretary at a division prosecution office, later an investigator. Reflection of this experience that the author himself calls “painful and sordid” can be found in his verses.