Vol 3, No 9 (2019)

The limits of the disposal of one’s own body, individual organs and tissues are not clearly regulated by law, and therefore there are many difficulties in legal realization. Especially problematic is the use of organs after death for another person. In the case of various personal (somatic) rights, despite the lack of a full legal mechanism of their action, you can always starting out from the will of the individual, his individual rights. However, after the death loss of the ability of this volitional aspect and expression of their legitimate interest. We reveal the features and problems of personal (somatic) human rights in the key of cadaveric organ donorship. We analyze current Russian legislation and these norms application practice, we note shortcomings and imperfections of legal regulation of the area of organs removal after the death of a person. In addition, we investigate the religious and dogmatic nature content of acts for the relation to transplantology. We pay particular attention to the presumed consent analysis on removal of organs after death. Also we note the advantages and disadvantages of such a legislative setting. Conclusions about the such rights protection options are formed and the need to create an effective mechanism for the realization of the right of each participant in such relations is emphasized. Based on some foreign countries study experience, we propose an options for the development and improvement of cadaveric donation regulation.

The relevance of this study is due to the importance of the constitutional right of everyone to housing, its inviolability and inalienability. Because of the acute housing problem in the Russian Federation, concerning the lack of funds for the purchase of housing, many young families who need housing and improved living conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the constitutional right to housing, the state of this institution in modern Russia, whose task is to improve housing conditions in the country and provide young families with housing. We achieve the implementation of the tasks with the help of general scientific (dialectical, analysis, synthesis) and specific scientific methods (formal-legal, comparative-legal). We note a number of social and economic conditions and factors affecting the realization of the right to housing for young families in the framework of existing state support programs. We draw a conclusion that at the moment there are a lot of state programs aimed at maintaining the level of the population, which could fulfill the social obligation of the state to its citizens. At the same time, the legislator should pay special attention to improving the legal literacy of the population, the accuracy of the target program activities wording description, the development of a mechanism for their implementation, as well as the development of a methodology for calculating indicators of the effectiveness of such programs.

We consider criminological regularities, tendencies and state of crimes committed in the sphere of land relations. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of crimes committed in this area. We study and analyze statistical data of federal government institution “Main Information and Analysis Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation” on crimes of an economic orientation where the land plot acts as a subject of criminal encroachment. We designate the key factors that directly affect the commission of crimes of the investigated type. Based on the study of criminal cases in the field of land relations we reveal that the age of 45 to 49 years is characterized by the greatest criminal activity. A distinctive feature of crimes committed in the sphere of land relations - the presence of a certain social status-was characterized. The determine features of crimes committed in this sphere are formulated. In addition, we propose a number of constructive measures aimed at preventing crimes committed in the sphere of land relations. We analyze regional programs of subjects of the Russian Federation providing security and protection of private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership. We believe that it is possible to present the prevention of crimes committed in the field of land relations in the form of a plan that includes elements of general and special prevention. The conclusion is formulated and justified on the need to highlight the prevention of crimes committed in the field of land relations as an independent section of the national plan to combat corruption.

We consider the theme of the nonprofit organizations special legal status development in the context of the role and importance of the nonprofit sector in the state social policy. Along these lines, we note the characteristics essence of the Russian state as a social one. We disclose nonprofit organizations special administrative and legal statuses: socially oriented nonprofit organizations, performers of socially useful services, social service providers. The characteristic of dynamics of the legislation establishing the revealed statuses is given. We analyze the conditions and procedure for obtaining these statuses. Thus, we note a wide approach developed in law enforcement practice to the recognition of the activities of nonprofit organizations as socially oriented. We note the nonprofit organizations recognition conditions as executors of socially useful services, as well as the legal consequences implementation problems of obtaining this status. We substantiate public services performers differentiation necessity and social services providers. Some statistical data are given; also we summarize the state policy measures on interaction with the nonprofit sector as a whole, and on the involvement of nonprofit organizations in the sphere of social services. These measures are noted in the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation acts analysis. We highlight and describe the development and adoption process of the draft Federal law “On the state (municipal) social order for the provision of state (municipal) services in the social sphere”, its advantages and disadvantages. To conclude this study, we consider that the state is interested in cooperation with the nonprofit sector, which was embodied and detailed in the identified special status of nonprofit organizations; also we note the prospects for further development of the identified status.

The relevance of the study is due to the importance of finding effective and at the same time humane measures to combat crime of minors that meet the generally accepted principles and norms of international law. The purpose of the study is to consider the international legal norms that form the basis of standards in the field of implementation of the rights of minors involved in the orbit of criminal proceedings. In this study we consider some aspects of the implementation of fair minor’s justice standards in the Russian criminal procedure legislation. Also we analyze the provisions of key regulations in the field of juvenile justice, the practice of their application, as well as doctrinal approaches to the prospect of further improvement of the criminal procedural form of legal proceedings against minors. On the basis of the analysis we highlight the features of the proceedings in the category of criminal cases: criminal prosecution can be initiated only after reaching a certain age; expanded the subject of proof; the production involves additional participants; the establishment of additional grounds and conditions for the use of coercive measures related to the restriction of freedom; confidentiality, which determines the characteristics of the trial; expansion of the range of issues resolved by the court in sentencing. It has been concluded that the existing domestic criminal proceedings the order of proceedings in criminal cases among minor, despite the peculiarities that distinguish it from the general procedure, it is impossible to recognize the self-differentiated procedure.

We consider such social phenomenon as narcotism. This concept goes back to the past. However, in modern conditions there is an activation of the process destroying society and the state. In itself, the concept of narcotism is very extensive and complex, due to its specificity and the set of circumstances that characterize this concept. We consider features of drug addiction, the reasons of emergence and development of this phenomenon are revealed. There are two groups of causes of narcotism: social and physiological. The first group is the most numerous, and the second group without interrelation with social conditions some scientists don't recognize. Narcotism is a very destructive phenomenon that destroys the human body and its social personality, causes dependence. We consider the mechanism of reliance on drugs in two aspects: human adaptation to drugs, physical and mental dependence. Physical and psychological dependence is the most dangerous for a person who has used drugs for the first time. In the future, they form harmful to humans, the habit of consumption of “poison”. We reveal and consider the aspects of society destruction under the influence of this phenomenon. Narcotism has a destructive impact on society, as it contributes to the development of diseases and crime.