No 9 (2025)

The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze the process of development of scientific schools in modern pedagogical university. Research methods and organization. The study employed empirical methods based on analysis, generalization, induction, observation, and experimentation in conjunction with a comprehensive examination of the research object. Historical-evolutionary criteria for classification of the four main types of scientific schools in the Russian Federation have been developed and tested. Research results and conclusions. The study has revealed the characteristics, indicators, and criteria of the activities of scientific schools, as well as the prospects for their development within the modern university context. It elaborates on the fundamental aspects of the emergence, functioning, and exclusion of scientific schools from the registry in both classical and innovative universities.

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of changes to volleyball rules on the sport's entertainment value. Research methods: qualitative analysis of existing records and documents. Research results and conclusions. It has been revealed that the introduction of rules aimed at making volleyball more spectacular and media-friendly has achieved its objectives by reducing game time, utilizing the transition to the rally-point scoring system, and minimizing game interruptions. The introduction of the libero player, originally intended to enhance defense, has also increased the efficiency of attacks. Ultimately, this rule has failed to rectify the imbalance between offense and defense, which is a prerequisite for ensuring the spectacle of the game.

The purpose of the study is to develop physical training programs for students of a pharmaceutical university based on elements of basketball. Research methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, modeling, mathematical and statistical data analysis. Research results and conclusions. It has been demonstrated that the health and physical fitness of students show a consistent trend of declining indicators. As a result of the research, programs for the physical training of students in pharmaceutical universities have been developed based on elements of basketball, along with recommendations for their implementation.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the formation and development of the concept and content of professional and applied physical training based on the study of specialized literature. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, content analysis. Research results and conclusions. The features of the formation and development of the concept and content of professionally applied physical training have been identified, and its essential characteristics have been defined. The obtained data allow for the expansion of the theoretical knowledge regarding the genesis of professionally applied physical training.

The article presents the results of an experiment involving 20 athletes aged between 19 and 23 years, who are engaged in athletics and have a non-differentiated form of connective tissue dysplasia. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of photochromotherapy with green light as a method of rehabilitation for autonomic disorders in athletes. Research methods and organization. The analysis and summarization of scientific and methodological literature, the study of medical documentation, surveys in the form of questionnaires, functional tests, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiments, and statistical-mathematical methods were employed for processing the results. During the experiment, the athletes were divided into two groups: an experimental group that underwent a course of photochromotherapy, and a control group in which the athletes trained in a conventional manner without any additional intervention. Research results and conclusions. The study revealed a significant decrease in the levels of autonomic disturbances and anxiety in the experimental group, indicating the positive impact of photochromotherapy. The appropriateness of integrating this method into the rehabilitation of athletes with connective tissue dysplasia has been confirmed, which may enhance their adaptive capabilities and quality of life.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of non-invasive translingual neurostimulation on shooters' performance and functional indicators in standing shooting with an air rifle, as well as to develop an effective methodology for improving shooting technique using this type of neurostimulation. Research methods and organization. The study employed the following main methods: analysis and summarization of scientific and methodological literature, assessment of the technical preparedness of shooters, pedagogical experiments, as well as experimental research, including a method of non-invasive translingual neurostimulation combined with neuroenergy mapping of the brain. A comprehensive analysis of the technical and functional preparedness of the experiment participants was conducted. A comparative evaluation of the dynamics of improvement in shooting results following the implementation of non-invasive translingual neurostimulation into the training process was carried out, with control indicators recorded using the optoelectronic system SKATT and neuroenergy mapping of the brain. Research results and conclusions. The application of non-invasive translingual neurostimulation techniques, combined with neuroenergy mapping of the brain, facilitates targeted improvement in shooting skills, as it allows for the modulation of motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, speech centers, the vestibular apparatus, as well as visual and auditory nerves and autonomic regulatory centers. This is achieved through conscious control over sensory perception, derived from sensations that arise in the muscles and joints during the execution of shots. The use of non-invasive translingual neurostimulation aids in enhancing the physical and cognitive performance of the shooter, restoring functionality, and developing professional skills in shooting with an air rifle in the VP-60 exercise. This method also allows for an objective assessment of the impact of non-invasive translingual neurostimulation on shooting results from a standing position and the state of the nervous system of the participants in the experiment. The training methodology utilizing TLNS is being developed in collaboration with neurologist Dr. Evgeny V. Bugorsky.

The purpose of the study is to develop a set of specialized exercises focused on enhancing strength performance indicators among powerlifting cadets, based on the interplay of pedagogical, biochemical, and psychological factors influencing sports efficacy in the context of intensified training processes. Research methods: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction), specific methods (pedagogical observation and pedagogical experiment, biochemical and psychological tests), and methods of mathematical statistics for processing the obtained results. Research results and conclusions. The obtained results serve as a foundation for creating individualized training programs that take into account the specifics of the competitive period. The effectiveness of enhancing strength indicators in powerlifting athletes has been demonstrated based on the proposed training model, which considers the interplay of pedagogical, biochemical, and psychological factors influencing sports performance in the context of intensifying the training process ahead of competitions.

The article discusses the technology for developing coordination abilities in highly qualified athletes engaged in dance sports. The content of the developmental microcycle has been adjusted based on the application of specialized equipment in the training process. The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for enhancing coordination abilities among athletes in the Latin American dance sport program by incorporating specialized equipment (the balance board 'Bilgou', 'BOSU' trainer, 'Health' disc) into the training content. Research methods and organization. The research process involved the analysis of specialized literature, testing, expert evaluation, design, educational experimentation, and methods of mathematical statistics. The experimental phase was conducted at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health from September 20, 2024, to February 28, 2025, Involving ten highly qualified athletes. Research results and conclusions. Based on the results obtained from the testing of the experimental methodology, it has been concluded that the use of specialized equipment facilitates the adaptation of athletes to the load and contributes to the improvement of the quality of the dance program execution.

The purpose of the study is to increase the speed of breaststroke swimming in athletes at the sports specialization stage by developing the explosive power of the lower limb muscles. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experimentation, and methods of statistical data processing were employed. The developed course was tested in the training process of 12-14-year-old breaststroke swimmers. Research results and conclusions. The study determined the degree of influence of the relationship between explosive power development and athletic performance, which is crucial for improving results in breaststroke swimming; the impact of strength training in the gym on the effectiveness of starts and swimming speed in breaststroke overall. It was demonstrated that the explosive power of the legs, primarily developed on land, significantly affects the results of 12-14-year-old breaststroke swimmers. The findings lead to the conclusion that it is beneficial to implement exercises aimed at developing explosive leg power, which contributes to improving athletic performance in breaststroke swimming.

The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the opinions of experts regarding the definition of model characteristics in modern basketball, particularly at the stage of improving sports mastery (ISM). Research methods and organization. The article presents an analysis of the results of a survey of highly qualified coaches regarding the issues of determining the model characteristics of basketball players' preparedness. Research results and conclusions. The conducted survey established the main model characteristics, in the opinion of coaches, that allow for the evaluation of the performance results of basketball team players and the achievement of high results in competitions. To determine the level of preparedness of basketball players, coaches selected a rating scale for model indicators. The data identified can be used to improve the comprehensive monitoring of basketball players' preparedness during the training process at the stage of improving sports mastery.

The purpose of the study is to describe the pedagogical opportunities of utilizing a convergent approach in the training of young athletes in cheer sport. Research methods and organization. The study employed the following methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical experimentation, and methods of mathematical statistics. The developed methodology, based on a convergent approach, was tested in the training process of athletes involved in cheerleading at the Ural School of Sports Cheerleading. Research results and conclusions. The quantitative indicators demonstrating the increase in the effectiveness of the training process for young athletes in cheerleading are presented. Proposals for optimizing the educational and training process and achieving sport-oriented goals in cheerleading have been formulated.

The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of the development (formation) of an athlete's sports form across various macrocycles over a ten-year period. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at the educational and research laboratory of the Department of Theory and Methodology of Athletics named after N. G. Ozolin at the RUS «GTSOLIFK». The analysis of scientific and methodological literature, the analysis of documentary materials, logical-theoretical research methods, and methods of mathematical statistics, specifically descriptive statistics methods, have been utilized. Research results and conclusions. The issues of structure, phasing, and criteria for determining athletic form in highly qualified athletes have been examined. The features of development (formation) and dynamics of the athletic form of Olympic Champion D. Phillips have been identified over the macrocycles during the ten-year period of his sporting career (2002-2011).

The purpose of the study is to examine the dynamics of the psychophysiological state of young male boxers during the competitive period of sports training. Research methods and organization. The study involved young boxers aged 15.1 ± 2.4 years. The athletes underwent a battery of tests aimed at assessing executive functions over two weeks, one week, a week, a day, and on the day of the fight, prior to the main training session (the fight). Research results and conclusions. A decrease in productivity and attention stability, as well as visual perception, has been noted on the day of the match compared to the preceding weeks of preparation. The obtained results raise new questions regarding measures aimed at optimizing competitive training in boxing.

The purpose of the study is to develop, theoretically and experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions for health promotion in the process of physical education for students in the special medical group at the university. Research methods and organization. A qualitative content analysis of publications was conducted with the aim of identifying methodological approaches to organizing the process of physical education for students in special medical groups, as well as pedagogical testing of physical fitness, psycho-emotional state, and social activity. A total of 116 students from the 1st to 3rd year participated in the study, with an average age of 18.6 years. Research results indicate that, currently, the most relevant methodological approaches for organizing the physical education process of students in a special medical group are as follows: at the general philosophical level – humanistic and cultural, at the general scientific level – systematic, activity-based, and subjective, and at the specific (concrete scientific) level – the biopsychosocial approach. Based on the identified methodological foundation, pedagogical conditions for health promotion of students in a special medical group were developed, which contribute to improving their health indicators. Regarding the results of the physical health component, the growth rates (according to Brody) increased by 18-36%, the psychological component by 21-24%, and the social component by 26-28%. Overall, this allows us to assess the developed pedagogical conditions as effective, optimizing the physical education process for students in a special medical group. Conclusions. The process of physical education for students in the special medical group can operate based on both widely recognized and fundamental methodological approaches, as well as the application of specific (biopsychosocial) approaches, which allow for the development of pedagogical conditions that promote health formation among students in the special medical group. Their implementation over the course of six semesters in physical education has revealed positive changes in the results that assess health components.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the characteristics of the rehabilitation of cancer patients who have undergone mastectomy, under the influence of the developed physical rehabilitation methodology. Research methods and organization. The dynamics of the physical condition of women who underwent mastectomy were studied: the volume of the upper limbs was measured to calculate the extent of lymphedema; the range of motion in the shoulder joint (flexion and abduction) was determined using a goniometer; testing was conducted using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Measurements were taken before and after the course of physical rehabilitation. Research results and conclusions. It has been proven that the phenomena of post-mastectomy syndrome can be corrected through physical rehabilitation methods, even when conducted at a later stage. Independent engagement in therapeutic physical culture without the intervention of a specialist has limited effectiveness. However, complete recovery through physical rehabilitation is likely not achievable. The pedagogical and andragogical characteristics of adult education allow for independent practice of therapeutic exercises.

The purpose of the study is to identify the trends of digitalization in the educational environment of a sports university. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documents, survey in the form of questionnaires, method of statistical mathematics. Research results. The conducted study allowed for the identification of the advantages and disadvantages of the development of the digitalization process in the educational environment of a sports university.

The purpose of the study is to justify the feasibility of implementing the program (module) "Psychologically Important Qualities of a Specialist in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports" into the training process for professionals in the physical culture and sports sector, based on the evaluation of its effectiveness as a part of the discipline "Sport Psychology." Research methods and organization. The D. Kirkpatrick method was employed to evaluate the program, which demonstrated statistically significant differences in the assimilation and application of the material. Research results and conclusions. The program of the block "Psychologically Important Qualities of a Specialist in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports" demonstrated high effectiveness according to D. Kirkpatrick's model, ensuring reliable assimilation and consolidation of the material.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the psychological factors of adaptation to illness in individuals with acute and chronic leukemia. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at the Clinics of Samara State Medical University using a testing method. Research results and conclusions. It has been established that patients with acute leukemia have a higher level of adaptation compared to those with chronic leukemia. The leading coping strategies in the context of oncological disease for patients with acute leukemia are planning and positive reappraisal, while for patients with chronic leukemia, they are avoidance-escape and distancing. A psychological resource in overcoming the illness may be the acceptance of the disease and the responsibility for overcoming it, as well as the use of constructive coping strategies.