Vol 23, No 2 (2023)

Introduction. The relevance of scholarly justifi cation of approaches to economic development is caused by the insuffi cient study of the economic development phenomenon, its nature and qualitative characteristics of the factors infl uencing the implementation of qualitative structural changes in the economy of the country. Theoretical analysis. The article summarizes the evolution of economic thought and historical transformation of attitudes concerning the study of economic development. Scientifi c approaches and studies of leading foreign and domestic scholars, which constituted the theoretical and methodological basis of the economic development theory, are consistently presented. The tendencies that served the modern theories of economic development formation are considered. Empirical analysis. Based on statistical data analysis the diff erence between the categories of «economic growth» and «economic development» is justifi ed. The concept of economic complexity as a phenomenon that contributes to the qualitative transformation of the economic development factors is considered. The dynamics of the economic complexity index in the Russian Federation is analyzed. Results. The analysis of qualitative changes in the economic development factors in the modern mixed economy is conducted. The relevance of sustainable development theory and the concept of economic complexity application in the study of the economic development of states are demonstrated. The criteria of economic development in modern socio-economic conditions are formulated.

Introduction. The article deals with the problems of ecosystems formation and development as new forms of organizational and economic relations in the Russian economy. Artificial intelligence and neural networks are studied as elements of the modern economic ecosystems construction. Theoretical analysis. The classification of ecosystem services and platforms is presented, the ways of their formation using artificial intelligence are investigated. Among the services provided by ecosystems, the following services grouped by fields of activity can be distinguished: in the field of information technology there are cloud technologies; in the field of life – social networks; in the field of finance – Internet banking. In the case of providing these services, artificial intelligence automatically saves almost all the information about the client using special filescookies. There are two ways of forming ecosystems with the participation of artificial intelligence: the creation of appropriate functionality based on a large financial institution and the formation of an intelligent platform based on a powerful Internet company or a mobile operator. From the point of view of the introduction of artificial intelligence elements and neural networks, the main ecosystems in the Russian economy are analyzed: Sber, VTB, Tinkoff, Yandex, Mail.ru Group and MTS. Results. Modern integration processes lead to the creation of metaverses based on ecosystems, in which neural networks and artificial intelligence play a crucial role. These trends require further study and scientific understanding, as well as the development of an appropriate state strategy for regulating ecosystems and programs for the introduction of artificial intelligence elements into economic development mechanisms.

Introduction. The article considers the relevance of the digital technologies introduction in healthcare organizations, accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of the publication is to clarify the role of digital technologies in the healthcare sector for solving applied problems and ensuring the quality of human capital as a factor of the sustainable development of the economy. Theoretical analysis. A review of Russian and foreign publications on the subject of digitalization in the field of healthcare is given. The problems of digital health are highlighted. The directions for the introduction of digital technologies in the domestic healthcare system based on the technologies of mobile healthcare, electronic medical records, medical analytics, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence systems are presented. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data on the federal districts of Russia. Results. The results of the study made it possible to identify the limiting factors for the introduction of digital technologies in healthcare organizations in Russia, to clarify the importance of digital technologies for ensuring the quality of human capital. Conclusions. The results and conclusions of the article can become a theoretical platform for further research to advance healthcare towards the implementation of the digital maturity model and the widespread use of digital technologies for the provision of medical care and services in the healthcare system.

Introduction. The development of science and technology in recent decades, the active introduction of innovations and ongoing technological changes have significantly influenced economic processes and led to the emergence of a post-industrial economic system with a predominance of the Quaternary knowledge-intensive sector of the economy. Theoretical analysis. The development of intellectual activity and the expansion of the intellectual production sphere change the quality of the economic system itself. In modern economy, the development of markets for intellectual goods and services leads to qualitative changes in traditional sectors of the economy, which makes it important to study their development dynamics. Еmpirical analysis. Based on empirical data from 85 Russian regions for 2014–2021, an integral indicator of the development level of regional markets for intellectual goods and services was calculated using nine indicators that characterize the most large-scale knowledge-intensive sectors of knowledge generation in regional economies: educational services, innovations and information technologies. Results. The dynamics of the development of regional markets for intellectual goods and services as a whole is determined, and the unevenness of their development and a high degree of differentiation are revealed. The “disconnection” of regions with a high level of development of knowledge-intensive sectors from each other hinders the formation of an even innovation space and the spread of a high-tech way of life, the effective transfer of knowledge, technology, information and economic growth in general. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to analyze changes in the educational services market, when conducting research on the innovative and informational development of regions, predicting qualitative and quantitative trends in the development of markets for intellectual goods and services.

Introduction. The presumption of knowledge of the law and laws of the state assumes that every citizen knows the necessary amount of legal information sufficient to fulfill the basic obligation to comply with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the study of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and basic laws is mandatory and should be integrated into educational programs at all levels. Special attention should be paid to the constitutional and legal education of children, because at this age the model of behavior, which a person will follow in the future, is laid. Theoretical analysis. The study of the Constitution of Russia in childhood and adolescence is based on the concept of meta-law, which asserts the unity of law, religion, philosophy, science, and art. In the educational paradigm of meta-law, the Constitution is perceived through spiritual and moral values, ethical, moral attitudes, confirming by legal authority the correctness of the ideas about what is due that the child has learned. The initial stage of studying the Basic Law of the country may coincide with the child’s study of the alphabet, when individual letters of the alphabet will be fixed in the child’s memory by the example of categories of constitutional law that are accessible to understanding. It is fruitful to address the content of the Constitution of Russia through the prism of elementary plots of folk tales reflecting the archetypes of popular consciousness. Through the fairy tale, the child is introduced to the national worldview, learns to recognize himself or herself as part of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, who embodied their political will in the Basic Law of the country. Folk art expresses an ideal presented in an artistic form. The Constitution legally formalizes the people’s idea. That is why legal folklore studies should be integrated into educational programs in literature, social studies, and jurisprudence. Works of children’s fiction devoted to the Basic Law of the country are the most correct form for the perception of the text of the Constitution by children aged six to eight. Serious discussions about the Constitution of Russia, the history of the constitutional idea in our country, political power and constitutional practice of the state should take place at high school age. The choice of a form of submission of constitutional and legal information is determined by mental generational characteristics of children in accordance with the information environment in which their formation and development took place. Results. The authors conclude that the theory of the Constitution should be integrated into the program of basic general education and offer the fundamentals of a specialized pedagogical strategy for studying the Constitution by children. The methodology of studying the Constitution by children determines the identity of the legal system of Russia, where moral norms, ethics, morality, culture are the co-regulators of law. The format of educational practices depends on the stages of growing up, socialization and individualization of the child.

Introduction. The study of historical and legal development of agrarian relations in Russia is of great importance for the theory and practice of the development of modern social relations in the field of agriculture. The agrarian reforms implemented by the prominent political figure, Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin, generalized into a single historical experience, can be the basis for determining the potential and directions for the development of modern agrarian relations, the degree of their liberalism and understanding the role of the state in this process. The identified shortcomings and advantages of such reforms will make it possible to determine the historical role of the reformer P. A. Stolypin in these transformations and trace the evolution of the Russian state in the socio-economic sphere. Theoretical analysis. The article examines the main ideas, directions and results of the agrarian reform of P. A. Stolypin and analyzes its origins and causes. The provisions of the agrarian reform are considered in the context of state support for agriculture and those measures in this direction that were conceived and implemented on Stolypin's initiative. Empirical analysis. The study demonstrated that at the end of the 19th century in Russia a whole complex of political, legal, social and economic problems was formed, the solution of which depended not only on the development of the Russian state, but also on its legal personality. Most of these problems were related to the agricultural sector of the economy and the legal status of the peasantry, the largest social group of Russian citizens at that time. The main directions of Stolypin’s agrarian reform were: endowing peasants with the right to own land in order to form a large class of new effective land owners, as well as introducing market mechanisms into this process, including lending with state support to potential land buyers. Results. It was revealed that certain areas of Stolypin’s reforms, their course and results did not have unconditional recognition among his contemporaries. Their harsh criticism sounded in modern times. The author identifies the reasons for the failures of Stolypin agrarian reforms and concludes that they were more objective in nature, were due to historical and organizational reasons and did not always depend on the will of the reformer. The author highlights that Stolypin's progressive and innovative approach to the development of social relations in Russia provided him with a long historical memory as a great reformer who was not indifferent to the future of Russia and its people. The conceptual ideas of the reformer are still relevant, and his ideas are promising for the modern transformation of agrarian relations.

Introduction. Achievements of scientific and technological progress oblige humanity to carefully introduce them into existing socioecosystems, which is especially important in relation to socially vulnerable communities of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North of Russia. The possibility of their survival is currently an important theoretical problem. Theoretical analysis. The interrelation of social and natural foundations is investigated, the importance of legal anthropology in the preservation of the ecological and social system of the peoples of the North is substantiated. Traditional nature management is considered as a special type of relationship between people and nature, which poses the task of improving regulatory regulation in order to maintain socio-natural unity. Empirical analysis. The author analyzes the gaps and conflicts of legal regulation in the field of preserving the traditional foundations of life, which can lead to the disappearance of the identity of small-numbered peoples and the leveling of their cultures. Results. The introduction of new technologies into the life of the social ecosystems of small nations inevitably leads to a change in life activity, which leads to the transformation of moral values and the emergence of new ideas. In order for the identity of the peoples of the North not to perish, the role of law as an effective protective mechanism must manifest itself. It is noted that it is necessary to conduct a cultural and anthropological examination of normative acts affecting the traditional spheres of relations at both federal and regional levels for their compliance with the spiritual and moral values of the peoples.

Introduction. The functioning of election observers in the Russian Federation is directly related to ensuring and implementing publicity in the activities of election commissions. The study of the features of the legal status of observers is one of the most popular electoral topics in the modern scientific community, the relevance of which is objectively due to the significance of the functioning of the above-mentioned participants in the electoral process. Theoretical analysis. The current electoral legislation establishes an exhaustive definition of the term of “observer”, which rightly focuses on the grounds for obtaining the appropriate status, and also emphasizes the importance of the functioning of observers at certain stages of the electoral process. Empirical analysis. The legal status of observers is regulated in detail by the electoral legislation of the Russian Federation, however, the main attention is paid to their rights, while the obligations of these participants in electoral legal relations are fixed fragmentarily. Results. The author identified practical problems in the activity of election observers in the Russian Federation (the priority of political attitudes in the activity of observers; the low level of legal culture and electoral literacy of observers; the spread of illegal behavior among observers), the development of which is facilitated, among other things, by the significant predominance of powers in the status of these persons. Based on the analysis, it is noted that there is a need to systematize existing norms and fill in existing legal gaps, in connection with which proposals are formulated to regulate the duties of observers in the Federal Law "On basic guarantees of electoral rights and the right to participate in the referendum of the citizens of the Russian Federation".