Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law
ISSN (print): 1994-2540, ISSN (online): 2542-1956
Founder: Saratov State University
Editor-in-Chief: Ogurtsova Elena Vyacheslavovna, kandidate. econ. Sciences, Associate Professor
Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open
Included in: Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
The journal is registered in the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor). Registration PI № FS77-76645 of 26 August, 2019.
Aims and Scope. The central aim of the journal is assistance to the development of scientific research in the field of economics, management, law and promotion of the results of Russian scientific research in the global scientific and information space.
Objectives of the journal: discussion of current problems of economic and legal sciences, theoretical achievements and the possibilities of their use for the development of the country; publication of articles containing the results of original theoretical and experimental research works in the field of economics, management and law.
The Journal is a scientific theoretical periodical peer-reviewed journal, it accept for publication theoretical, methodological, discussion, critical articles containing new and original research results in the field of economic theory, economics, management and law.
The Journal acceps for publication: general theoretical, methodological, debatable, critical scientific materials containing new original research results in the field of economic theory, economics, management and law, as well as scientific reviews, summaries and critiques in Russian and English.
The journal covers theoretical problems and applied aspects of socio-economic development of Russia and its regions; problems of economic theory, economics and management of the national industry; finance, money circulation and credit, accounting, economic statistics; mathematical and instrumental methods of economy analysis; world economy, as well as theory and history of law and the state, constitutional, municipal, civil, entrepreneurial, international, private, labor, administrative, financial, information law and social security law.
The Editorial Board of the Journal «Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law» adheres to the Publishing Ethics of the Journal «Izvestiya of Saratov University». Editorial Board organizes an independent peer-review of scientific articles, conducts an overall examination of issues and is responsible for the quality of published materials.
The content is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
Indexing:
Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ROAD)
Journal Themes:
Economics, including economic theory, history of economics and economical science; sectoral and regional economics; world economy; firm economics; economics of industry markets; public finance, corporate finance, insurance and banking; investments; management problems; application of mathematical and instrumental methods in economics.
Law, including theory and history of the state and law; theory and practice of the constitution and constitutionalism, legal regulation in the field of public administration, financial activities, information (digital) technologies and information protection, environmental protection, nature management, land relations and urban planning; private law, procedural relations in the field of civil and arbitration proceedings; criminal and penal law, criminology, forensic expertise.
The Journal is included in the K1 Quartile of the List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications recommended for publication of the main scientific results of dissertations for the degrees of Doctor of Sciences and Candidate of Sciences.
Current Issue
Vol 26, No 1 (2026)
Economics
Merton norms functionality problem in modern scientific community as a consequence of changes in macroeconomic and macrosocial parameters of research activity
Abstract
Introduction. The article considers the transformation processes of the scientific activity value framework and their impact on the quality of scientific information as an economic benefit. Theoretical analysis. The starting point of the analysis is the norms of the scientific community formulated in the works of R. Merton. Еmpirical analysis. Based on the premise that science is becoming an endogenous component of the general socio-economic development, the authors seek to show, using examples and statistical material, the deviations of real scientific activity in different countries from the informal institutional framework defined by the sociology of science. According to economic theory, the increase in the number of researchers in science should have led to an increase in the quality of products and a decrease in their price for buyers. However, current processes in science demonstrate deviations from economic models for other types of human activity, and the validity of J. Akerlof’s provisions on squeezing out «good» knowledge by “bad” knowledge is recorded in relation to the current stage of scientific activity. Results. As a conclusion, the authors propose the statement that in practice, “Mertonian” norms come into fundamental conflict with the practice of the scientific and technological race, which requires appropriate scientific reflection and research development in this direction.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):4-15
4-15
Monetary policy transmission issues: Why changing the key interest rate doesn’t always curb inflation?
Abstract
Introduction. The key rate is the main monetary policy instrument through which the central bank influences inflation. However, in practice, a situation is often observed when monetary policy tightening and a significant increase in the key rate do not lead to a rapid and adequate reduction in inflation. This fact indicates the presence of serious problems in the transmission mechanism, which requires an in-depth analysis of this phenomenon’s causes. Theoretical analysis. The article pays special attention to the theoretical foundations of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, the key channels for transmitting signals from the key rate to inflation (interest rate, credit, foreign exchange and others), as well as the factors that can disrupt their operation. In particular, structural features of the economy are considered in detail, such as a high share of monopolized markets, weak competition in the banking sector and low confidence of economic agents in the regulator’s policies, which distort the standard relationships. Empirical analysis. Statistical data on the dynamics of the key rate, inflation, credit and deposit rates, as well as macroeconomic indicators necessary for assessing the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism are analyzed. The calculations and correlation analysis revealed periods and conditions under which the key rate’s impact on inflation was weakened and identified key gaps in the transmission mechanism. Results. Key issues hindering the effective transmission of monetary policy in the current environment were identified. In addition to traditional time lags, the main causes were found to be structural imbalances in the economy, persistently high inflation, and the influence of non-monetary inflationary factors (sanctions, supply chain disruptions), which the key rate cannot directly influence. The analysis showed that, for the Bank of Russia’s measures to have a more effective impact on the economy, simply adjusting the key rate is not enough. Deep structural reforms in the economy must be carried out in parallel.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):16-25
16-25
A study of medical students’ financial literacy: A competence-based approach
Abstract
Introduction. The article describes a five-year study of the medical university students’ financial literacy level, with the aim of determining future trajectories of educational activities to develop a financial culture of behavior. Theoretical analysis. In the current paradigm of higher education development, it is generally accepted that the implementation of the universal competence from the category “Economic Culture, Including Financial Literacy,” presented in all Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education of the Russian Federation, should be carried out equally for all specialties. This implies the presence of subjects in the curriculum, with didactic characteristics that cover all indicators of competence. However, for medical students, a situation is observed where some indicators or their components are not implemented at all or are implemented only partly; this mainly applies to indicators related to financial literacy. As a result, medical school graduates often lack the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to develop their financial culture to an appropriate level. Empirical analysis. The study of medical students’ financial literacy was based on the monitoring conducted from 2021 to 2025 by the Department of Economics and Management of Healthcare and Pharmacy at Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed, consisting of 15 questions for self-assessment of the main components of knowledge and skills: personal budget and financial planning; personal savings management; financial services: personal budget and financial planning; personal savings management; financial services: bank deposits, loans, bank cards; investment documents; wage system; pension provision; insurance instruments; taxation; personal data protection. 2270 1st and 2nd year medical students participated in the survey. Results. Future profession specifics predetermines some features of the economic and managerial competencies formation among medical students, which involves an integrated approach that goes beyond university studies and develops a culture of financial behavior.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):26-40
26-40
On the approaches to the theory of tourism and recreational services value on the domestic market
Abstract
Introduction. Contemporary scientific and economic literature reveals a significant gap in the study of the essential component of the tourism and recreational services cost. Despite the emergence of a number of publications in leading foreign journals and publishing houses devoted to the development of the economic theory of tourism (The Economics of Tourism), the basis for research is primarily the macroeconomic level. Theoretical analysis. The concept of tourism and recreation indicates that the nature of demand for tourism and recreational services is formed by two possible requests from an economic agent: a) either to restore one’s own human potential; b) or to accumulate and develop one’s potential, i.e., personal development. In the first case, we are talking about the recreational aspect of the phenomenon, while in the second, it is one of the ways of investing in human capital. From the perspective of the labor theory of value, the essence of the need for a tourism and recreational service of a certain quality and content will be determined by the condition that the expenditure of a person’s free time on their consumption should strive to maximize compensation for the losses of their physical and intellectual resources during the previous period of professional activity. Results. The formal models presented in the main text of the article allow us to understand the basis of the tourist and recreational service consumer value as the realization of a certain amount of free time within the framework of the application of the key modern neoclassical theory of value and the theory of intertemporal choice.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):41-48
41-48
Management
The influence of macroeconomic indicators on enterprises’ financial solvency
Abstract
Introduction. Studying the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and the financial stability of companies is an important task for economic forecasting and risk management. This paper attempts to assess the nature of this relationship at an aggregated industry level, which helps to minimize errors associated with the non-representativeness of samples of individual enterprises. Еmpirical analysis. The research is based on an analysis of aggregated data from 2,230,121 Russian non-financial organizations for the period from 2014 to 2023. To assess financial stability, dynamic series of six classical models (Altman, Taffler, Lis, IGEA, Zaitseva, Savitskaya) were calculated for the economy as a whole and for key industries. Correlation analysis was used to identify statistical relationships between the dynamics of the models’ integral indicators and macroeconomic indicators (USD exchange rate, key rate, inflation, oil price). Results. The calculations revealed stable correlational relationships between macroeconomic indicators and aggregated assessments of financial stability. The strongest positive correlation for most industries was observed between the dynamics of the models and the USD exchange rate. Industry-specific features were identified: the strongest correlations were found for the key rate in the construction sector, for inflation in trade, and for the oil price in the electric power industry. The results obtained using different models showed significant variability, indicating their differing sensitivity to macroeconomic factors. Conclusion. The conducted research demonstrates the promise of an aggregated approach for analyzing the impact of the macroeconomic environment on the financial condition of enterprises. The most consistent results in the Russian context were shown by the Altman, Taffler, and IGEA models.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):49-58
49-58
Lаw
Legal personality of robots: Discussions and prospects
Abstract
Introduction. In recent years, the question of whether highly developed robots with artificial intelligence elements can be recognized as subjects of law, that is, have rights and obligations in the legal sense, has been actively discussed in Russia and abroad. Theoretical analysis. The study was conducted, and the arguments for and against recognizing robots with artificial intelligence as subjects of law were presented. Empirical analysis. The author carried out an analytical review of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the European Union, the USA and China regulating the legal status of robots with AI, and identified similarities and differences in their approaches. Results. In no country in the world AI robots have legal personality. All examples of granting them this status are either symbolic in nature, or remain proposals and discussions without legislative consolidation. The dominant world practice proceeds from the fact that a robot is an object, a mechanism belonging to a person or an organization, and in relation to it the rights and obligations belong to its owners, developers and users. Both in theory and at the level of political decisions, it is noted that the technical and social maturity of AI is insufficient to consider it an independent entity. An AI robot lacks knowledge and moral responsibility, and equating it with a human would be temporary and risky. Such an electronic legal personality may weaken the real responsibility of people, becoming a way of avoiding corporate responsibility, but all this may change in the future.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):59-69
59-69
The position of digital skills and habits in the criminalistic system
Abstract
Introduction. In the context of the rapid growth in the number of computer crimes committed annually, the issues of developing recommendations for their detection and investigation, as well as the study of specific trace information are of particular importance. Digital skills and habits deserve special attention. Before developing recommendations for working with them, it is necessary to determine their position in the system of criminalistics. This article is devoted to achieving this goal. Theoretical analysis. The opinions of various scientists on the issue of positioning the doctrine of skills and habits in the system of forensic science were considered. The author highlighted suggestions for its description as an individual forensic theory within the general theory of forensic science; consideration within the framework of the doctrine of man; allocation at the level of general theory and isolation as an independent branch of forensic technology. Empirical analysis. It is established that skills and habits are integral and universal in nature, inseparable from man, therefore, they should be studied within the framework of the doctrine of man. However, the latter has not yet acquired a consensus status in science, so considering skills and habits within its framework is a question of the prospects for the development of forensic science, while now it is optimal to limit ourselves to the branch of forensic technology. It is necessary to take into account that for digital skills and habits this is true only when considering their general provisions, the specificity of various skill properties is harmoniously part of digital forensics, which does not cause discussions. Results. Today, knowledge of digital skills and habits, rules for identifying information about them, recording, removing, storing and processing this information should be recognized as system-forming for subjects of forensic activity and should be assimilated in the process of professional education. They should be studied within the framework of the forensic technology section until the doctrine of man, which will include the doctrine of skills and habits (including digital ones), is finally formed.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):70-78
70-78
The role of expert bodies in the implementation of state control (supervision) in the field of advertising (the case study of ensuring uniform principles and values of patriotism and service to the Fatherland)
Abstract
Introduction. Love for the Motherland and defense of the Fatherland have historically been at the origins of the formation and development of the Russian statehood. These fundamental principles were formed, among other things, through the process of protecting the state from external threats and defending its historical territories. At the same time, the legal framework governing these social relations, particularly in the field of advertising, requires improvement, taking into account the positive trend established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Theoretical analysis. The analysis of scientific literature on specific advertising issues and Russian Federation advertising legislation (hereinafter referred to as advertising legislation) suggests that advertising shapes a general public’s opinion regarding the advertised object, based on each individual’s personal independent perception of the information in the advertisement. Therefore, when considering cases of advertising law violations, evaluative categories are used, among other things, and expert panels are held. Empirical analysis. This study examined the application of Federal Law No. FZ-38 “On Advertising” by antitrust authorities from 13 March 2006 to 2025, identifying instances of suppressing violations of Russian advertising legislation that undermine the institution of the army and the authority of the armed forces, thereby discrediting the law. Results. Reasonable proposals have been formulated to amend advertising legislation with provisions that relate to the need to ensure proper patriotism in the Russian Federation. In this regard, the need for certain adjustments to the procedure for forming expert councils of antimonopoly authorities has been substantiated. This is aimed at improving the legal regulation of the implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation, consistent with the unified principles and values of the Russian state.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):79-88
79-88
Activities of state authorities in the mechanism of protection of the rights of military personnel in the Russian Federation in the context of the Special Military Operation
Abstract
Introduction. Depending on the functional purpose of the activities of the state authorities of the Russian Federation, it is possible to identify the system-forming institutions for the protection of the rights of military personnel of the Russian Federation participating in the Special Military Operation. The special feature of the activities of the public authorities in this area is their close cooperation in the implementation of common tasks, as well as the need to form a regulatory framework that meets the objectives of protecting Russia’s state sovereignty and ensuring the special legal status of military personnel in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to summarize the practice of the state authorities of the Russian Federation in protection of the rights of military personnel in the Special Military Operation, as well as to formulate proposals for improving legislation in the field of public relations under consideration. Theoretical analysis. To date, there are no comprehensive scientific studies on the protection of individuals involved in special military operations. Research conducted by scientists focuses on specific issues related to the protection of the rights of Russian military personnel involved in the Special Military Operation. The author proposes a systematization of measures for state support of military personnel who are carrying out tasks in special conditions. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation indicates the need to improve the status of a serviceman in Russia participating in the Special Military Operation. The activities of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation and the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation contributed to the formation of the regulatory framework that meets the needs of ensuring the status of Russian military personnel participating in the Special Military Operation. Results. The conducted research allows us to formulate a conclusion that there is a need to continue improving legislation in the field of ensuring the special legal status of a serviceman of the Russian Federation. Amendments to the basic federal laws (“On mobilization training and mobilization in the Russian Federation”, “On military duty and military service”, “On the status of military personnel”) regulating the status of military personnel in the Russian Federation will contribute to the formation of the system of compensatory support for the special subjects of law involved in hostilities, protecting the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and integrity.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):89-98
89-98
Legal content of greening a comfortable urban environment
Abstract
Introduction. Today, creation of a comfortable urban environment is an important task of improving the lives of city residents, and the activities of public authorities are aimed at solving this task. Numerous strategic planning documents highlight the need to form a comfortable level of residence. At the same time, the unfavorable environmental situation poses new challenges when planning measures to create a comfortable urban environment. Understanding the processes of greening this area makes it possible to form an integrated approach that ensures this process in terms of its compliance with environmental requirements and regulations. Theoretical analysis. The content of the “comfortable urban environment” category was analyzed in order to determine the structure of the mechanism for its greening and to develop a legal approach to its definition. At the same time, special emphasis was placed on goal-setting as an axiological technique that allows us to substantiate the essence of certain phenomena and processes from the point of view of the goals of their implementation, stipulated, fi rst of all, in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It has been determined that it is the rights of citizens that are the goal of activities related to the greening of a comfortable urban environment. Empirical analysis. It has been revealed that the formation of a comfortable urban environment is a complex activity that is implemented through urban planning, landscaping, and housing policy. It is these areas that should be subject to environmentalization in order to create a comfortable urban environment and ensure the constitutional rights of citizens. Results. Based on a systematic approach, the paper concludes that the legal nature of the greening of a comfortable urban environment is a comprehensive legal and organizational mechanism for implementing environmental requirements and standards in urban planning, landscaping, and housing policy in order to guarantee their constitutional right to a decent life.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):99-105
99-105
Parallel import and import substitution as a tool for protecting users of information and communication technologies
Abstract
Introduction. In the current situation on the Russian market, the software user faces a difficult choice between Russian analogues or the search for methods to obtain foreign originals. This article analyzes the decisions taken by the government to replace digital goods of the companies that have left Russian sites. Theoretical analysis. The paper examines the problems of the scope of licensed software created by foreign developers who left the Russian market, discusses the challenges associated with the legal issues of the license. These challenges include issues of privacy, data security, the possibility of forgery, misuse of information, as well as legal aspects related to further possible return of foreign companies to the Russian market. The article also draws attention to the need to develop appropriate regulatory and legal frameworks in the field of parallel import of information and communication technologies. 6Empirical analysis. The need for user-friendly and high-quality software was identified, and the ways of importing or replacing goods for the effective use of the institution of exclusive law were analyzed, including the need to balance innovation and ensure transparency and awareness for users, as well as the need for an integrated approach to importing foreign technological solutions, taking into account the dynamics of technological progress and the needs of society. The research focuses on the analysis of regulatory, technological and legislative spheres, as well as existing approaches to the legal regulation of the trade turnover process. The current regulatory legal acts have been studied. Results. Despite numerous attempts by legislative and executive bodies to resume a comfortable level of software provision for the population, problems of import substitution and parallel import of foreign information and communication technologies have been identified.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law. 2026;26(1):106-113
106-113