Том 508, № 1 (2023)

Twenty four potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) differing in ripening groups (early, middle-early and mid-season-ripening) were studied. Potatoes were grown in the conditions of the Middle Volga region of Russia. It was found statistically that the yield (t/ha) of early and mid-season-ripening varieties was negatively correlated with the increase in average temperatures during the growing season from May to August (R = –0.97, P = 0.04). Soil moisture content at a depth of 20 cm was positively correlated with the yield of middle-early varieties (R = 0.97, P = 0.04). A soil moisture content increase was beneficial to average tuber weight (R = 0.98, P = 0.04), but only in the middle-early and mid-season-ripening groups. However, the soil moisture content and the tuber numbers in mid-season-ripening varieties had a negative correlation (R = –0.96, P = 0.05).

Neural networks in the spinal cord can generate the walking pattern and control posture in the absence of supraspinal influences. A technology has been created using transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS). During walking, tSCS activated spinal locomotor networks, as well as leg flexor/extensor motor pools in the swing/support phases, respectively. It was suggested that the use of this technology in people with locomotion disorders would improve walking. Patients with hemiparesis were studied 3–11 months after a stroke, the duration of the course was 2 weeks. Patients of the main and control groups received standard therapy and rehabilitation using technology; in the control group, sham tESCS was used. After the course in the main group, in contrast to the control group, minimal clinically significant changes in walking parameters were achieved. The developed technology is an effective means of restoring walking in patients with hemiparesis.

The effect of temperature on the effectiveness of the introduction of deuterium into pyrrolylcarnosine (PC) has been studied. Deuterium gas and heavy water were used as a source of deuterium. Isotope exchange was carried out using solid-phase and liquid-phase methods. It was found that it is better to use isotope exchange with deuterated water to obtain preparative amounts of labeled pyrrolylcarnosine. When using the solid-phase method, the main label is in pyrrole. The inclusion of deuterium at a higher temperature occurs more evenly. In addition, the use of deuterated water made it possible to reduce the amount of unlabeled isotopomer to almost 0%, obtain a product with a yield of 70% and a content of more than 7 deuterium atoms. It is established that the content of deuterium in the substance can be increased by pretreating the reaction mixture with deuterium gas. This approach opens up additional opportunities for synthesis of labeled compounds.

A new series of 1-[ω-(bromophenoxy) has been synthesizedalkyl]-uracil derivatives containing naphthalene-1-yl-, naphthalene-2-yl-, 1-brominaphthalene-2-ilmethyl, benzyl and anthracene-9-ilmethyl fragments in position 3 of uracil. Antiviral properties of synthesized compounds against human cytomegalovirus were studied. It was found that the compound, which has a bridge consisting of five methylene groups, has high anti-cytomegalovirus activity in vitro. uracil

Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n–3, DHA) is a structural component of cell membranes and due to a peculiar form of its molecule exerts a high lateral pressure in the membranes enhancing activity of membrane-associated enzymes. A high content of DHA probably provides a high frequency of contraction and a continuous working of skeletal muscles. To estimate the probable physiological and biochemical role of DHA in muscle tissue, a relation of its contents in pectoral muscles of birds with wing beat frequency was evaluated. A high statistically significant correlation between the content of DHA in pectoral muscles of birds and species-specific wing beat frequency was found.

The alkaloid tryptanthrin and its water-soluble derivative mostotrin exhibit high antimicrobial and antitumor activity. To develop more active and less toxic preparations, syntheses and testing of the biological activities of a number of new and/or little-studied analogs were performed. Some of them have been shown to have higher cytotoxicity against tumor and antimicrobial cells than tryptanthrin and mostotrin. Thus, 8-fluorotryptanthrin effectively inhibits the proliferation of various tumor cell lines, namely: K-562/4, HCT-116 and HCT-116p53ko at lower concentrations than tryptanthrin, and 2,8-difluorostotrin exhibits a stronger antimicrobial effect against pathogenic bacteria S. aureus ATCC 29213 than mostotrin. It has been established that the antiproliferative properties of 8-fluorotryptanthrin and 8-fluormostotrin are associated with their ability in nanomolar concentrations to inhibit the cell cycle of tumor cells at the stage of transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. The data obtained indicate the prospects for further in-depth studies of their antitumor properties.

The message is devoted to the morphological features of the teeth of a three-toed horse (Hipparion tchicoicum) from the Pliocene of Western Transbaikalia (Russia). For the first time, it presents a number of diagnostic signs of the Chicoi hipparion, which are criteria for determining this taxon among other fossils of three-toed horses and their real diversity at the final stage of distribution in Inner Asia.

For the first time, information is provided on the size of the home range of the Siberian forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus valentinae) of the Altai-Sayan population of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the minimum distance that the deer passes per day, their changes and changes of habitats during the annual cycle. Possible reasons for the cyclical use of the habitat by forest reindeer are discussed.

The effects of extracts of ten plant species growing in Russia and five species growing in Vietnam on the growth and survival of ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis were studied. T. pyriformis is from the Protozoa subkingdom, which also includes pathogens of protozoan infections. Extraction of dried plants was carried out with acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions, as well as with an aqueous ethanol solution. Various amounts of extracts were added to the infusoria cells and the number of survived cells was recorded after 1 and 24 hours. We found that our samples of several plants, including wormwood, harmala, and licorice, similarly to those studied earlier, have antiprotozoal activity, which may indicate a sameness of secondary metabolites in plants from different regions. Using the ciliate T. pyriformis as a model organism, the presence of antiprotozoal activity in extracts of lilac, chondrilla, cinquefoil, hop and elm was shown for the first time.

The cranial and mandibular remains of a large serotine bat Eptesicus praeglacialis Kormos, 1930 are described from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Taurida cave in the central Crimea. This is the first finding of the skull material of E. praeglacialis and the first record of the species in Crimea. Judging by the tooth wear stages, the remains of both young and adult specimens are present in the taphocenosis. The small mammal tooth marks on the bones (caused by eating the remnants of soft tissues) in the absence of signs of digestion, characterizing materials from the predatory bird pellets, indicate that the taphocenosis includes the remains of E. praeglacialis individuals that used the cave as a shelter and died there. This corresponds to the idea of appearance of hibernation in caves as a climatically determined ecological adaptation in some European forest-dwelling bats (including Eptesicus) at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition.