Vol 8, No 5 (2025)

tetracyclines are one of the most extensively studied groups of antibiotics, characterized by a broad spectrum of biological activity. Beyond their antimicrobial effects, these compounds influence key cellular signaling pathways, including the regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, proliferation, and differentiation, opening prospects for their use in treating various diseases, such as oncological, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. This article presents current data on the structure and mechanisms of action of tetracyclines, their impact on cellular signaling systems, and their therapeutic potential in medicine. Special attention is given to the role of digital technologies in studying these compounds. The prospects of using digital methods for optimizing tetracycline structures, identifying new targets, and personalizing treatment regimens are discussed, which could significantly enhance the efficacy and safety of these drugs.

this article examines tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the Republic of Buryatia. The specifics of tuberculosis treatment in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the pathogen genotype have not yet been studied. The influence of the Beijing 14717-15 cluster genotype on the outcome of tuberculosis was studied.

the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of atmospheric pollutants-particularly nitrogen dioxide (NO?) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10)-on public health in Kazakhstan, with a focus on the correlation between their concentrations and cancer risk. The paper includes a systematic literature review and an environmental analysis of Almaty, one of the country’s most polluted cities. It presents data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of pollutant concentrations, highlights high-risk areas, and discusses seasonal pollution patterns. Special attention is given to epidemiological and toxicological aspects, including cellular mechanisms through which NO? and PM2.5 provoke inflammation and mutagenesis. The impact on cognitive health is also addressed. The relevance of the topic is linked to rising cancer and neurological disease rates in cities with severe air pollution. Almaty faces significant environmental pressure due to traffic, industry, and geographical factors. The study uses official statistics, peer-reviewed sources, and air quality data from the past decade. The methodology includes geoinformation and correlation analysis to identify links between pollution levels and public health indicators. It also reviews international air quality management practices and their applicability to Kazakhstan. Based on the findings, the study provides recommendations for monitoring, prevention, and mitigation. The results highlight the urgent need for integrated strategies to reduce pollution and protect public health in urban environments.

psychologists have been engaged in research in the field of preferences of various people in art, and their connection with psychological characteristics for quite a long time. The analysis of works of art has been used for many years in various areas of psychological practice, including clinical and applied psychology. Currently, scientists have come to an accurate conclusion about the existence of a pattern, which lies in the connection between personal characteristics and preferences of a person in art, as well as its ability to have a positive impact on the psyche of an individual. This article analyzes the main methods used in psychological practice and describes the main ones, such as the Big Five questionnaire and eye movement monitoring, draws conclusions and identifies patterns.

the issue addresses the concept of neurointuition as an important aspect of decision-making under uncertainty and limited information. The authors analyze the mechanisms underlying intuitive processes and their relationship to neurobiological brain functions. Factors influencing neurointuition development, including experience, emotional intelligence, and cognitive biases, are investigated. The article also highlights the significance of neurointuition in various fields such as business, medicine and personal relationships, where rapid and effective responses to changing conditions can have a decisive impact on outcomes. In conclusion, the authors offer recommendations for the development of neurointuition and the integration of intuitive approaches into decision-making, emphasizing the need for a balance between analytical and intuitive thinking. The author emphasizes that conscious interaction with your own intuitive processes can lead to more efficient decision-making. This research will be useful for both researchers and practitioners seeking to improve their decision-making skills and understand the mechanisms behind intuitive processes. The paper thus offers a new perspective on intuitive processes and their relevance in the modern world, opening up prospects for further research in this area.

in the last decade, significant attention has been paid to Russian student sports by the state, in particular: the promotion and involvement of young people in a healthy lifestyle, the organization and holding of mass sports events involving students, the formation of citizenship and patriotism, the development of spiritual and moral values, etc. [13]. In order to achieve high athletic results, comprehensive training of student-athletes is necessary. In this article, we will look at the specifics of psychological training in student basketball teams. In modern Russian student basketball, the problem of preparing athletes capable of competing, including foreign athletes, is urgent, which necessitates the improvement of the educational and training process, the search for new scientific and methodological approaches and training tools in student basketball. In recent decades, sports psychologists have noted that with a high level of physical, technical and tactical training of players, when their fitness is approximately at the same level, the outcome of the game is ensured by psychological factors, including: the level of motivation, group cohesion, teamwork, the ability to manage their condition, etc. An analysis of the specialized literature indicates that research on the psychological training of basketball players is limited to a declaration of the need for its implementation and the selection of several relatively unified and generalizing recommendations. The purpose of the study is to identify common features and key differences in the psychological training of basketball players, as well as to determine the possibility of adapting foreign approaches to the Russian realities of psychological and pedagogical training. The object of the research is the process of psychological and pedagogical training of basketball students in the scientific and methodological literature of foreign countries. The subject of the study is the similarities and differences in the psychological and pedagogical training of domestic and foreign basketball students. The main research method was the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research problem. The article presents a comparative analysis of the psychological and pedagogical training of basketball students in the USA and China, highlights the most successful practices of psychotic basketball support that can be applied in the practice of domestic higher education.

this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the formation of stable skills in identifying and interpreting the emotional expressions of opponents among sambo students during educational training sessions. Special attention is given to the theoretical justification for the necessity of developing sensitivity to emotional nuances arising during a bout, due to the increasing demands for mental resilience and tactical flexibility in modern athletes. The research program is based on a combination of observations of young sambo practitioners' activities and analysis of the effectiveness of trial bouts depending on the success of recognizing the opponent's psychological state. Pedagogical conditions that foster optimal mechanisms for developing emotional sensitivity are listed, and methodological techniques for introducing corrective training interventions at various stages of the educational process are detailed. Practical recommendations are oriented towards the implementation of multi-stage training aimed at improving communication in paired and group exercises, which contributes to the growth of competitive adaptability, confidence in extreme conditions, and forms prerequisites for enhancing success in duel and team combat. The obtained results can be utilized in the practice of organizing educational programs aimed at training specialists in the field of martial arts, as well as for developing proprietary methods for improving the psychological-emotional component of training.

this article explores the relationship between the level of creativity and career orientations of middle managers. The topic is relevant due to current socio-economic conditions, where employees with developed creative thinking are increasingly valued. The study involved 38 employees of a company operating in the maritime industry, providing services such as vessel supply, repair, crew recruitment, and client acquisition. Valid psychodiagnostic tools were used, including Johnson’s Creativity Questionnaire, Mednick’s Remote Associates Test, and Schein’s Career Anchors inventory. Statistical methods included Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Mann–Whitney U-test. The main hypothesis about the correlation between creativity and certain career orientations was partially confirmed. The strongest negative correlations were found between creativity and the orientations of “autonomy” and “service.” The results may be of practical use for HR professionals, career consultants, and the managers themselves when designing personalized career paths and professional development programs. The study also highlights the importance of integrating creativity development practices into corporate culture. These findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to career orientation analysis that considers individuals’ psychological characteristics and creative potential.

the increasing professional workload for teachers is making it more important to prevent and correct stress conditions in pre-school educational institutions. Our objective was to investigate the possibilities of art-therapeutic techniques as a psychological remedy for professional stress in pre-school teachers. The experimental group included 15 educators with a high level of professional stress. The participants demonstrated marked signs of emotional and physical overexertion, reduced adaptive capacity, as well as difficulties in managing their own psycho-emotional state. Such a condition is considered as a risk factor for professional burnout and requires targeted psychological support. In this group, a comprehensive psychological intervention aimed at reducing the level of stress and developing self-regulatory skills was implemented. To conduct the formative experiment, an art-therapeutic training aimed at reducing the level of stress in educators was developed. The program included a series of classes using art-therapy methods that promote expression and awareness of emotions, reduce internal tension and actualize personal resources. The data obtained show the effectiveness of art-therapeutic intervention and confirm its usefulness in the practice of psychological support of pedagogical workers.

the article is devoted to the analysis of contemporary research in the field of psychological and pedagogical support for inclusive education of children with special health needs (SHN). The study aims to identify key psychological factors influencing the success of inclusive education and to develop recommendations for optimizing psychological and pedagogical support. The objectives include analyzing modern approaches to inclusion, studying the psycho-emotional state of students with SHN and their peers, and evaluating the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical interventions. The article examines empirical research methods, including surveys, psychological testing, and observation, conducted on a sample of students and teachers. The results indicate that the success of inclusion depends on teachers’ preparedness, students’ psychological readiness, and the availability of adapted educational programs. Particular attention is paid to the role of socio-psychological adaptation and emotional intelligence in creating a favorable educational environment. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations for educators and psychologists to enhance the effectiveness of inclusive education and foster social integration of children with SHN. The findings can be applied in educational institutions to improve support programs and specialist training.

the main task to be solved in the framework of this study is to identify the main stress factors in the activities of actors of ice shows. The implementation of this task makes it possible to optimize the mental load on the main subjects of the increasingly popular activity related to the organization and conduct of ballet on ice, which is characterized by high complexity in terms of physical and mental stress, risk to the health of the speakers, etc. The study was conducted using a theoretical analysis of the existing ideas of modern scientists about the problem of stress in sports and artistic activities. As a result of the conducted research, the main stress factors that arise in the activities of ice show actors have been identified, namely: a high level of physical and mental stress in the professional activities of ice show actors, a high risk of injury, stage excitement, and individual characteristics of figure skating actors associated with poor performance.

anxiety occupies a special place among negative experiences, leading to a decrease in working capacity, efficiency, and communication difficulties. An abrupt change in the social situation of the child's development and leading activity requires adaptation to a new social environment. Anxiety includes various aspects of persistent school emotional distress. It is expressed in excitement, increased anxiety in educational situations, in the classroom, in anticipation of a bad attitude towards oneself, negative assessment from teachers, peers. The child is not sure of the correctness of his behavior. The importance of studying this issue is explained by the need to prevent the occurrence of negative emotional states in a timely manner, to identify and eliminate their causes, as these conditions may become more pronounced in school. The article presents the results of a study to determine the differences in the severity and structure of anxiety in boys and girls at primary school age. The data can be used by psychologists of educational organizations to develop programs for the prevention and overcoming of anxiety, to make recommendations for teachers and parents, and to develop special courses in general, age, and educational psychology.

the study examines the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, specifically experienced sexual abuse and family violence, in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, focusing on the mechanism of peritraumatic dissociation during psychological trauma and the development of posttraumatic psychopathological symptoms. The identified correlations demonstrate that, in a certain endophenotype, childhood psychological trauma can manifest as dissociative and posttraumatic phenomena, which later develop into psychopathology. The difference between the psychotraumatic approach to understanding schizophrenia spectrum disorders lies in its implication of a triggering factor – a traumatic situation – rather than merely addressing symptoms, which is the usual focus of clinical practice. Working with both the target trauma and the resulting symptoms together will lead to a better quality of life for patients through long-term remission and reduced self-stigmatization of their disorder.

this article presents a systematic analysis of modern predictive models of consciousness in psychological science. The author of this article reviews the main theoretical approaches, including predictive processing theory, the active inference model, and integrated information theory. In this article, the author also analyzes empirical data confirming the predictive nature of conscious processes, and discusses methodological challenges and prospects for the development of this area of research. In the course of the study, the author of this article found that predictive models of consciousness represent a dynamically developing field that promises to revolutionize our understanding of the nature of consciousness. The central idea is that the brain constantly generates predictions about incoming sensory information and updates its models based on prediction errors. Despite the existing challenges, these theories open new horizons for research and practical applications in psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence.

the article is devoted to the analysis of mental health problems, primarily post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its complex forms, among participants in armed conflicts (PAC). The etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic difficulties and long-term consequences of combat mental trauma are considered. Special attention is paid to social maladaptation and comorbid conditions. Based on the analysis of modern research and classifications (ICD-11), a comprehensive approach to solving problems is proposed, including improving the psychiatric care system, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy methods, social rehabilitation, innovative approaches and public policy measures. The need for personalized treatment and continuous research in this area is emphasized.

the article provides an overview of research on solving the problem of increasing psychological readiness for a certain type of activity in psychology, which is possible using several approaches, in particular the approach to forming an internal positive attitude towards upcoming activities, psychological programming of success and the approach associated with self-regulated learning, as well as the six-step program of H. Zimmerman. The content of recommendations on preparation for competitions (championships) in professional skills «Professionals» is described, the proposed recommendations are tested, and the formative experiment conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed recommendations on preparation for competitions (championships) in professional skills «Professionals» is described.

this article discusses the syndrome of pathological hoarding (SPH), also known as Plyushkin syndrome or hoarding disorder (HD), included in the classification of DSM-5 and ICD-11 (code 6B24). This mental disorder is characterized by an obsessive desire to collect objects and pronounced difficulties in parting with them, regardless of their real value. SPH is accompanied by social, domestic and personal disorders, and can also lead to significant disorganization of the living space. Within the framework of this work, attention is focused on the difference between SPN and Diogenes syndrome, which manifests itself in social isolation, self-neglect and unsanitary conditions, which are more often observed in elderly single people. While with SPH, patients often maintain basic neatness, but exhibit compulsive hoarding. The article contains an analysis of the etiology, clinical manifestations and classifications of SPN, examines its features from the standpoint of personality psychology and psychopathology. Modern diagnostic criteria and the difficulties of identifying this disorder in clinical practice are also considered. The aim of the study is to systematize scientific data and develop recommendations for effective diagnosis and treatment of SPH, taking into account international approaches and classifications.

the article examines the phenomenon of Internet jokes ridiculing obesity and eating behavior associated with excess weight. An analysis of 200 jokes is provided, 6 groups are distinguished: "calendar" jokes (losing weight for a certain season, most often "New Year" and "vacation"); the connection between food and mood (proper nutrition reduces, and unhealthy foods improve mood), "recipes" and methods of losing weight, reasons for failure (why you can't lose weight, what prevents you), propaganda of body-positive attitudes and a statement of the fact of dieting. Data are also provided indicating that in most jokes the object of ridicule is a woman, and at the level of text and visual design, an attitude is formed about "healthy" and "unhealthy" food, which is a kind of propaganda of orthorexia.

this article examines an important but little-studied problem of the impact of personal space on the process of social adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asia in Russia. The results of the study showed that 70% of the respondents live in conditions that do not meet sanitary standards, while 85% of the respondents experience constant discomfort due to the impossibility of privacy. Three main adaptation strategies were identified: the creation of conditional personal zones in a common space, the use of public places for privacy, and the conscious restriction of social contacts. Of particular interest is the data that migrants who have the opportunity to live in less cramped conditions demonstrate significantly higher indicators of psychological well-being and social integration.

the aim of the study was to identify children's fears and their gender characteristics, as well as to test methods of working with these fears. The main objectives included studying the nature of fears in children around 7 years old, analyzing literature, holding discussions in classes, and comparing two methods of working with fears. The researchers' hypothesis suggested that children's fears would be related to the world around them, and perhaps boys would experience more fears, although among children without fears, the majority would also be male. The study involved 120 first-graders aged 6.5-7.5 years, divided into two groups. Each child was asked to assess the level of fear. Both groups listened to a fairy tale before working with fears. In the first group, the children drew their fears and finished drawing something funny, in the second group they exchanged drawings and created airplanes to say goodbye to fears. The results showed that anxiety in children in the first group decreased by 70%, and in the second group – by 93%. The effect of drawing was less noticeable in the case of recent traumatic events. The first group's method was more effective due to the use of different techniques. As a result, boys had more fears, most of which were related to the surrounding world and media. However, among children without fears, there were more boys, indicating the influence of upbringing on the perception of fear.