Vol 8, No 4 (2025)

goflikicept is an innovative pharmaceutical production. As an immunosuppressant, it can be used as a result of various autoimmune diseases and inflammatory processes associated with excessive activity of cytokines, such as IL-1. The drug is most effective in the treatment of patients with idiopathic recurrent pericarditis, in which inhibition of interleukin-1 activity allows to achieve a significant improvement in the patient's condition. As a result of clinical trials, its effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis, as well as the frequency of recurrence of the disease, was proven. These results make this drug an important achievement in the field of immunosuppressive therapy, opening up new opportunities for the treatment of other diseases with a similar pathogenesis.

goal: to analyze modern diagnostic methods for chronic paraproctitis with an emphasis on the latest imaging technologies and evaluate various approaches to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients after surgical interventions. Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed (MEDLINE), eLibrary.RU and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The selection of publications was carried out using the

in the modern world, schizophrenia is one of the most common and severe mental disorders that are known today. This disease affects both the social and professional spheres of life of the patient and his relatives. Modern research shows that men are more likely to suffer from schizophrenia, unlike women. In them, this disease usually begins earlier and is more severe. The manifestation of schizophrenia in women occurs later in life. Schizophrenia is considered one of the most complex and disabling diseases that have a significant impact not only on an individual's life, but also on society. There is little information about its nature and origin. Modern pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia is based mainly on dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonists/partial agonists, however, new discoveries in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia will significantly expand the range of new approaches in pharmacotherapy and identify more reliable biomarkers of the disease. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest pathophysiological theories of the occurrence of schizophrenia and to examine the prevalence of this disease in the city of Penza in 2024.

the improvement of methods for modeling portal vein catheterization and the further development of intraportal methods for correcting liver function are promising areas of scientific research that can make a significant contribution to understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of liver diseases. The experiment was conducted on 35 sexually mature male Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups: the control group (n=10), the experimental group (n=25). In the control and experimental groups, the animals underwent surgical intervention to create obstructive jaundice and portal vein catheterization. Against the background of mechanical jaundice, the animals were intraportally injected with a solution of sodium heparin, and the animals of the experimental group, in addition to heparin, were injected with an ethoxidol solution for 8 days. For dynamic monitoring of the condition of animals with obstructive jaundice, venous blood was collected on the 3rd, 9th and 11th days of follow-up after choledochal decompression. In order to assess the functional activity of the liver, the concentrations of total bilirubin (OB), alanine and aspartic aminotransferases (AlAT, AsAT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were studied. Combination therapy with sodium heparin and ethoxidol has shown positive results in the form of reduced damage to liver cells, decreased activity of the enzymes ALP and AlAT. Analysis of liver structural changes on the 11th day of follow-up after the use of sodium heparin in combination with an antioxidant showed a decrease in liver morphological disorders compared with the control group in the form of a decrease in hepatocyte edema, as well as its structural zone.

the aim of the study was to identify the frequency of occurrence of abnormalities of the extracranial vertebral arteries in men aged 20-30 years, permanently residing and working in the hypocomfortn climatic and geographical conditions of the North. The revealed anomaly in the development of the vessel diameter can have a long asymptomatic period and to varying degrees affect the functional state of the Willis circle in young people, which further leads to an asymmetry in the velocity parameters of blood flow. The data obtained by us diagnosed asymmetry in 2.2% of cases with acquired pathology – extravasal compression, developing with compression of the vertebral arteries from outside. In 1.1% of cases, asymmetry was detected in congenital hypoplasia of the artery with blood flow asymmetry was detected in 1.1% of cases, which was accompanied by instability of blood flow and a decrease in linear parameters.

this article presents a study of partner phubbing phenomenon and its correlation with marital satisfaction and its correlation with romantic relationships. In theoretical analysis, the phenomenon of phubbing was defined, its main features were highlighted, as well as approaches to determining the nature of the occurrence of phubbing in interpersonal relationships, one of which is determined by psychological addiction, but the second one is determined not only by addiction but also like the change of social norms. The phenomenon of partner phubbing was described and correlations and influence partner phubbing on romantic relationships sphere by others researchers was presented. The results of empirical analysis using descriptive and correlation analysis was also presented. It was found that the most of the respondents have partner phubbing, but at the same time, they tend to be a phubber. Despite the presence of partner phubbing, the most of the respondents rated their families like well-being and absolutely well-being, however, the high level of jealousy and merging with the partner was found. Also, in the correlation analysis was revealed and described statistically significant correlations of measures of satisfaction of romantic relationships and partner phubbing, as well as a significant negative correlation of these two variables, which demonstrating that phubbing behaviors can negatively affect on satisfaction of romantic relationships. The findings from our study are significant for understanding how technology can be related to the communication component of a person’s life and the consequences it can lead to in the context of emotional intimacy.

a lucid dream is defined as a dream in which the person realizes that they are dreaming and continues to dream; this gives them full control over the content of the dream. We investigated how lucid dreams effect mood the next day. The dependence of the improvement of mood the next day on the application of lucid dreaming was revealed. The effect of the systematic practice of lucid dreams on the general sense of psychological well-being was studied. Unlike other similar studies, a new and much more effective method for inducing lucid dreams was used, which, also unlike the previously used method, makes it possible to return to a lucid dream after it is over and experience multiple lucid dreams in one night. For comparison, the effect of the creative application of lucid dreams on mood the next day was added. A more understandable scale for rating mood the next day was used. A more comprehensive list of questions was used to determine the effect of lucid dreams on the general sense of psychological well-being. It was shown that using lucid dreams for any purpose improves mood the day after having a lucid dream, with the greatest improvement in mood being promoted by the realization of wishes in a lucid dream; therefore, the recreational use of lucid dreams should not be neglected. It was also shown that the systematic practice of lucid dreaming increases the general sense of psychological well-being. Thus, the practice of lucid dreaming can be used as an effective means of psychological self-regulation without requiring any special expenditure of time.

the article describes the process of a comprehensive progressive study by psychologists and teachers of the phenomenon of educational motivation in general and students' educational motivation in particular. The main milestones in the development of scientific thought in this direction are shown: an emphasis on social motives during the existence of the Soviet Union, an analysis of the relationship between internal and external motives in perestroika and post – perestroika times, and a personality-oriented approach at the present stage. The importance of research focused on the practical goals of pedagogical and psychological impact is shown.

the article presents a theoretical analysis of the psychological characteristics of an Internet-active personality. Psychological phenomena such as "Internet activity" and "Internet-active personality" are considered because of their relevance and ubiquity among the modern population, based on the work of domestic and foreign researchers: E.P. Belinskaya, A.V. Voiskunsky, A.E. Zhichkina, M.S. Ivanov, A.N. Nosov, G.U. Soldatova, A.B. Skuratov and many others. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of modern research, empirical data and conclusions that will help to better understand this topical and multifaceted topic. We briefly cover the aspects of the interaction of personality and the Internet space, the influence of the Internet space on self-esteem, levels of anxiety, sociability of the user, in general, on the formation of personal characteristics. The issues of how social networks affect the formation of identity, self-esteem of users, what kind of risks and problems arise as a result of Internet activity, as well as whether there are positive aspects of online interaction for the mental health of the individual are considered. The negative impact on personality formation from the online space is considered. The main personality characteristics of an active Internet user, with regard to the cognitive and emotional sphere, are highlighted and described.

the article is devoted to the analysis of the role of assessment activities in the educational process and its impact on motivation, self-esteem and academic achievements of students. The author emphasizes the need to use effective and fair assessment methods that take into account the individual characteristics of schoolchildren, contribute to their comprehensive development, as well as the formation of their future competencies. Assessment is considered not only as an instrument for measuring academic performance, but also as a factor influencing the level of students' aspirations and expectations. The article examines the role of teachers' control and feedback in the formation of universal learning activities and the development of higher mental functions. Important attention is paid to the emotional aspects of assessment, which can cause both positive and negative emotions in students. Negative assessments can lead to a decrease in self-esteem and motivation, while fair and objective assessments can be an incentive to learn. The article emphasizes the need for a personalized assessment approach that takes into account the individual achievements and efforts of each student. The author concludes that the current education policy sets teachers the task of revising traditional approaches to assessing student achievement and expanding assessment tools.

the article presents the results of an interdisciplinary approach to solving the multifaceted medical problem of cardiac arrhythmias. Such pathology entails severe complications, as well as reduces the quality of life relevant to the patient's health. The sample consisted of 42 patients with supraventricular heart rhythm disorders (SVR) (atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular nodal recurrent tachycardia, atrioventricular recurrent tachycardia - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) and bradyarrhythmia (sinus node weakness syndrome, atrioventricular block of II and III degrees).) On the eve of the operation and before discharge from the hospital, the patients were administered a questionnaire to assess the quality of life using the methodology of ‘SF-36 health-related quality of life questionnaire’ by J. Var, S. Sherborn. The quality of life questionnaire generates objective and subjective measures of well-being, demonstrates how the patient tolerates his/her illness. The aim of the study was to investigate health-relevant quality of life indicators in patients with various heart rhythm disorders before and after surgery. According to the results of psychodiagnostics of health-relevant quality of life in patients with cardiac arrhythmias, in the postoperative period there is a deterioration of well-being according to the criteria of role emotional and physical functioning, as well as general health.

context and relevance: the modern professional environment is characterized by high cognitive workload, digital overload, and increasing emotional instability, which intensify the issues of occupational stress and burnout. Specialists in the field of information technology are particularly vulnerable due to remote work, high responsibility, and constant informational pressure. Objective. To empirically investigate and theoretically substantiate the interrelation of subject self-regulation and meaning-in-life orientations as key determinants of psychological well-being under conditions of professional stress. Methodology. An empirical study was conducted with IT specialists (N = 74) using psychodiagnostic tools and statistical analysis. Additionally, a cross-disciplinary theoretical and analytical review of Russian and international studies was conducted, focusing on the phenomena of burnout, well-being, meaning-based regulation, and subject activity. Results. The empirical study established that developed subject self-regulation and a coherent system of meaning-in-life orientations are statistically significantly correlated (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) and contribute to resilience under professional stress, mitigate the effects of digital burnout, and support psychological well-being. A strong correlation was found between meaning-in-life indicators and the scales of "Planning" (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) and "Action Programming" (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), emphasizing the regulatory aspect of meaning stability. Conclusions. The empirical research confirmed that meaningful engagement and internal regulatory resources are critical factors in the prevention of professional distress in the context of digital transformation of labor. The necessity of implementing psychological support programs aimed at fostering self-regulation and meaningful involvement in professional activity is emphasized.

anxiety is the psychological background of a person, which is characterized by a sense of danger, unreasonable excitement, emotional discomfort. If these manifestations are short-lived and do not cause problems, then this is considered the norm. This reaction is classified as adaptive. Anxiety can persist regardless of external circumstances. According to statistics, an average of 12% of people worldwide suffer from anxiety, and up to 30% of people experience anxiety periodically. The deviation is increased or decreased anxiety, which leads to various disorders. The cause of violations may be personal and situational anxiety. A high level of anxiety, without timely correction, provokes neurotic disorders. The purpose of our study was to determine the anxiety level of medical university students in the dynamics of university education. The research revealed that students of various faculties have a high level of personal anxiety before the winter session.

the article examines various aspects of time perception and time management in middle age, in relation to the dominant status of ego identity. Objective methods of psychodiagnostics (testing) are used in the work. The study showed the predominance of the autonomous status of ego identity in middle-aged people, which suggests that most of the subjects have reached a significant level of personal maturity. It has been shown that each type of ego-identity corresponds to a specific combination of skills in filling time with events and time management. It has been shown that the abundance of life time with various events causes the emergence of a subjective feeling of acceleration of life time, whereas the "emptiness of life", low eventfulness of time, on the contrary, enhances the subjective feeling of slowness over time. It was also revealed that internal determination in life time management increases the subjective feeling of slowing down the passage of time, as a person is personally and creatively involved in every moment of his life and fills his life with significant events for him, as well as controls the course of his life.

the article is dedicated to the study of the motivation and incentive system for personnel at the insurance company. Based on an analysis of the company's regulatory documents, previous research, and the results of their own empirical study, the authors analyze the current state of the system, identify problem areas, and propose specific measures to improve it, aimed at increasing employee efficiency and achieving the organization's strategic goals. The empirical part of the article presents the results of a study of the motivational profile of different categories of the company's personnel. The authors conclude that a differentiated approach to motivating various groups of employees, taking into account their individual needs and values, is advisable. The authors also conclude that the combined use of the "Intrinsic Motivation Inventory" (IMI) by Ryan R.M. and the "Motivational Sources Inventory" (MSI) by Barbuto J. and Scholl R. achieves a synergistic effect, providing a broader range of descriptive possibilities when analyzing the motivational structure.

the article considers the results of a study of the cognitive activity of students of the humanities. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to use Internet technologies in the educational process aimed at developing students' cognitive activity. The purpose of the work was the process of determining their cognitive activity. The theoretical analysis of scientific literature was used as methods, and a pedagogical experiment was developed and implemented. The results showed the need to increase the level of cognitive activity of students in the educational process. The conclusion is made about the creation and implementation of a program aimed at developing students' cognitive activity based on the use of Internet technologies. This study is dedicated to the analysis of the development of students’ cognitive activity in the modern educational environment. The relevance of the topic is determined by the necessity to improve the quality of the educational process through the use of innovative teaching methods that promote the activation of students’ mental activities. The introduction outlines the aim of the study – to identify the features and patterns in the formation of students’ cognitive activity under the conditions of implementing modern pedagogical technologies. The “Methods” section describes the methodologies used, including both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The empirical basis comprised data from surveys, observations, and test tasks aimed at assessing the level of cognitive activity. A comparative analysis method was applied to compare the results before and after the introduction of experimental educational practices, which contributed to obtaining objective data on the dynamics of students’ cognitive development. Additionally, statistical analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The data presented in the “Results” section indicate a significant increase in the indicators of cognitive activity, especially in groups where problem-oriented learning and interactive teaching methods were actively used. It was found that an individual approach to teaching, the presence of motivating factors, and the active use of distance education technologies have a positive influence on the development of cognitive activity. The dynamics of the changes are confirmed by improved academic performance and increased student engagement in the learning process.

the article investigates the psychological and pedagogical conditions for fostering emotional intelligence (EI) in senior preschool children (aged 5-7) within a digital educational environment. EI, encompassing the ability to recognize, understand, and regulate emotions, is crucial for a child’s personality development, social adaptation, and readiness for school. The study aims to identify conditions that enhance EI development through digital technologies. Objectives include: 1) analyzing the theoretical foundations of EI and its role in preschool age; 2) developing and testing an EI development program using interactive digital tools; 3) evaluating the program’s effectiveness through psychodiagnostics, observation, and surveys; 4) formulating recommendations for educators and parents. The empirical study, conducted in 2024 in three Moscow preschools, involved 120 children divided into experimental and control groups. The program comprised modules on emotion recognition, understanding, and regulation, utilizing applications such as “Emotions and Me” and “Virtual Garden of Emotions.” Results demonstrated a significant increase in EI levels in the experimental group, particularly in emotion regulation, alongside improved empathy and reduced conflict behavior. The practical implications include methodological guidelines for integrating digital tools into preschool education, enhancing teacher training, and creating a safe educational environment that fosters emotional development. Limitations include the dependence of outcomes on teacher qualifications and the need for further research on long-term effects.

this study examines the psychological and socio-personal characteristics of women experiencing domestic violence. Objective: to examine the psychological and socio-personal characteristics of women experiencing domestic violence. Materials and research methods.This study was conducted at the Verba crisis center. The study involved 65 women in a traumatic situation as a result of experiencing domestic violence. All subjects had a history of family life, long-term abuse by a partner or husband. The average duration of cohabitation in a couple was 4,36 ± 1,02 years. The author's questionnaire was used in the work to identify the type of domestic violence, study the somatic and neurotic complaints of the subjects. All subjects were examined by a psychiatrist to exclude psychiatric pathology. In order to determine the multimodal mental state, the questionnaire of neurotic disorders (ONR) was used; to determine the severity of the subjects' negative attitude to their personality and their own future, the questionnaire of hopelessness by A.T. Beck was used. Mathematical and statistical analysis was carried out to process the obtained data using psychodiagnostic methods. Standard methods of statistical analysis were used using the statistika 10 software package. The rank correlation coefficient proposed by K. Spearman was calculated. Correlation dependencies were considered reliable with the values of the correlation coefficients r = 0,5-1,0 and the reliability of differences P <0.05. Results. The results obtained according to the ONR questionnaire showed an excess of indicators on the clinical scales: "Digestive disorders" (72,4 ± 16,54 Tb); "Mental exhaustion" (67,1 ± 6.45 Tb); "General sensitivity disorders" (74,32±9,58Tb; "Degree of deterioration of general well-being" (70,15±10,73Tb); "Experience of one's own inferiority" (68,4±8,53Tb); "Unmotivated fear" (6,8±7,51Tb); "Obsessive thoughts and actions" (76,83±10,31Tb); "Sleep disorders" (68,8±6,47Tb), "Reduced performance" (73,6±9,71Tb). The study of the personality scales of the OHP questionnaire allowed us to determine in the group of subjects an overestimation of the scales: "Neurotic "overcontrol" of behavior" (**–P<0,01), "Hypochondriacism" (*–P<0,05), "Social maladaptation" (**-P<0,01), "Lack of self-confidence" (***- P<0,01), "Affective instability" (***-P<0,01), The main features of the psychological status of the tested women were conscious overcontrol of behavior, an exaggerated tendency to think, inertia and repetitiveness of experiences. Analysis of data on the hopelessness scale established states of mild hopelessness in 63,5±7,3% of moderate hopelessness in 38,4±5.1% of those tested. Discussion. The study found that violence has a significant impact on the personality and psychological state of women. Women experiencing domestic violence were characterized by low self-esteem, they stop believing in their own strengths, in the ability to achieve success in life. Psychological trauma disrupts the ability of victims of violence to control their lives and their behavior. The above psychological characteristics of women, victims of violence, negatively affect their mental health and negatively affect the functioning of such a person in society. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate mental health disorders in women, victims of domestic violence and allow us to raise questions about the need to develop and test effective methods of psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance to families.

the purpose of the work was to analyze the characteristics of indicators of resilience and anti-vitality in adolescents from families with a socially dangerous situation (SDS). The family is the first and most important environment for the successful socialization of a child. When parents subject a child to targeted cruelty, do not satisfy his vital needs, needs for emotional support and attention, the child is in chronic emotional and psychological stress, experiencing a deficit in unconditional acceptance and love. The results of the study showed that despite the fact that the majority of adolescents from SDS families are characterized by a low level of anti-sexuality (60%), 22.86% have very specific thoughts and actions of a self-destructive nature that can lead to the formation of the foundations of suicidal behavior. Anti-sexual thoughts and actions correlate with the presence in adolescents of demonstrativeness and inability to cope with strong emotions, which, due to the presence of chronic emotional tension within the family, constant frustration, create a feeling of helplessness. The presence of conflict in the family often leads to conflicts with other social environments, such as teachers, peers, etc., making them vulnerable to criticism and ridicule. A comparative analysis on the scales of resilience also indicates differences among adolescents from families with SDS. Adolescents from families with SDS have a reduced level of resource capacity. 40% of the subjects have a low level of life satisfaction, feeling frustrated by the desire for recognition, success and self-improvement. The low level of resilience of adolescents is associated with the lack of stable psychological, material and emotional support from the family.

the article presents a theoretical analysis of the problem of the "subject-subject" approach in education. The features and main value orientations accompanying the professional and personal development of naval cadets in educational activities are considered. The results of an empirical study conducted on the basis of the Marine Engineering College of the Maritime Academy at the Admiral G.I. Nevelsky Maritime State University (Vladivostok) are presented. The study sample consisted of 90 cadets enrolled in the 1st and 3rd courses (ages 16 to 20), in the areas of training "Operation of marine power plants" and "Operation of marine electrical equipment and automation equipment", in order to identify the dynamics of the development of value-motivational orientations that determine the image of a future specialist as a subject of activity, according to a battery of methods: Methodology for diagnosing value orientations in the career of "Career Anchors" (E.Shane, translation and adaptation by V.A.Chiker, V.E.Vinokurova), Ritchie-Martin motivational profile, Trends in decision-making (DMTI). In accordance with the answers received during the course of the cadets' diagnosis, recommendations were formulated for use in further work by the psychological service of the educational institution and conclusions were drawn that timely provision of targeted psychological support for pedagogical and educational activities in order to create conditions for successful professional and personal development of cadets during the entire educational process in a military educational institution, It is intended to assist the future specialist in the period of his inclusion in solving complex and operational tasks of self-determination (setting life goals and designing opportunities), difficulties of socialization, motivation, the development of his own subjectivity in work and correct professional and value orientations.