Pathophysiological theories of schizophrenia and its prevalence

in the modern world, schizophrenia is one of the most common and severe mental disorders that are known today. This disease affects both the social and professional spheres of life of the patient and his relatives. Modern research shows that men are more likely to suffer from schizophrenia, unlike women. In them, this disease usually begins earlier and is more severe. The manifestation of schizophrenia in women occurs later in life. Schizophrenia is considered one of the most complex and disabling diseases that have a significant impact not only on an individual's life, but also on society. There is little information about its nature and origin. Modern pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia is based mainly on dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonists/partial agonists, however, new discoveries in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia will significantly expand the range of new approaches in pharmacotherapy and identify more reliable biomarkers of the disease. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest pathophysiological theories of the occurrence of schizophrenia and to examine the prevalence of this disease in the city of Penza in 2024.

schizophrenia, theory, statistics, nervous system, pathophysiology, glutamate, dopamine