Vol 4, No 2 (2015)
- Year: 2015
- Articles: 41
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2309-4370/issue/view/1302
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/snv20152
Biological Sciences
ON THE ISSUE OF FORMATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNDERGROUND ORGANS IN ONTOGENY
Abstract
Ecological and biological assessment and research at the population level securities flora are most relevant. From this point of view, of great scientific and practical interest Astragalus propinquus Schischk. This paper presents a synthesis to identify the characteristics of development in ontogenesis and formation of the morphological structure in perennial herbaceous polycarpic A.propinquus and his vicar species A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus. Is closely related species cemeystva Fabaceae genus Astragalus. These species are among the 50 basic medicinal plant resources of traditional Tibetan and Chinese medicine. We have studied the structure and age structure of populations of Astragalus propinguus, A. membranaceus, state of populations and features of morphogenesis A.mongholicus in Northern Mongolia. By life form species belong to many-headed longrod grassy polycarpic with monocarpic shoots elongated type, consistently developing and replacing each other; hemicryptophytes. In the ontogeny of the species studied clearly distinguished 4 periods: latent, pregenerativny, generative and postgenerativny. The ten states of age: seeds (se), the seedlings (p), juvenile (j), immature (im), virginal (v), the young generative (g1), srednegenerativnye (g2), the old generative (g3), subsenilnye (ss ) and senile (s). Ontogeny complete simple. Thus, the morphological structure of the underground organs A.propinquus, A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus formed sequentially, there are four stages of formation: predkaudeksnogo development, formation obratnokonusovidnoy forms caudex, forming razvalistoy forms caudex and particulation with incomplete separation caudex, which corresponds to four periods ontogeny.
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ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETERS OF RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Abstract
Respiratory failure (NAM)-a pathological condition in which there is provided the maintenance of normal blood gas or it is achieved through more intensive operation of external respiration and heart, resulting in decreased functional capacity of the organism [1,2]. The main method of diagnosis of DN is the study of the gas composition of the arterial blood, but because of the complexity of the analysis, which involves complex invasive techniques for obtaining arterial blood by puncture of a major artery in the therapeutic Department is not carried out [1,3]. A plurality of classifications days, the lack of clear criteria for diagnosis was to analyze assessment days by a combination of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods patient days. As a model of acute respiratory failure were selected from patients with mild intermittent and persistent severity of asthma, which bore a slight aggravation, burdened days 1 severity, number of 30 people. SatO2 blood was the criterion for assessing the severity of DN. In the evaluation of clinical parameters, such as shortness of breath and respiratory rate, it was revealed that the values of these parameters increase is inversely proportional to the drop SatO2 blood. In assessing such clinical parameters as the rate of breathing and instrumental measure FEV1 did not find such dependence. Thus, to assess the severity of DN in patients with bronchial asthma it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and instrumental methods.
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GENETIC BASE FOR SYMPATRY OF YELLOW WAGTAIL MOTACILLA FLAVA LINNAEUS, 1758 AND YELLOW-HEADED WAGTAIL MOTACILLA CITREOLA PALLAS , 1776 (MOTACILLIDAE, PASSERIFORMES) IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Abstract
We investigated the genetic basis between sympatric breeding population yellow wagtail Motacilla flava and yellow-headed wagtail Motacilla citreola in the Middle Volga region. We lead the phylogeographic analysis of the nucleotide sequences in the mitochondrial gene of oxidase I cytochromes in yellow wagtail Motacilla flava and yellow headed wagtail M. citreola populations of Middle Volga. As part of the traditionally recognized species M. flava and M. citreola revealed the existence of separate lines, common in the European part of Russia and neighboring countries and associated with the presence of Middle Volga populations of subspecies of M. f. flava, M. f. thunbergi and M. c. citreola, M. c. werae respectively. The forms of M. c. citreola and M. c. werae due to significant genetic distances deserve assigning them the status of the species. These results suggest that, despite the broad sympatry in nesting places, there is a selective mating between males and females of each species studied, which prevents from the free crossing and supports the insulating mechanisms in populations
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PREDATORS AND PARASITES OF SPIDERS (ARANEI) OF THE SAMARA REGION
Abstract
Spiders are the predators and often play an important role in the regulation of insect and other invertebrate animals. However, the importance of spiders as fighters arthropods is somewhat reduced due to the large number of existing natural enemies. The spiders lead the hunt for food animals of the classes Reptilia and Amphibia. The birds (Aves) feed their chicks with spiders. Mantispa styriaca L. (Neuroptera) uses in food of spiders. The ants of the genera Formica and Myrmica catch and carry spiders to the nest. Some species from the order Diptera and the subclass Acarina parasitize on the spiders' body. The wasps (Sphecidae) stock spiders in cells for rearing their larvas. The most dangerous and numerous enemies of spiders are road wasps of the family Pompilidae , the order Hymenoptera. Spiders can pose a threat to other spiders, which are used to eat not only other spiders species of, but the juveniles of their own species. Our work provides data on 39 species of spiders living in the Samara region, with more than 48 species of predators and parasites.
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THE PHYTOVARIETY OF LOCALITY « SEMISTOZHKY» (CENTRAL CISCAUCASIA)
Abstract
The article reflects the study results of aboriginal flora and the phytocenotic state of natural landmark «Semistozhky» (Stavropol height) communities. In the studied territory not less than 210 species of vascular plants are registered, among which 11 subjects are protected in this region (sub endemic, xerothermic relicts, vulnerable and strenuously exploited types). The studied steppe complex of the natural locality «Semistozhky» differs in a noticeable variety of the mastered habitats. A certain background in distribution of flora and vegetation of the studied landscape create the different characteristics of local soils and climates. Contrast of manifestation of local conditions is connected with an exposition and the steepness of slopes, composition of soils, and finds reflection on the mode warm and moisture security of edaphotop of the natural boundary. On slopes of hills virgin motley-sod grasses and meadow polydominant remarkable steppe communities are preserved. The herbage is difficult arranged and more-layered. Change of specific structure of sublevels of herbage happens during the whole vegetative season. The basis of herbage is made of xerophytes and mezoxerophytes. The most of xerophyt vegetation area extends on the slopes, southern, east and intermediate to them. Communities of the southern slopes are put by densely tufted sod and motley grasses. On destruction products of maternal breed (sandstone, calcicrete) and regional sites of plateau free serial communities from psammo-petrophyt group are developed.
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FLORA OF THE IVANOVO REGION FARMSTEAD PARK “GRIDINO”
Abstract
Data about flora of Ivanovo old region farmstead park “Gridino” are presented. Park and reservoir belong to Ivanovo region special protected territories-natural monument. Historical information about manufacturer farmstead of M.A. Pavlov and park planning are briefly reported. Modern park flora consists of 270 vascular plant species from 5 classis, 94 families and 146 genera. Asteraceae-32 species (11,9%), Rosaceae-29 species (10,7%), Poaceae-24 species (8,9%) are leading families of the park flora. 1 species (Agrimonia pilosa) included in to Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife, 3 rare species (Abies sinirica, Cornus alda, Deschampsia flexuosa)-in to regional Red date book are characterized. Some decorative arboreal (woody) species (Thuja occidentalis, Larix sibirica, Alnus incana forma pinnati - fida, Populus alba, Caragana arborescens, Crataegus sanguine and other) species and grassy introduced plants (Hieracium murorum, Myosotis sylvatica, Phyteuma spicatum and other) are described. Examples of alien plant species spreading on territory of the park are given. Events for green plantations improvement are listed. Farmstead park “Gridino” is important object for regional biological diversity conservation and rare plan protection. Large recreational, educational and informa - tive functions of the park are shown.
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WILD-GROWING SPECIES OF MINT AS CARRIERS OF GENES OF RESISTANCE TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Abstract
It is shown wild-growing types of mint can be carriers of genes of frost resistance and resistance to rust which is caused by a mushroom of Puccinia menthae Pers. The method of interspecific hybridization with use of the cultivated types - Mentha piperita and Mentha canadensis L., and also wild-growing types - Mentha aquatica L., Mentha spicata L. and Mentha longifolia (L.) Nathh is perspective for creation of steady grades. Sustainability donors to a rust - M. canadensis K60 (4p) and K6 M. aquatica which in a wide range of combinations provide resistance to a rust of bulk of hybrid posterity have been revealed. Interspecific hybridization at mint at the corresponding selection of parental couples is a valuable method of creation of highly productive hybrids, steady against a rust (Puccinia menthae Pers) that has been shown.. Monogenic nature of inheritance of an immunity to Puccinia menthae Pers is confirmed and the genotype of the parental forms M. canadensis, M.aquatica, M.spicata is determined by S gene, Existence of prepotent (S) or recessive alleles (s) in homozygous (SS, SSSS, ss) or a heterozygotic state (Ss, SSss) expressiveness of this sign in hybrid posterity of F1 defines. It is established that in F1 of interspecific hybrids from crossing of an allopolyploid form of a pepper mint with frost resistance plants of M. spicata it is frost resistance sign inherited generally on intermediate type, however to 30 % of plants comes nearer on this sign to the frost-resistant parent. It indicates possibility of receiving interspecific hybrids with increased frost resistance at the specified type of crossings. For creation of hybrids with the increased frost resistance use in interspecific hybridization of the frost-resistant forms M. spicata K42, K65, the S1 and S2 lines received from self-pollination of K65 (2.8.I4, 9.37.34), and also a polyploidy of M. canadensis of K60 is perspective. The gene pool of wild-growing types and forms of mint in which the genotypes possessing genes of resistance to rust and the lowered temperatures are presented is created.
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THERMOPHILIC ORGANOTROPHIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS MEIOTHERMUS IN ALKALINE HYDROTHERMS OF PRIBAIKALYE (BURYATIA)
Abstract
Aerobic, facultative anaerobic hydrolytic bacteria are widespread in the sediments and microbial mats of alkaline hot springs in Baikal region (Buryatia). Typical representatives of hydrolytic bacteria are alkalotermophylic bacilli which are capable of utilizing organic matter in alkaline hot spring waters. Two pure cultures of bacteria growing on acetate, pyruvate and soetone were isolated from the microbial mat of Baikal region thermal springs (Buryatia). These strains were non-sporeforming straight or curved rods that morphologically similar to the representatives of the genus Meiothermus. Bacteria on agar medium formed small smooth pink colonies. Ecophysiological properties of isolates are studied (with respect to temperature and pH). Optimal growth temperature of culture Um-14-2-1 was 450C, the temperature range was 35-600C. The temperature range of strain Al-14-3 was 30-60ºC, with an optimum 50 °C. The pH range of strain Um-14-2-1 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.0. The pH range of strain Al-14-3 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.5. Two thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria are similar to the genus Meiothermus by morphophysiological properties and the ability to thermophile, and are moderate thermophiles.
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EVALUATION OF 3 HYDROXYETHYL PYRIDINE MALATE PERFORMANCE WHILE CORRECTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS CAUSED BY ISCHEMIC BRAIN LESIONS ON THE BACKGROUND OF EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES
Abstract
The interrelation of variations of electrophysiological, hemodynamic, metabolic and morphological characteristics of heart with features of brain defeat and the form of cardiac pathologies, during the sharp period of an insult has been studied very little so far. In a number of research works devoted to studying the condition of the system of blood circulation at sharp cerebrovascular pathologies it has been stated that high activity of the sympathetic nervous system accompanied by increase of the level of catecholamines leads to progress of cordial dysfunctions. Thus, the condition of the cordially - vascular system can influence the course of the sharp period of an ischemic insult, and its assessment can be used in forecasting complications from the system of blood circulation, including risk of sudden cordial death. Therefore the search of new preparations that could decrease the frequency of cardiac complications at ischemic defeat of a brain seems very urgent. The article presents the results of the research of the influence of new derivative of oxypyridine-3-hydroxyethylpyridine malate on the functional activity of the cordially - vascular system in conditions of ischemic damage of the central nervous system at streptozotocin diabetes in experiment. The influence of 3- hydroxyethylpyridine malate on the machine sinus unit, atrioventricular carrying out and refractory atrioventricula rnode, conductivity through all sections of heart on the background of decrease of excitability of the left auricles and ventricle is proved, what is accompanied by preventive maintenance of progress of tachycardia and hypotonia, an increase of shock volume of blood and stimulation of systole activity of the left ventricle and facilitates restriction of the sizes of the necrosis zone at the experimental heart attack of myocardium that develops on the background of the reduction of brain blood-groove.
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MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF CHESTNUT SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST TRANSBAIKAL
Abstract
The microbiological researches in chestnut soil of South-West Transbaikalia occurring under peculiar natural-climatic conditions have been studied. Seasonal study of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria (saprophytes, proteolytics, cellulolytics), actinomycetes and fungi in chestnut soil has been carried out which showed a rather broad distribution and fixation of microorganisms through the whole soil profile. These groups (to 106C/g) were mostly observed in the top horizons of soils due to the high content of humus (2,91-4,94%), roots, and also regular condensation of atmospheric moisture. Down the profile the number of bacteria and fungi was generally decreasing by 1-3 orders. Feature of the studied soils was the broad distribution of actinomycetes through the whole soil profile and also increased of their number by1-2 orders in the mineral horizons (3 and 4 sites). The higher density of microorganisms was observed in summer (in its second half) and early autumn periods, which are more favorable because of hydrothermal indicators for vital activities of microorganisms in all researched ecosystems. The number of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi indirect evidence of their large enough role in mineralization processes.
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RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS OF WETLANDS KRYACHEK LAKE AND NEIGHBORHOOD (ULYANOVSK REGION)
Abstract
Paper presents materials of comprehensive research (physical-geographical characteristics, plant cover, ichtyofauna) of Kryachek (Kryazh) Lake and of three worked-out bogs (Stanovoe, Lebyazhye and unnamed in 2 km to east of the Lyakhovka village) located near this lake. At present, all investigated water bodies are lakes with a more or less developed sphagnum-sedge, serge-calamagrostis-sphagnum quaking mires. Physiographic characteristics (surface of bottom for Kryachek Lake, pH of water, depth of lakes), plant cover and ichthyofauna of lakes were studied during researches. It was revealed that Kryachek Lake and depleted peatlands have a high floristic diversity relatively to other similar ecosystem (lakes, raised bogs and transition mires). Altogether 77 species of vascular plants from 48 genera and 32 families were revealed within studied objects. Among the studied flora, species of ferns, raised bogs, transition mires and, also, aquatic andlittoral-aquatic plant species are presented due to the presence of various microecotopes (young and formed quaking mires of raised bogs and transitional mires, fens, ditches, backwaters, shallow waters, deep areas). Studied wetlands are places of location many rare plants in forest-steppe-Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. et Koch, P. praelongus Wulf., Scheuchzeria palustris L., Eriophorum gracile Koch, Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh., C. limosa L., Hammarbya paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze, Salix lapponum L., S. myrtilloides L., Drosera rotundifolia L., Oxycoccus palustris Pers., Utricularia intermedia Hayne, U. minor L. Ichthyofauna of studied water bodies with sphagnum quaking mire is very poor. Altogether, four limnophilic fish species were registered (Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843), Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), C. carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758)). This is explained by the peculiarities of physical-chemical environment settings (in particular, it is the dynamics of pH in the range of 4,3-6,4 within a water body) and a considerable distance from the rivers which are the main source of resettlement of different fish species.
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ON THE FLORA OF SYRTOVOJE ZAVOLZHJE
Abstract
As a result of the floristic studies in Syrtovoje Zavolzhje within the Samara region in 2014, we found interesting in the phyto-geographical and environmental value species and subspecies of plants, including new to the flora of the Samara region (Cotinus coggygria (ergaziofit), Cynanchum acutum, Otites sibiricus subsp. kleopovii), species of the Red Book of the Russian Federation (Eriosynaphe longifolia, Iris pumila, Koeleria sclerophylla, Stipa pennata, Stipa pulcherrima, Tulipa schrenkii), species of the Red Book of Samara region (Astragalus cornutus, Astragalus macropus, Astragalus sulcatus, Atraphaxis frutescens, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Chrysocyathus volgensis, Dianthus leptopetalus, Ephedra distachya, Eremogone koriniana, Eriosynaphe longifolia, Ferula caspica, Ferula tatarica, Galatella angustissima, Goniolimon elatum, Iris pseudacorus, Iris pumila, Jurinea multiflora, Koeleria sclerophylla, Nepeta ucranica, Ornithogalum fischerianum, Palimbia turgaica, Plantago maxima, Stipa pennata, Stipa pulcherrima, Trinia hispida, Tulipa schrenkii). We recommend for inclusion in the new edition of the Red Book of Samara region the next species: Allium tulipifolium, Cynanchum acutum, Elaeosticta lutea, Euphorbia rossica, Euphorbia rossica, Koeleria transvolgensis, Stemmacantha serratuloides, Tulipa scythica.
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AN EXPIENCE OF THE LITTLE AUK SEXING (ALLE ALLE LINK) BY THE BEAK OUTLINES
Abstract
The method of the distant field sexing of the monomorphic birds by the photographs developed initially for the White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus), turned out to be effective for the monomorphic little auks (Alle alle). Outlines of head and beak of “average” male and female have been prepared with an aid of Photoshop SC2 from the multiple individual outlines, based on a number of photographs of the birds of know sex (copulating birds), taken from the Internet. Males statistically significant differ from females by the heights of maxilla and mandible at the border of feathers and in the middle of the beak. However, heights cannot be treated as diagnostic due to the extensive zones of overlapping. The truly diagnostic criteria are the ratios (indexes) of the height to each other as well as the values of the discriminant functions of the mentioned ratios. Acquired thus outlines and ratios have been applied to the 49 individuals of the little auks on the photographs. Their sex was known to the examining party, but not to the author. The maximal match of the outlines to the specimen on the photograph showed its possible sex. The subsequent check of the data showed 100% correct sexing. Similar level of the correct sexing has been reached by using the discriminant equations, based both on a number of measurements of the beak (significantly different in the opposite sexes) and the ratios between these measurements, showing the degree of their robustness and expression of certain characters of the beak (gonys, nail, culmen, etc.). The mentioned method is useful not only for the monomorphic species of all the ages and in various seasons, but also for the dimorphic species in the periods, when distant sexing is difficult (non-breeding, juvenile and nestling plumage). About 570 species, studied so far, proved the sensitivity of the sexing method.
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ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLORA AND VEGETATION AROUND ABANDONED CHALK UPSTREAM CAREER URBAN SETTLEMENT STARAIA KULATKA
Abstract
The article provides an environmental assessment of the flora of abandoned chalk quarry located in the North-East R. p. Staraia Kulatka Ulyanovsk region, now part of geographically part of the protected areas “Bagaevskii ridges”. On the basis of various indicators the analysis of flora: the ratio of life forms on systems K. Raunchier and I. G. Serebryakov, ecological structure, ecological-coenotic analysis, moreover, traces the dynamics of the vegetation and its features at the termination of economic activity. A detailed analysis of the flora showed atalanti this once-transformed human ecosystems and the timeliness of the creation of a protected area, as well as the high ability of vegetation calcium landscapes to recovery. Plant communities identified capacity of protected and rare species of plants such as: Serratula gmelinii exchange., Adonis vernalis L., Pulsatilla patens (L.)Mill. Subsequent clarification and confirmation requires finding a young plant Schivereckia podolica Andrz. Met an adventive plant quarantine-Cyclachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresch. and adventive species Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser is a new distribution points data of plants for the Ulyanovsk region. The territory of the abandoned quarry, mining of chalk, may serve as a platform for studies of natural recovery of veg - etation after the cessation of economic activity.
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BIOLOGY OF ARTEMISIA SANTONICA L. ON THE NORTHERN BORDER OF THE AREA
Abstract
Peculiarities of ontogenesis and phytosociology of rare plant of Penza region Artemisia santonica L. (family Asteraceae) on Northern border of area in saline conditions under strong anthropogenic load is studied. Ability of Artemisia santoniсa to exist at the border area on saline soils in plant association of grassy and halophilic steppe, acting as dominant and codominant is established. Artemisia santoniсa is able to carry out life cycle and to hold territory because vegetative reproduction, which promotes deep rejuvenation affiliated plants (immature age status). Age status and as well as biometric characteristics of vegetative specimens are described (three age period–virgin, generative, postgeneration; six age status immature-1, immature-2, virgin, generative subsenile); schematic graphical image of morphological features of Artemisia santoniсa is depicted. Structure of the generative shoot is clarified. Possibility of variability of structure of the generative shoots is identified. Weak morphological differentiation of generative individuals on young, mature and old is identified. Signs of normal and senile particulate are not found. Possibilities of adaptation of Artemisia santoniсa at level of ontogenesis are discussed.
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Peculiarities of ontogenesis of Bassia laniflora (S.G. Gmel.) A.J. Scott. (Chenopodiaceae)
Abstract
Peculiarities of ontogenesis and phytosociology of Bassia laniflora (S.G. Gmel.) A.J. Scott (family Chenopodiaceae) in South of Penza region on sandy soils is studied. Bassia laniflora grows in the composition of sparse forb sandy steppes, together with Achillea nobilis L., Erigeron сanadensis L., Rumex acetosella L., Artemisia pontica L., acting as dominant and codominant. Participation of Bassia laniflora in plant communities–1–15%. Age status and as well as biometric characteristics are described (two age period–virgin, generative; five age status seedling plants, juvenile, immature, virgin, generative). Polymorphism of virgin and generative plants Bassia laniflora is established. Virgin and generative plants into 3 groups according characteristics of life forms (height of the escape, diameter of stem, especially branching, number of flowers) are divided. Pictures of different life forms of generative plants are there. Causes of polymorphism plants Bassia laniflora and possibilities of adaptation at level of ontogenesis are discussed.
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INVERTEBRATES IN THE COMMUNITY OF URBAN POND NEAR NOVO-SADOVAJA STREET (SAMARA-CITY) IN 2010
Abstract
The state of right pond of two nearly located small ponds in Samara-city was described. 47 Rotatoria species (26 genus, 18 familiars) was found in 2010, the list of met rotifer species is quoted. The Brachionidae, Phylodinidae and Synchaetidae have maximum species quantity. The numerity and biomass seasonal dynamics was studied. Two numerity and biomass growths (in May and August) observes in majority Rotifera populations. Brachionidae i Synchaetidae had maximal numerity, Asplanchnidae and Synchaetidae have maximal biomass. The Rotatoria numerity was in twice more than in near located pond. Value of index species similarity of Serensen is equal 7,27. The Shannon and Pielu indexes was calculated. 17 water Insect species lives in pond. Crustaceans, Gastropods, Turbellaria, Nematoda, Oligochaeta and Ciliophora was founded in pond. The fish Perccottus glenii was founded too. The chemical analisis show four water characteristics was greater than LAC values. The pond water toxicity for Daphnia was studied in laboratory, the N.S.Stroganov standart method was used. The pond water didn't show negative influence for Daphnia survival and fecundity. The species numerity in studied pond is greater than in some urbanized water bodies. The pond ecosystem state is close to satisfactory.
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THE MEANING OF PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION
Abstract
The pathogenesis of several diseases of respiratory system, in particular recurrent obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma are founded on syndrome of bronchial obstruction. The study of the pathogenesis aspects of these diseases is essential to improve the efficiency of treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Patients with bronchial obstruction syndrome have imbalance between reactions of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system with a significant damage to biological membranes at the cellular and subcellular level. Metabolic response in these patients have lower compensatory capacity, that leads to development of more severe forms of the disease. The analysis of the data obtained showed that prior to initiating therapy in children with recurrent obstructive syndrome was a decrease in antioxidant protection indicators (ceruloplasmin content and catalase activity in blood serum) and an increase in indicators of intoxication (malondialdehyde content in the blood serum). After the use of polyoxidonium in a complex therapy the patients showed a reliable increase in the content of ceruloplasmin and catalaza activity in the blood serum and decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum. It was found that before treatment patients had an increase in the index of intoxication (nitric oxide), after the use of polyoxidonium in a complex therapy they had a significant reduction of nitric oxide in the blood serum.
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QUALITY ASSESSMENT TERRITORY ADJACENT TO THE «DRILLING EQUIPMENT PLANT»
Abstract
Soil, performing a number of important functions is the geomembrane and affects the flow of most processes in the biosphere. Wherein geochemical processes occurring in the soil play an important role in the fate of contaminants as organic matter while controlling their redistribution in the ecosystem between its various components are generally leads to the formation of stable areas of contamination. The soil not only geochemically components accumulates contaminants, but also acts as a natural buffer that controls the transfer of chemical elements and compounds in the atmosphere. Around industrial enterprises formed geochemical anomalies with high content of pollutants, which can reach a radius of 10-50 km, and the impact of large industrial centers can be traced to a distance of 100 km. All known processes of metal accompanied by the formation of large amounts of waste that pollutes air, water and land surface. Mechanical engineering is an important industry of the Orenburg region and is represented by enterprises of the military-industrial complex, agricultural machinery, machine tools, equipment for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, vehicles, electric household appliances. In the machine-building complex of the Orenburg region includes more than 70 large enterprises. The share of engineering products in the volume of industrial production is about 8%. In this case, the natural environment of the city of Orenburg slabozaschischena from most adverse geo-environmental factors. Based on this, we carried out a study on the quality of soil and environmental situation prevailing in the city of Orenburg, in the zone of influence of the enterprise «Plant drilling equipment.»
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THE ADDITION TO THE LIST OF SARATOV REGION RARE PLANTS SPECIES
Abstract
In the article the new data about spreading of 10 rare plants species in Saratov region recommended to the inclusion in the third edition red book of Saratov region are performed. The information about habitat and population con - dition is considered. All research carried out by standard methods of phytocoenologyi and gidrobotany. The data extend the idea of the distribution on the territory of the Saratov region some rare plants species (Halocnemum strobilaceum, Ceratophyllum tanaiticum, Ceratophyllum submersum, Suaeda salsa, Batrachium rionii, Elatine alsinastrum, Aegilops cylindrica) and contribute to improved knowledge of regional floristic richness. The information about three new plants species (Silene cretacea, Hymenolobus procumbens, and Camphorosma lessingii) is provides. All new data entered in the electronic database “The status of the populations of rare plants species of Saratov region”, “Reservoir vegetation of Saratov Zavolzhje” and “Vegetation cover of Saratov nature monuments”. Three territories recommended to the conserva - tion status of natural monuments. Laid the foundations for the monitoring data of cenopopulation rare species that will be used in the conduct of the Red Book of the Saratov region, and estimating the dynamics of vegetation of natural monuments and areas recommended for protection.
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ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM CMA 1/B (G1903A) WITH THE INDEX OXYGEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE BODY IN YOUNG MEN WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOTOR ACTIVITY
Abstract
In the study, we investigated the association of polymorphic locus CMA 1/B (G1903A) with indicators of oxygen transport system of the body. To determine the nucleotide substitutions in the gene CMA1/B, we used RFLP- analysis, PCR products were digested with the restriction enzyme BstXI. Analysis of the distribution of frequencies of alleles and genotypes CMA1/B showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of polymorphic variants of genotypes between athletes and controls. Athletes have predominant genotype A/A (0,52), and G/G (0,4), whereas in the control group, the most common genotype A/G (0,58). Using factor analysis, we revealed differences in the structure of the association between indicators of oxygen transport system depending on the genotype of the gene CMA. It was revealed the association of polymorphic gene variants with red blood parameters, hemodynamic and respiratory systems, as well as with physical endurance and tolerance to the muscular load. The closest connection between the studied traits detected at polymorphic variants CMA A/A. At this genotype physical endurance largely depends on the state of the circulatory system and the respiratory system functional reserves. It was also shown the correlation between adaptive capabilities of cardiovascular system and efficiency of the heart functioning with the level of motor activity. The interaction complex of the features that characterize the activities of the cardiorespiratory system, system, causes the formation of the final phenotype, which obviously explains the detected frequency distribution of different genotypes in athletes.
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FLORA OF THE NATURAL MONUMENT “NICOLSKAYA SOPKA” IN PETROPAVLOVVSK-KAMCHATSKY
Abstract
This paper reports the results of studying flora of the natural monument “Nicolskaya sopka”. The vascular flora is represented by 149 species belonging to 110 genus and 42 families, adventive component is 26.17%. “Nicolskaya sopka” is the complex, natural and historical monument of regional value including the Nikolskaya hill and the Signalnyi cape with a total area of 25,5 hectares. The natural complex of a monument is protected since 1980. The flora of vascular plants is presented by 149 species relating to 110 genus and 42 families, the adventive component makes 26,17%. The highest position in a range of the leading families of flora of the Nikolskay hill is held by Asteraceae and Poaceae. The prevailing vital form is herbaceous perennial polycarpic, hemicryptophytes. The prevailing group in relation to light are heliophytes (53,69%), sciophytes are 5,36%. Umbraticolous plants make 40,93% of flora. In relation to extent of moistening the prevailing group are mesophytes (87,25%). The boreal component of the studied flora is presented by 105 species (70,47%). The most part of polyzonal species are adventive. Of longitude groups most represented are Eurasian (19.46%), Circumpolar (16.78%), Far East (16.11%) and Eurasian-American (14.09%). Adventive species are represented mainly Eurasian elements. Set of the leading families, prevalence of mesophytic ecotypes and boreal habitat type show boreal character of flora, which corresponds to the zonal position of the city. The state of the natural complex of the park requires monitoring because of active recreational use of the territory.
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DISTRIBUTION OF BRYOPHYTES OF AGALYK BASIN (KARATEPA MOUNTAINS OF ZERAVSHAN MOUNTAIN RANGE)
Abstract
From bryological point of view Zeravshan mountain range remains one of the least studied region. Identification of species composition of true mosses and their ecological-biological peculiarities were not earlier aimed for this region. In the territory of Agalyk basin Karatepa mountains can be divided into four types of substrates where moss species occur: soil, bark of living trees, decayed wood, stones. Characteristics of substrate groups become complicated due to wide range of ecological valency of moss species. Most species select not only one, but several substrates for their settling. During the research period in the soils of Agaliksay basin 20 species were recorded belonging to 13 genera and 10 family. On decayed wood 9 species were recorded belonging to 7 genera and 5 family. On the bark of living trees 15 moss species were recorded belonging to 8 genera and 6 family. Epilyte bryophytes occurred on rocky substrates. On rocky substrates of Agaliksay basin 34 moss species were recorded from 16 genera and 13 family. On the basis of results obtained during the study of substrate groups of mosses in Agaliksay basin, we have conducted comparative analyses of studied substrate groups with the purpose of determining their characteristic features.
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PALINOMORPHOLOGICAL AND PALINOTOXICAL ASSESSMENT OF AEROTECHNOGENIC POLLUTION IN URBOEKOSISTEMS
Abstract
The men's generative system of populations of Salix babylonica growing along roads with various level of pollution was investigated. It is established that emissions of motor transport make the adverse effect on generative bodies of Salix babylonica that is shown in the raised production of sterile pollen and its poor quality that is confirmed by exis - tence of reliable differences between the populations growing in zones with various level of aero technogenic pollution. At plants of an inspection zone quite high rate of sterility - 18% of a man's gametophyte was revealed, however production of abortive pollen had been increasing at the populations growing in zones with the average and high level of pollution by 2,7 times. Calculation of an index of sterility lack of distinctions in production of sterile man's gametes between zones with average and high pollution levels have been revealed. The obtained data allowed making the conclusion that the plants that aren't changing production of abortive pollen in process of increase in pollution are tolerant and can be recommended for gardening of urbophytocenosis. Therefore Salix babylonica is offered to use for gardening of anthropogenous phytocenosis as culture, tolerant to a technogenic stress. Indicator of the raised production of abortive pollen grains in system of environmental monitoring behind the objects of environment has been recommended to use testing various degree of anthropogenous loading.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF FLORA IN SAMARA ZAVOLZHIE NEPOTISTIC SPECTRUM
Abstract
It is known that the flora reacts on changing of composition climatic factors. Changing the composition of the head of the nepotistic spectrum, which is determined by the type of flora (first triada). Samara Region is located in Fab-zone, which in the territory of the Volga basin covers Saratov, Samara, Ulyanovsk region and the Republic of Tatarstan. In the north-western part of the Volga basin it gradually becomes Ros-zone. Changes in the composition of flora has discrete-continuous in nature. Flora in different parts of Fab-zone has its own characteristics, which is reflected in the taxonomic parameters. Most of the Samara Region is located in Zavolzhie, which forms the border of natural zones: forest-steppe and steppe. The natural conditions of these territories have their differences, and, therefore, differ in the parameters flora. The article reveals differences in the taxonomic structure of the flora of the steppe and forest-steppe part of the Samara region. These differences manifest themselves in different share of participation Fabaceae and Rosaceae. In the steppes of Samara Zavolzhja weakened the role of the family Rosaceae and enhanced Chenopodiaceae. Taxonomic analysis shows that the composition of the leading families first triad of the spectrum depends on the number of species in the description. The more species, the greater the likelihood that established triad leading families, corresponding to the zone. If the number of species in the description 500, then the leading triads stabilized.
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THE DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS OXYTROPIS SPICATA (PALL.) O. ET B. FEDTSCH. (FABACEAE) IN SAMARA REGION
Abstract
This article presents the main results of years of research demographic characteristics of natural coenopopulations of rare species in Samara flora Oxytropis spicata (Pall.) O. et B. Fedtsch. (Fabaceae). This representative of the local steppe flora included in lists of protected region with the status of rarity (3/A) - an extremely rare species, drastically reducing their numbers. Studies of species population conducted by us in the years 2000-2013 on the territory of Samara High Zavolzhje in seven points. In the surveyed habitats there are small clusters of individuals. In ontogenetic specter populations lead generative individuals, have a long existence in this period of ontogenesis. The largest share of the population is characterized by a generative individuals to Sernovodsk Sheehan and Vysokaja gora (Sergievsk area of Samara region). Until-generative individuals in the populations studied are mainly represented by virginal instances. Duration stages Until-generative period ranges from a few days to a few weeks, the number of surviving seedlings small. Indices restoration and replacement of individuals in populations have high values. Population dynamics ща Oxytropis is fluctuating character. Often, however, there is a gradual decline in the proportion of mature generative individuals during their transition to a later state of ontogeny, which leads to aging populations and causes loss of species phytocenoses. It is noted that the features of ontogenesis and the demographic structure of populations of O. spicata indicate the need for further protection of the species in the region and changes conservation status in the Red Book of Samara region (3/B - a very rare species, gradually reducing the number).
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SWAMP MOKHOVOE AROUND R.P. GLOTOVKA INZA DISTRICT OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION - A VALUABLE BOTANICAL OBJECT
Abstract
On the territory of the Ulyanovsk region upland sphagnum bogs are rare plant communities. For the first time a description of the flora upland sphagnum bogs Mokhovoe 1.5 km south of the r.p. Glotovka Inza district of the Ulyanovsk region. This is valuable in the Ulyanovsk region mount, oligotrophic bogs with birch and shrub-cotton grass-sphagnum phytocenoses not previously been studied by experts. For the first time we present data on the flora of the object. Found 20 species of plants, of which 4 (Utricularia vulgaris L., Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench., Охусоссus palustris Pers., Drosera rotundifolia L.) are included in the Red book of the Ulyanovsk region, and 3 types (Chamaedaphne calyculata, Охусоссus palustris и Drosera rotundifolia) are relic. Of particular interest is the vegetation quagmire, which is located in the center of the marshes and the water is separated from the main beach. It is here preserved valuable boreal complexes having great scientific interest. Total flora quagmire are 11 species of vascular plants, including rare and medicinal species Eriophorum vaginatum L., Сarex lasiocarpa Ehrh., Menyanthes trifoliata L. and Comarum palustre L. Dominated by two associations: Betula pubescens +Chamaedaphne calyculata +Eriophorum vaginatum + Sphagnum and Сarex lasiocarpa + Eriophorum vaginatum + Охусоссus palustris + Sphagnum. To preserve this unique natural site with rare plant species and communities needs careful protection at the regional level. Swamp Mokhovoe recommended to us for inclusion in the protected areas of the Ulyanovsk region.
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RAIL TRANSPORT AS A SOURCE OF SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH HEAVY METALS
Abstract
This article discusses the pollution of soils with heavy metals in the vicinity of railways. Describes the ways and means of receipt of pollutants in soil. Investigated pollution with heavy metals of tap railroad Kuibyshev railway. Presents the results of the comparison of soil pollution with heavy metals in comparison with the maximum permissible concentration and regional background levels. The studied area of the Kuibyshev railway station 1004 km to the station Obsharovka direction Samara-Syzran on the contents in the soils of tap railroad 4 heavy metals: Fe, Сu, Мn, Cг. Revealed that the pattern of distribution of heavy metals away from the railroad tracks play a role as natural and artificial barriers. The natural barriers include shelterbelts, and the artificial - the presence of solid fences. Due to the close proximity of agricultural lands to railroad tracks is particularly important to take into account the contamination of soils by heavy metals in the bends of the Railways. Many heavy metals can accumulate in plants (agricultural) and, accordingly, to be involved in the system «plant - man; plant - animal - man», which contributes to the deteriorating health of the population.
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EFFECT ON 6-BAP CATALASE ACTIVITY IN TOMATO PLANTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE STRESS
Abstract
Activity of the antioxidant system is one of the mechanisms for the protection of plants against adverse environmental factors. Catalase - a primary antioxidant enzymes. Her change may serve as an indicator of plant resistance to stress. Studied catalase activity in tomato plants of different varieties under the action of low temperatures and cytokinin 6-BAP preparation. The object of investigation used 24- and 27-day-old tomato plant varieties Podarochnyi, Patrice, Volgogradskyi. Found that under the action of low temperatures, the decrease in positive catalase activity: 10-30% at 10 ° C and 40-60% at a temperature of 3 ° C as compared with non-refrigerated plants. Less resistant to hyperthermia were plant varieties Patrice. With increasing length of vegetation at a temperature of 25 ° C in 27-day-old tomato plants resulted in a minor increase in the activity of the enzyme. After the end of the cooling observed recovery of enzyme activity only at grades Podarochnyi and Patrice. This indicates that the indicated tomato varieties possess a high ability to restore metabolic processes. Using 6-regulator cytokinin BAP increased catalase activity in tomato plants as prolonged or momentary cooling. Especially responsive to the drug were plant varieties Patrice and Volgogradskyi. And 6-BAP helped repair catalase activity in 27-day-old plants in the aftereffect of cold stress. Were more sensitive plant varieties Podarochnyi.
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CONCERNING THE «BUZULUKSKY BOR» NATIONAL PARK FOREST COMMUNITIES MEDICINAL PLANTS
Abstract
The are 266 medicinal vascular plants from 181 genera, 64 families, 5 phylum (Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Pteridophyta, Pinophyta, Magnoliophyta) in the «Buzuluksky Bor» national park. 67 species of medicinal vascular plants from 59 genera, 27 families and 4 phylum grows in forest communities, which are the most widespread such plants as Chelidonium majus L., Convallaria majalis L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, Taraxacum officinalis L. and Pinus sylvestris L. Increasing number of medicinal plants has a considerable projective covering in oak forests. 30 species of medicinal plants, most of all their share in the maple forests are specific to a certain type of forest communities. The greatest similarities of specific structure of medicinal plants are oak and birch communities. The number of medicinal plants in forest communities decreases among: oak forests (35 species) > birch forests (33 species) > pine forests (30 species) > maple forests (29 species). With increase in a gigrotope and reduction of a trofotope in community of the national park «Buzuluksky Bor» located in a forest-steppe zone a variety of medicinal plants increases, however the heliotope has no significant impact on number of medicinal plants. In the territory of national park «Buzuluksky Bor» it is recommended to collect herbs only in a recreational zone and a zone of informative tourism, and in oak and birch forests. Convallaria majalis, Pteridium aquilinum, Aegopodium podagraria, Polygonatum odoratum are less vulnerable when collecting medicinal raw materials.
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CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION OF SOILS TERRITORIES ADJACENT TO THE JSC «MELEUZ MINERAL FERTILIZERS»
Abstract
Environmental pollution by industrial enterprises, leading to its degradation and impairing the health of the population remains an urgent concern of environmental social and economic importance. At present, more and more land is subject to man-made factors that alter the chemical composition of the soil. All this is the result of agricultural use of various pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth stimulants. But beyond that, many an important role in soil pollution are industrial emissions. This article examines the impact of the enterprise for the production of mineral fertilizers - JSC «Meleuz Minetal Fertilizers» - the quality of soil and environmental situation developing at a location nearby. On a functional purpose, this area is an area of growing crops. Not very safe is that this site is located within the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone. Monitoring of soil at an early stage allows you to track incipient changes in the environment. To assess the ecological status of the study area were determined indicator of chemical pollution of soils sampled at different distances from the plant, and the ranking according to the degree of ecological trouble. The results of the analysis showed that the highest concentrations of pollutants found in soil samples taken at the minimum distance from the plant. This confirms the impact on the territory of priority chemical plant emissions. Ranking in terms of chemical contamination of soils indicates that the territory adjacent to the JSC «Meleuz Mineral Fertilizers», at all distances studied, should be referred to an area with critical ecological situation.
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PRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PRODUCTS OF HORSE BREEDING BASED ON A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL COVER OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Abstract
Study of different natural and agricultural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan on the content of heavy metals (HMs) in soils and forages has bioaccumulation, assess their effects on the body of horses and the identification of areas with acceptable terms for environmentally safe products and horse breeding. To do this requires the intensification of productive breeding-organization at all konefermah of the production of horse meat and drink, foraging and feeding horses, expanding the range of products of horse meat and broader participation of equestrian sport. Horse meat is prized primarily for its high-grade protein, b vitamins, especially niacin. It contains a large amount of iron and important microelements of cobalt, iodine, copper. By most measures is equivalent to beef horsemeat, but on the content of essential amino acids and microelements, especially lipotropic substances, horse meat has a considerable advantage. At present, the problem of assessing the availability of soil nutrients for plants, and in spite of the length of the study not only has not lost its relevance in terms of useful plants, but also expanded its borders through questions on the flow from soil into plants of harmful substances, toxic to plants, animals and humans. Essential trace elements (e.g., Cu Zn. Mn, Pb, CD) are in addition to the biochemical processes (photosynthesis, formation of organic-mineral compounds, respiration, transformation of substances, etc.) perform the role of polluting the soil cover substances and toxicants for plants, animals and humans in case of exceeding of MPC, since these heavy metals-active contaminants ecosystems (such as Pb, Zn and Cd-I CU-hazard class, hazard class, Mn (II)-(III) hazard class).
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SOME ASPECTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF ISCHEMIC-HYPOXIC LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NEWBORNS
Abstract
The problem of perinatal morbidity in case of insufficiently high fertility in Russia is one of the most relevant at the monent. The leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality continue to remain hypoxic-ischemic brain damage the fetus and newborn. Ischemic-hypoxic damage of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most dangerous and prognostic significance. They often fatal and takes a leading role in the future of children and maladjustment of severe disabling diseases. Introduction of innovative medical technologies in health care practice greatly enhances the study of the causes of many diseases and abnormalities in newborns and helps to clarify the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical and morphological structure, as well as typical for different gestational age localization of brain damage. It is shown that the generalized disorder of lipid metabolism with the development membranodestruktive processes is closely correlated with the severity of hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system. It was found that infants who underwent antenatal and / or intranatal hypoxia, there are significant transformation of lipid metabolism lead to changes in the composition of lipids of blood plasma and red blood cells (with the accumulation level of chaotropic fractions phospholipid bilayer membranes of red blood cells - Lizoform phospholipids and free fatty acids). The necessity inclusion complex therapy consequences of perinatal hypoxia drugs, which have antioxidant, antihypoxic activity and the ability to regulate lipid metabolism.
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PLANT COMMUNITIES WITH GLOBULARIA PUNCTATA LAPEYR. IN SAMARA REGION
Abstract
This article contains information about scientific research conducted steppe plant communities with Globularia punctata Lapeyr. in the Samara region. Given their ecological and phytotsenotichesky characteristics, geobotanical descriptions and geographical coordinates. Based on the research concludes that Globularia punctata Lapeyr. part of the Stipa lessingiana + Festuca valesiaca, Festuca valesiaca + Stipa pennata, Festuca valesiaca + Stipa pulcherrima and Herbae stepposae + Festuca valesiaca communities meadow steppe zone, where it presented a significant number of the population of individuals is in a stable condition, with well-defined developmental structure. In total, the communities with Globularia punctata Lapeyr. recorded 120 species of vascular plants, of which 21 (17,5%) are rare and are included in the Red Book of Samara Region (2007): Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch, Stipa pennata L., Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall., Hedysarum razoumowianum Fisch. & Helm ex DC., Eremogone koriniaya (Fisch. ex Fenzl) Ikonn., Astragalus zingeri Korsh., Oxytropis floribunda (Pall.) DC., Scabiosa isetensis L., Ephedra distachya L., Alyssum lenense Adams, Adonis wolgensis DC., Silene baschkirorum Janisch., Jurinea ewersmannii Bunge, Aster alpinus L., Polygala sibirica L., Cotoneaster melanocarpus Fisch. ex Blytt, Iris pumila L., Galatella angustissima (Tausch) Novopokr., Linum flavum L., Campanula wolgensis P.A. Smirn. and Globularia punctate Lapeyr. The data obtained are recommended for use in the 2-nd edition of the Red Book of Samara region, community participation Globularia punctata Lapeyr. - for inclusion in the Green Paper of the Samara region, and described the territory - to select based on these natural monuments of regional significance.
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PALEOECOLOGICAL HABITAT OF THE LATE QUATERNARY MOLLUSCS OF THE NORTHERN FORE-CASPIAN LOWLAND ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KOSIKA 1 LOCALITY
Abstract
Investigations of the Middle-Late Neopleistocene deposits of the Kosika 1 locality and studied malacological complexes permit to understand changes of the main geological events of the territory and to identify molluscs palaeoecologihal habitats. Brakishwater and freshwater lakes existed on the territory after Early Khazarian Sea regression (beginning of the Late Neopleistocene; layer 1). Marine deposits accumulated during Late Khazarian Sea transgression (first half of the Late Neopleistocene; layer 2). Big river (Paleo-Volga) existed after the regression of the Late Khazarian Sea. This river flow to the south in the direction of the coastline retreatment. Fluvial deposits prove river existence (layer 4). Marine deposits with special key mollusc species accumulated during the Khvalynian Sea transgression. Again, river existed after regression of this sea. Alluvium is on the top of the Khvalynian section, it is contain rich complex of the freshwater and marine mollusc species (layer 5). Fluvial-marine deposits form the underwater delta, which accumulated during Late Khvalynian time. These deposits contain shell fragments of freshwater and marine mollusc species. Deposits of the underwater delta form in the relief elongated hills, which are known as “Ber bugor” among geomorphologists.
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ADAPTATION MECHANISMS OF FORMATION SPROUT SYSTEMS INDIVIDUALS GLECHOMA HEDERACEA L. UNDE CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Abstract
Vegetative-mobile plants - the fittest in most natural plant communities and plays an important role in the nature of a group of plants. In the development of vegetative-rolling plants is characterized by the unity and opposition of three interrelated aspects: vegetative development, generative and vegetative reproduction. The resolution of contradictions between them is adaptive in nature. Vegetative restoration and vegetative reproduction-moving plants combined with the ability to vegetative mobility, which allows the plant to push their vegetative-child offspring from the mother's body. Ecological and phytocoenotic tropism plagiotropic shoots allows plants (statistically) rationally «choose» places to secure autonomic-affiliated individuals. Increased soil humidity promotes the growth of aboveground rooting shoots, as well as the initiation of kidney regeneration in the tissues of the organs of vegetative reproduction. Factor soil moisture is a key in the set of different environmental factors in shaping the internal structure of creeping escape. Specificity patterns sprout systems Glechoma hederacea in various conditions has adaptive nature enshrined as an evolutionary species feature and as a manifestation of plasticity of the plant organism to changing environmental conditions.
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RESULTS OF THE FLORISTIC RESEARCHES OF THE SVIYAGA RIVER WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE RGS PROJECT «THE RIVERS OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION»
Abstract
From 23d of May till 1st of June the third rafting expedition has taken place within the framework of the project «The rivers of Ulyanovsk region». It was within the framework of the project «Complex of ecological examination of the middle course of the Sviyaga river» of Ulyanovsk Russian Geographical society department.The project «The rivers of Ulyanovsk region» was rated at 4 years and now it's realizing with Ulyanovsk state department of the Russian geographical society and Simbirsk Bird protection Union department, Ulyanovsk state regional museum of I.A. Goncharov, Research center «Поволжье», Ulyanovsk state pedagogical university of I. N. Ulyanov and Ulyanovsk state university.The general aim of the scientific researches is complex ecological description of big and medium rivers of Ulyanovsk region and the assessment their modern ecological, chemical shape and biotic variety.In 2014 the researches were arranged on the Sviyags river, it was botany, entomology, ichthyology, ornithology, theriology and hydrology, also landscape description of water meadow and Sviyaga valley was made. The description of the anthropogenic load dynamics of the river was also made. There are results of the floristic researches of the Sviyaga river and geobotanical and floristic description of the examinee with the description of the most rare vegetable subjects in the article.
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ANALYSIS OF ADVENTIVE FLORA STATION DEMA (BASHKIR BRANCH OF THE KUIBYSHEV RAILWAY)
Abstract
The article discusses the flora railway embankments of the station Dema related to Kuibyshev Railway. Railway embankments are active ways straddling immigrations of alien plant species. On these types of landscapes are formed anthropogenically transformed floristic complexes, in addition involving a large number of adventive species. Studied in 2013-2014 flora mounds station Dema includes 217 species, of which 84 adventive species. The average number of species in the family is equal to 5.9. Ten leading families flora railways station - Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, С.А. Хусаинова, Э.С. Сейдалиева, А.Ф. Хусаинов, Л.М. Абрамова АНАЛИЗ АДВЕНТИВНОЙ ФЛОРЫ СТАНЦИИ ДЕМА (БАШКИРСКОЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ... Самарский научный вестник. 2015. № 2(11) 133 С.А. Хусаинова, Э.С. Сейдалиева, А.Ф. Хусаинов, Л.М. Абрамова АНАЛИЗ АДВЕНТИВНОЙ ФЛОРЫ СТАНЦИИ ДЕМА (БАШКИРСКОЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ... Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae. The largest genera - Artemisia (6 species), Rumex (5 species), Poa (5 species), Centaurea (4 species). The time and manner of introduction, the degree of naturalization and florogenetic spectrum of flora were analized. Participation of invasive species in the flora is 38.6%, which determines the degree of its adventization. Among adventive species is high enough role neophytes (25.3%). In the flora of the study area for the new account the Bashkortostan Republic species and habitats - Ambrosia trifida, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia, Oenothera oakesiana, Oenothera biennis, Phalacroloma strigosum, Senecio viscosus, Eragrostis minor, Eragrostis pilosa.
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SCREENING OF PHYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF PESTICIDE BI-58 WITH USE OF ALLIUM CEPA L. AND ZEA MAYS L.
Abstract
We carried out the comparative analysis of phytotoxic effect of BI-58 pesticide on morphometric indicators of roots of seeds of Zea mays L. and Allium cepa L. Results of the conducted research showed that BI-58 in the range of the studied concentrations (0,05 - 0,4 ml/l) had the negative impact on sprouts of Allium cepa and Zea mays' seeds which is shown in inhibition of a root gain and viability of seeds. This influence had the expressed dose-dependent character: increase of concentration of the tested preparation caused decrease in the studied indicators in both test cultures. The dose of 0,05 ml/l of phytotoxic action didn't render on sprouts of Allium cepa and Zea mays. It should be noted the concentration of BI-58 recommended for application (0,1 ml/l) had the expressed phytotoxic effect on test plants. It was established sprouts of Zea mays were more sensitive to toxic effect of pesticide, than Allium cepa. On the basis of these data this dose at cultivation of the tested cultures was recommended not to use. The further increase in concentration of BI-58 (0,2 and 0,4 ml/l) caused the interfaced increase of phytotoxic effect on Самарский научный вестник. 2015. № 2(11) 136 Д.Э. Эмирова СКРИНИНГ ФИТОТОКСИЧЕСКОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ПЕСТИЦИДА БИ-58 ... the tested cultures. Length of roots of Allium sera decreased by 1,5 times at concentration of 0,2 ml/l and by 40,66% - at decrease in quantity of the sprouted seeds. The increase in concentration of a preparation (0,4 ml/l) caused decrease in length of roots of sprouts of the studied test culture and oppression of their viability. In particular, length of roots of Allium sera in this option of research decreased by 1,8 times in comparison with control, a viability indicator - by 46,16%. Pesticide had similar impact on Zea mays. In particular, at a dose of BI-58 of 0,2 ml/l length of backs of Zea mays decreased by 45,1%, a viability indicator - for 25,3% in comparison with control. The increase in concentration of the studied preparation twice (0,4 ml/l) caused decrease of the morforometric roots indicators for 52,1%, decrease in viability - for 28,8% in comparison with control option.
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Pedagogical Sciences
EXPERIENCE OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGH SCHOOL
Abstract
Modern educational technologies designed to facilitate the formation of professional competence of future specialists. In this connection, the base of the information and didactic basis of their formation in the high school make innovative interactive educational technologies aimed at informatization and individualization of the learning process, the increasing importance of independent work of students. The article analyzes the conditions for the preparation of future specialists of motor transport, the special role of the teacher's qualifications is designated, his teaching style and pedagogical experience, the relationship between teacher and students. The article describes nine principles of interactive forms of education. Interactive technologies in accordance with the requirements of educational standards of higher professional education of the latest generation is recommended to use during lectures, practical classes, laboratory work and other kinds of training sessions. The article presents the development and implementation experience of interactive lectures course the educational process. The course is to train future professionals of motor transport to at the department «Automatized machine-tool and tool-associated systems» of Samara State Technical University. The author tells that the presentation structure of the lecture material and the list of illustrative information is planned by the example of an interactive lecture on discipline «Metrology, Standardization and Certification». Attention is paid to the methodology of the students' survey to assess their understanding of the information.
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THE DYNAMIC SOF FUNCTIONAL RESERVES STUDENTS WITHPOORHEALTH DURING PHYSICALEDUCATION
Abstract
57 university students were examined. All of them were classified as health to special medical group. All engaged in physical activity on individual programs. All of them completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the school year. Teacherof Physical Educationused theresults of the questionnaireandmedical reportto form groups and selection of functional tests. Bankof electronic educational materialson the subject ofPhysical Education(therapeutic physical training) was established tostudy the theory. This bankcontainedinformation aboutthe most commondiseasesamong students.A specialdatabase was created. It included exercises that where useful for the treatment of the most common diseases of the students. The base wasformed as aclassifiedset of physicalexercises, formedlocallyinthe textaccompanyingthe video sequence. Students made their own programs of exercise therapy and complexes exercises for themselves considering their interests and health. Girls performed their complexes in the variable part of physical training and by themself, kept a diary of self-control. Motivationin physicalcultureand students'knowledgewere assessedat the beginning andend ofthe school year.Studentsperformedfunctional tests at the endof each semester. The teacherintroduced students to thepersonal achievementsof eachand of the whole group. At the end of the year the increase of functional reserves and physical performance of all involved was marked.
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