编号 5 (2025)
General pedagogy, history of pedagogy and education
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CRIMEAN TEAM AT THE ALL-UNION SPARTAKIAD OF 1928
摘要
The purpose of the study is to examine the results of the performance of the Crimean team at the All-Union Spartakiad in 1928.
Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific-methodological literature, archival materials, and periodicals from the examined period.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that the low overall tenth place among the teams from the districts of the RSFSR was due to the lack of experience among Crimean athletes in participating in large competitions, as well as the weak level of personnel and material support for the physical culture sector in the republic. The commendable results in several disciplines (swimming, athletics, tennis, football) indicated a significant potential for the development of physical culture and sports in Crimea and were of great importance for this sector on the peninsula in the following years.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):5-12
5-12
THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INDICATORS OF BODY-MOTOR AND SCREEN-DIGITAL EXPERIENCE AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN AND STUDENTS
摘要
The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the life experiences of children and adolescents are significantly shifting towards prolonged engagement with various screens.
The purpose of the study is to ascertain the nature of the relationship between the indicators of body-motor experience and screen-digital experience among schoolchildren and students.
Research methods and organization: survey (questionnaire), dispersion analysis. A closed-type questionnaire was used, containing questions to which respondents provided responses characterizing their body-motor and screen-digital experiences on a 10-point scale (from 0 to 9 points). A total of 89 indicators were determined. The participants in the study included high school students from grades 9 to 11 and undergraduate students from the 2nd to 3rd years, as well as 1st-year master's students of SSUS.
Research results and conclusions. The conducted study demonstrated that over 70% of respondents spend more than 3 hours a day in front of various screens (computers, smartphones, etc.). The average age at which they began using electronic gadgets is approximately 9 years. Male participants statistically spend significantly more time playing computer games that are of a sports or aggressive nature. More than 40% of schoolchildren and students report experiencing unusual bodily sensations and altered states of consciousness. For this group of respondents, it is characteristic that their motor skills (endurance and agility), spatial orientation, and peripheral vision are less developed; their body-motor experiences in childhood contributed less to their self-understanding, and they spend more time on the computer.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):13-19
13-19
DETERMINATION OF DIRECTIONS FOR INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS' ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify the directions for enhancing the efficiency of physical education teachers in developing professional competencies among university students.
Research methods: literature review; surveying; mathematical processing of research results; information gathering.
Research results and conclusions. As a result of the study, directions for enhancing the effectiveness of physical education teachers have been identified, which will significantly improve the quality of the educational process and contribute to the formation of professional competencies among university students.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):20-27
20-27
Physical education and professional physical training
PROGRAM FOR FORMING PERCEPTIONS OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT AMONG OLDER PRESCHOOLERS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to enhance the process of Olympic education by utilizing an algorithm for the formation of knowledge about the Olympic movement among older preschool children.
Research methods and organization. Literature analysis on the selected topic; analysis of official documents; pedagogical experiments; pedagogical observations of the educational and upbringing process, as well as the play activities of older preschoolers and their parents aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the developed program; testing; and methods of mathematical statistics were employed. The developed program for forming notions about the Olympic movement among older preschoolers was tested at the Municipal Autonomous Preschool Educational Institution "Child Development Center," kindergarten No. 167 "Rodnichok" in Khabarovsk over a period of 8 months, from October 2023 to May 2024. The experimental program was built on a combination of various methods and forms of activities with children. It included: theoretical classes dedicated to Olympic themes; presentations on outstanding athletes; a 'virtual museum' that allows for an exploration of the history of the ancient Olympic Games; musical sessions that unveil the world of music and songs that resonated during home Olympiads; drawing classes to reinforce knowledge about the symbols of the Olympics; as well as video screenings demonstrating the grandeur of the Olympic Games; 'Olympic lessons' with the involvement of students from FESAPC, quizzes, physical education activities, and a theatrical celebration titled 'Mini Olympic Games.' All topics within the Olympic block were distributed across the months and included in the thematic plan.
Research results and conclusions. After conducting the experiment, a positive trend in the change of knowledge levels among older preschoolers regarding the Olympic movement was observed. Weak knowledge ('low level') was demonstrated by 5% of the children, 'average level' was identified in 35%, and 'high level' was found in 60% of preschoolers. The results obtained allow for a conclusion about the effectiveness of the implemented program, as evidenced by the significant increase in children's knowledge on the proposed topics, and it also heightened the interest of preschoolers and their parents in physical culture activities.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):28-35
28-35
ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS IN PREPARATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to assess the factors that primarily determine the motivation of students in secondary schools when preparing to meet the regulatory requirements of the "Ready for Labor and Defense" (GTO) program.
Research methods and organization. The basic method is a survey conducted with students of the 4th, 8th, and 10th grades of one of the schools in the Sverdlovsk region. The survey was conducted using two questionnaires. The first included questions related to assessing students' awareness of the general principles of the GTO complex (the purpose for which the complex was created, its target orientation; basic testing methodologies and physical qualities evaluated by them, etc.). The questions of the second questionnaire were related to studying students' knowledge of their own results and their compliance with the normative requirements of the GTO complex.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that the overwhelming majority of students, both in junior and senior classes, lack elementary knowledge regarding the intended purpose of the GTO complex, its content (test methodologies), and regulatory requirements. Most students are unable to relate their results to the regulatory standards, making it impossible to transfer externally set indicators into a personally meaningful context for the students. It is recommended, firstly, to enhance the theoretical and educational component in physical education classes aimed at acquiring knowledge about the content and structure of the GTO complex and its regulatory basis. Secondly, in the process of preparing students to meet the standards of the complex, conditions should be created that provide participants with regular information about the results achieved.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):36-41
36-41
ISSUES OF PHYSICAL CULTURE EDUCATION USING DISTANCE TECHNOLOGIES: ANALYSIS OF STRESS FACTORS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the stress factors that arise among students during the completion of academic assignments in the discipline of "Elective Courses in Physical Culture and Sports" in the context of distance learning.
Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research topic, observation, interviews, surveys, analysis, classification, and statistical processing of data. A survey of respondents was conducted using a questionnaire that included 17 stress factors related to distance learning in the subject "Elective Courses in Physical Culture and Sports."
Research results and conclusions. The study identified and analyzed stress factors associated with online physical education. Dominant factors with the greatest significance were analyzed: 1) "Physical fatigue, laziness, and drowsiness before completing a physical education assignment"; 2) "Household chores/care (cleaning, laundry, cooking, etc.)"; 3) "Technical malfunctions in the operation of Moodle." The results obtained allow for the identification of problematic areas affecting the effectiveness of the educational process in an online format, as well as outlining a direction for future research on the organization of physical education classes using distance educational resources.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):42-49
42-49
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF MODERN PENTATHLON IN THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION
摘要
The purpose of the study is to explore the current state and development prospects of modern pentathlon in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
Research methods: analysis of literary sources, documentary and archival materials, as well as Internet resources.
Research results and conclusions. The study examines the issues surrounding modern pentathlon, which is part of the Olympic program. Despite its status as a fundamental sport in the Nizhny Novgorod region and high achievements at the national level, there are certain challenges in the region that hinder its development. The findings from this research lead to the conclusion that an increase in funding for this sport in the region is necessary and may also be useful for the work of the analytical and anti-doping sector of the State Autonomous Institution "Sports Training Center".
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):50-56
50-56
THE ISSUE OF SUBJECTIVISM IN ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN PHYSICAL EXERCISES
摘要
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the necessity for the development of a methodology for evaluating and establishing normative requirements for physical exercises aimed at the development of the physical quality of strength.
Research methods: analysis and synthesis of regulatory documents and scientific-methodological literature, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results and conclusions. The aspects of subjectivism in the evaluation of physical exercises encountered by fitness professionals under the influence of external and internal factors have been identified. The pathways for minimizing subjectivism in assessing the physical fitness of military personnel have been revealed, along with suggestions for further developments.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):57-64
57-64
Theory and methodology of sports
THE DIRECTION OF THE CONTENT OF SUBJECT TRAINING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INDICATORS OF THE TEMPO-RHYTHMIC STRUCTURE OF THE HULA HOOP AROUND THE NECK
摘要
At the current stage of development in competitive rhythmic gymnastics routines, there is a problem of discrepancy between the character of the musical accompaniment and the handling of the apparatus, which hinders athletes from demonstrating coordinated work with the apparatus to the music and creating an artistic image. In this regard, it is relevant to study the tempo-rhythmic structure of the techniques for elements with apparatus, optimizing the process of mastering and reproducing movements to various types of musical accompaniment.
The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the indicators that determine the accuracy of reproducing the rhythmic pattern of music while performing a hoop rotation around the neck in rhythmic gymnastics.
Research methods and organization. The study employed a combination of methods: analysis of specialized literature and program documents, pedagogical testing, non-contact analysis of video sequences of movements, electromyography, and methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 12 highly qualified female athletes from the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health. A video recording of a 'hula hoop' around the neck was made with musical accompaniment from P.I. Tchaikovsky's children's album, while registering the electrical activity of the main muscle groups. Using the licensed software Adobe Premiere Pro, the musical accompaniment was synchronized with the video recording, and the deviations of the technical actions of the subject from the rhythm, as well as their kinematic characteristics, were determined. Correlation analysis revealed the main determinants of the quality of musical rhythm reproduction in the subject's movements.
Research results and conclusions. The obtained data allowed for the identification of the direction of the content of subject training, taking into account the established indicators of the tempo-rhythmic structure of the hoop rotation around the neck in rhythmic gymnastics.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):65-70
65-70
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-INTENSITY RUNNING INDICATORS OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN VARIOUS POSITIONS PARTICIPATING IN THE RUSSIAN YOUTH FOOTBALL LEAGUE
摘要
The purpose of the study is to compare the indicators: high-intensity accelerations and decelerations, maximum speed, running at a speed of 19.8-25 km/h and over 25 km/h among football players of various playing positions participating in the 2022-23 and 2023-24 seasons of the youth football league within the territory of the Russian Federation.
Research methods and organization. The study involved players from the youth team "Zenit," which is part of the youth football development department of FC "Zenit," St. Petersburg. The GPS technology Gpexe Pro2 system (Italy) was utilized. The following parameters were recorded: maximum speed (km/h), high-intensity accelerations (>2.5 m/s²), frequency; high-intensity decelerations (>2.5 m/s²); speed zone of 19.8–25.1 km/h, distance covered; speed zone ≥25.2 km/h, distance covered.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that football players who participated in the 2023-24 season have lower values in high-intensity running according to GPS metrics compared to players from the 2022-23 season. Coaches working with athletes in the training phase of sports improvement (ages 16-18) are advised to take into account and utilize the proposed competitive benchmarks when planning training sessions that focus on technical, conditioning, tactical, and combined aspects.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):71-79
71-79
METHOD OF INDIVIDUALIZATION OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING IN THE ALL-AROUND ON THE BASIS OF BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TECHNIQUE OF CERTAIN TYPES OF HEPTATHLON
摘要
The article presents a methodology for individualizing special physical training for multi-event athletes, developed based on the biomechanical characteristics of the 100-meter hurdle sprint, high jump, and long jump techniques.
The purpose of this study is to scientifically develop a methodology for individualizing special physical training for multi-event athletes based on the biomechanical characteristics of the 100-meter hurdle sprint, high jump, and long jump techniques.
Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, biomechanical analysis, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results and conclusions. Based on the conducted biomechanical analysis, it has been identified that multi-event athletes can be divided into two groups according to the rhythmic-temporal structure of the last three steps during their run-up. Based on the identified features of the technique, a methodology for individualizing special physical training in the athletic heptathlon has been developed.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):80-85
80-85
PREDICTORS OF THE CURRENT PSYCHOPHYSICAL READINESS FOR THE GAME OF STUDENT BASKETBALL TEAMS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify indicators that would have a significant impact on the organism, be energetically maximally demanding, while, on the other hand, not causing substantial shifts in the athlete's condition over an extended period.
Research methods and organization. Testing was conducted, which included movement in defense, a 20-meter run, shuttle run, and high jump. During the testing, the time taken to complete the tasks and heart rate (before the test, after its completion, and during four minutes of recovery) were recorded, and the pulse debt accumulation intensity index (PDAI) was calculated. After the testing, a regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between test results (completion time and load index based on heart rate dynamics) and points scored in the games.
Research results and conclusions. Indicators reflecting the current psychophysical readiness of basketball players on college teams for the game have been identified, without causing fatigue and ensuring high predictive characteristics. The heart rate (HR) of players during the performance of technical-tactical actions in the men's team within the framework of ASB Championship matches has been established. The dynamics of HR and the 'cost' of technical-tactical actions of basketball players have been analyzed both in defense and attack. The results of the regression analysis of the testing data demonstrated a correlation between the number of points scored and the time indicators for completing the tests, which can be utilized in the development of a predictive model for assessing the probability of success in the game. The obtained results underscore the importance of considering the game situation when planning the training process and assessing athletes' readiness for competitions. This study may serve as a foundation for further developments in the preparation of basketball players and enhancing their effectiveness on the court.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):86-91
86-91
RESEARCH ON THE STRENGTH AND SPEED COMPONENTS IN THE SPECIALIZED TRAINING OF WEIGHTLIFTERS AND ARM WRESTLERS OF VARIOUS QUALIFICATIONS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to determine the relative contribution of each component of specialized training in martial artists of different qualifications.
Research methods and organization. The study involved athletes aged 18-26, ranging from novices to masters of sport. The average group weight of weightlifters was 80.5 kg, while for arm wrestlers it was 75.5 kg. To determine the specific weight of each of the components of the special preparedness of martial artists of varying qualifications, an educational testing procedure was conducted. Three tests assessed the level of strength training of athletes with different qualifications. Each of the three tests was performed twice - with weights and without, from which a coefficient for the strength or speed component was calculated.
Research results and conclusions. The results of the study indicated that in weightlifters, as their sporting skill increases, the rate of growth of the strength component of the leg muscles prevails over the growth of the speed component of the arm muscles. In arm wrestlers, as their sporting skill increases, the rates of growth of the speed component of the arm muscles prevail over the growth of the strength component of the leg muscles.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):92-99
92-99
MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF WOMEN SPECIALIZING IN TRACK AND FIELD ALL-AROUND AND POLYATHLON
摘要
The purpose of the study is to examine the main morphometric characteristics and explore their relationship with sports results in the heptathlon and pentathlon based on the total points scored.
Research methods and organization. The athletes (Master of Sports of International Class, Master of Sports, Candidate for Master of Sports, and 1st category), with a sports experience ranging from 7 to 15 years, were examined, with an average age of 21 years. A unified anthropometric methodology adopted by the D.N. Anuchin Institute of Anthropology was employed. The primary components of body weight and size were recorded. Body weight components were calculated using the formulas of Czech researcher Matejka. Measurements were conducted during the competitive period, on the eve of the start in heptathlon or summer polyathlon. The result of each athlete (the total score attained) was also recorded. Conventional methods of variational statistics were used in processing the obtained data. The relationship between the characteristics was determined using pair correlation methods.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that women specializing in the heptathlon and pentathlon have a similar body length to high jumpers, long shins like hurdlers, long upper limbs comparable to javelin throwers, and body circumference measurements akin to the strongest athletic group among female athletes. An analysis of the relationship between athletic performance in combined events and body composition indicators revealed that these morphological traits are significantly correlated with the level of athletic performance and can serve as a valuable criterion for assessing the readiness of female athletes for competitions. It is recommended that multi-event athletes regularly undergo morphological assessments, monitor the effectiveness of their training sessions, and observe the dynamics of changes in body fat and muscle components throughout the macrocycle.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):100-107
100-107
ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING SKILLS IN THE USE OF OBJECTS IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE COORDINATION PROFILE OF EXERCISES
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify the challenges that arise in the development of object mastery skills in rhythmic gymnastics, taking into account the coordination structure of the exercises as observed in the training process.
Research methods and organization. A comprehensive set of methods was employed to achieve the objectives of the research: analysis of specialized literature and a survey in the form of questionnaires. The survey involved highly qualified specialists in rhythmic gymnastics from various cities in Russia.
Research results and conclusions. Despite the extensive material in scientific and methodological literature regarding rational and irrational techniques of object manipulation, as well as the physical qualities necessary for this fundamental skill, there is a lack of research aimed at optimizing and individualizing training based on an understanding of the role of various components of gymnasts' coordination preparedness. Analysis has shown that coaches do not have a clear understanding of the percentage ratios (or priorities) in developing different coordination abilities within the context of forming fundamental object manipulation skills. The need has been identified to study the coordination profile of exercises for each apparatus (hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon, jump rope), as each apparatus imposes specific requirements on certain types of coordination abilities. The obtained data allowed for the determination of the focus of coordination and technical object-related training content for young gymnasts, as well as the identification of the set of corrective exercises and methodological techniques for developing the fundamental object manipulation skills.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):108-115
108-115
ASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH STATUS OF FEMALE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN SPORTS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to examine the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among female students enrolled in full-time education at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health.
Research methods and organization. The survey involved a self-assessment by female students regarding the impact of sports activities on their health levels. The participants were female students, aged between 18 and 20 years, who actively engaged in sports, with athletic qualifications ranging from first adult category to Master of Sports. An author-developed questionnaire was used, and anthropometric measurements of the body were conducted.
Research results and conclusions. Sports activity generally has a positive effect on the overall health of female athletes. However, continuing training in a state of illness, disrupting dietary patterns, and facing difficulties in balancing studies and sports requires close attention to the development of a schedule for educational and training activities, to the adjustment of their content considering health status, and to motivating students to take responsibility for their own health. The results obtained will assist universities in addressing issues aimed at improving the health of young athletes and the population of the country as a whole.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):116-121
116-121
TEMPORAL INDICATORS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ATTACKS AS A RESULT OF ACTIVE PREPARATORY ACTIONS AND THE ASSESSMENT OF SENSORIMOTOR RESPONSES IN MATCHES AMONG QUALIFIED KARATE PRACTITIONERS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to determine the criteria for assessing the ability to apply active preparatory actions, for which an analysis of the temporal indicators of the performance of motor action components in the context of simulating a real competitive match among qualified karate practitioners will be conducted.
Research methods: testing using the electronic optical program "Coaches Eye," which allows for video recording and the creation of screenshots of any phase of combat action, featuring a scale that shows temporal changes at each moment of movement with an accuracy of up to hundredths of a second; methods of mathematical data processing.
Research results and conclusions. The conducted research allowed for the identification of criteria for evaluating the ability to apply active preparatory actions when simulating conditions of a real competitive match. An analysis of the time indicators of three types of combat interactions in sport karate has been carried out, enabling the assessment of the effectiveness of performing active preparatory actions based on the success of attacks executed by qualified karate practitioners. The obtained data serves as a benchmark for the development and implementation of methodologies aimed at enhancing active preparatory actions that precede the successful completion of various types of attacks in competitive bouts.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):122-129
122-129
ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSING CAPACITY OF THE BRAIN IN MARTIAL ATHLETES OF VARIOUS SPECIALIZATIONS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to determine the cognitive capacity indicators of the brain in martial athletes of various specializations.
Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, testing.
Research results and conclusions. The study revealed that the brain's processing capacity indicators differ among athletes specializing in various martial arts, which can be explained by the specific nature of competitive fighting.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):130-135
130-135
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF LEG PROPULSION DURING FORWARD SOMERSAULTS FROM A SOLID AND ELASTIC SUPPORT
摘要
The purpose of the study is to analyze the kinematics of the take-off phase when performing a forward somersault in a group setting, considering different types of support with varying elasticity.
Research methods and organization. The method of motion capture was employed using the three-dimensional hardware system 'Qualisys', which consists of 8 high-speed video cameras and 16 reflective markers placed on the joints of the left and right sides of the subjects' bodies. The study involved two masters of sports in Russia in artistic gymnastics, who performed 5 attempts of forward somersaults from a solid base and from a mini-trampoline.
Research results and conclusions. The significant differences identified in the kinematics of joint angular parameters and the rhythmic structure of the take-off phase demonstrate notable variations in the expression of speed-strength abilities when performing forward somersaults on different support surfaces. This, in turn, becomes a prerequisite for selecting training methods for athletes.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):136-144
136-144
DEFINITION OF THE LINEARITY AND ROBUSTNESS OF THE JUDGING SYSTEMS CURRENTLY EMPLOYED IN DANCE SPORT
摘要
The purpose of the study was to determine the linearity and robustness of contemporary judging systems in dance sport.
Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature were employed, along with pedagogical observation and methods of mathematical statistics. For the analysis, the results of competitions in the discipline of '10 dances' were used, as competitions in this discipline provide the most detailed statistics.
Research results and conclusions. The results showed that the 'Absolute Judging System' fully meets the requirements of linearity and robustness, which is confirmed by the high value of the approximation reliability coefficient R2 for the intermediate rounds both with final results and between the rounds themselves. The use of the 'for' and 'against' principle does not constitute a complete judging system, as it does not align with the principles of linearity and robustness, which renders it incapable of accurately ranking athletes in the intermediate rounds, as judges focus on pairs that they believe should advance further.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):145-152
145-152
PEDAGOGICAL METHOD OF INFLUENCING THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF HAMMER THROWERS THROUGH THE USE OF ELASTIC TRAINING EQUIPMENT
摘要
The purpose of the study is to investigate the potential for altering the physical fitness indicators of hammer throwers when performing rotational motor actions in training under conditions of vertical elastic connection (VEC).
Research methods and organization. High-speed spatial video cyclography, dynamography, pedagogical experiments, and methods of mathematical statistics were used. The research was conducted in China over a period of 4 months with hammer throwers predominantly of the 2nd sports category.
Research results and conclusions. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to achieve targeted changes in the physical fitness indicators of athletes, particularly in the preferential development of speed and speed-strength qualities in throwers, with a predominant increase in speed-strength indicators. In attempts to throw the hammer, shortly after training sessions involving vertical elastic connection, it was shown that the release speed of the hammer significantly increased, the angular velocity of the hammer's rotation increased, while the angle of release of the hammer remained unchanged.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):153-159
153-159
IDENTIFICATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF PAIRS IN ADULT CATEGORIES IN ACROBATIC ROCK AND ROLL BASED ON HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS AT AN EARLY AGE
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify the potential of pairs in the adult categories of acrobatic rock and roll based on the measurement of height at an early age.
Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at the Sports and Dance Club of Acrobatic Rock and Roll "Top Dance" in several stages. At the first stage, 6 pairs aged between 8 and 11 years were selected, and their height, weight, and chest circumference were measured. At the second stage, the growth forecast for this sample of athletes was calculated using three different growth calculators. This tool allows for predicting adult height based on the child's current height. At the third stage, the model characteristics of athletes of 'M-class' (developed by Terekhin V.S., Eustafyev D.A., Kalinin A.V.) were taken, and based on them, the prospects for the development of the studied pairs were calculated.
Research results and conclusions. It has been determined that 1-3 pairs out of six are potentially expected to have the required weight and height difference in the future. Three pairs potentially have low prospects in this composition in elite sports due to a small height difference. This assessment method has proven satisfactory at this stage of the research. The necessity of conducting such measurements on a larger sample and tracking athletes throughout their sports careers has been justified.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):160-164
160-164
THE INFLUENCE OF TRACK CURVATURE ON THE RUNNING STRIDE STRUCTURE OF A SPRINTER ATHLETE IN AN INDOOR ARENA
摘要
The specifics of sprinting on a curve in an athletic indoor track not only determine the differences in the implementation of motor programs over this segment of the distance but also affect the overall effectiveness of the athlete's competitive performance. This factor indicates the necessity for its study and consideration in the adjustment of the training process content.
The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of the influence of track curvature on the structure of the running stride of a sprint athlete in indoor conditions.
Research methods and organization. In the course of the research, the following methods were employed: analysis of scientific and methodological literature; surveys; retrospective analysis of sprinting performance; optical registration of technique parameters (linear modular system "OptoJump Next"); surface electromyography; tensiometry; and methods of mathematical statistics. The biomechanical study, conducted at the sports complex "Athletics Arena" in St. Petersburg, involved highly qualified sprinter athletes aged 20-22.
Research results and conclusions. The study specified the biomechanical characteristics that predetermine the direction of improving the technique of sprinting on curves across various tracks in an athletic indoor arena.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):165-172
165-172
ACTUALIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF TRAINING REFEREES IN FENCING BASED ON A MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER COMPLEX
摘要
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimedia computer complex in the training process of fencing judges at the initial training stage.
Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing.
Research results and conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated the effectiveness of using a multimedia computer complex. The foundation for training fencing judges at the initial education stage consists of knowledge of competition rules, with a qualitative assessment of the most complex moments of bouts and the simulation of practical actions in the form of 'virtual judging'.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):173-180
173-180
INTERVAL TRAINING METHOD FOR DEVELOPING SPECIAL ENDURANCE IN ORIENTEERING ATHLETES AGED 13 TO 16 YEARS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to develop a program of interval training on sandy surfaces in the conditions of a rugged terrain course to enhance the level of special endurance among athletes in orienteering aged 13-16 years.
Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, surveys, pedagogical experiments, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results and conclusions. The insufficient volume of work on the development of special endurance in the training process of orientation athletes affects the effectiveness of the athletes' performances. The application of interval training on a rugged terrain with a sandy surface for orientation athletes aged 13-16 has proven effective in increasing the level of special endurance development and improving performance in the 1000-meter run and in the control distance (competition course).
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):181-187
181-187
Wellness and adaptive physical education
THE INFLUENCE OF INDEPENDENT PHYSICAL EDUCATION WORK USING AEROBIC EXERCISE ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE
摘要
The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of independent physical education work utilizing aerobic exercise in enhancing the performance of students.
Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical experiment, and mathematical statistics methods were employed. The developed methodology was tested in the educational process of first-year students in full-time study at the SUAI.
Research results and conclusions. It has been experimentally proven that the organization of independent work in physical education using aerobic exercise increases students' performance. It has been noted that daily moderate-intensity aerobic exercise positively affects the functioning of the cardiorespiratory system, which is a primary indicator of physical performance, and helps to compensate for a lack of physical activity, as evidenced by the results of the study.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):188-194
188-194
THE PROGRAM "DANCING FOR HEALTH" BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF DANCE THERAPY TECHNOLOGY IN ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL CULTURE FOR STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
摘要
The complexities of organizing sensorimotor coordination in learners with autism spectrum disorders, caused by the underdevelopment of fine differentiated movements and the disruption of coordination in complexly organized motor acts, necessitate the search for and introduction of technologies from adaptive physical culture into the educational process. These technologies are organized based on a complex of improvisational exercises used in dance therapy. To develop and overcome the challenges associated with the formation of the communicative-cognitive sphere in learners with autism spectrum disorders, a complex of improvisational exercises and adaptive physical culture is employed, which can be utilized in various dance combinations with students with ASD.
The purpose of the study is to develop and implement the program "Dancing for Health" based on the integration of dance therapy technology into the adaptive physical culture for students with autism spectrum disorders.
Research methods and organization. An analysis of scientific and methodological literature was employed, along with a pedagogical experiment. The work on integrating sports and health-related extracurricular activities with the psychological service at the center was organized experimentally, which included the program "Dancing for Health".
Research results and conclusions. The developed program "Dancing for Health" has been tested in the educational process with students aged 10-18 years who have autism spectrum disorders at the State Budgetary Educational Institution School No. 755 "Regional Autism Center" in the Vasileostrovsky district of St. Petersburg. It has been proven that the regular conduct of classes under the "Dancing for Health" program not only contributes to the formation of coordination of complex motor acts based on a set of improvisation exercises used in dance therapy technology in adaptive physical culture, but also creates favorable conditions for the development of the elementary communicative-emotional sphere and imagination among students with autism spectrum disorders at various levels of intellectual development.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):195-201
195-201
IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS LEVEL OF FEMALE STUDENTS IN THE MAIN HEALTH GROUP BASED ON THE METHODS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND WELLNESS TECHNOLOGIES: PARTNER YOGA
摘要
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of partner yoga practices and their impact on the physical fitness level of second-year female students in the main health group.
Research methods and organization. An analysis of scientific and methodological literature dedicated to the study of the effects of yoga on practitioners was conducted, along with a pedagogical experiment and methods of mathematical statistics. The identified yoga techniques in pairs were tested on second-year female students of the main health group at KubSAU.
Research results and conclusions. The obtained results indicate the advantages of practicing yoga in pairs compared to solo yoga sessions, which allows for the conclusion regarding the feasibility of incorporating partner exercises into the educational process of the discipline 'Elective Courses in Physical Culture and Sports: Fitness'.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):202-208
202-208
FEATURES OF THE RECOVERY OF THE UPPER LIMB IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CONSEQUENCES OF ACUTE CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify the key features that determine the completeness of upper extremity rehabilitation for its use in daily living conditions among individuals with the consequences of acute cerebrovascular accidents.
Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, analysis of medical records, pedagogical experiment, testing, and methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results and conclusions. The recovery of the upper limb and its use in daily life depends on the level of motor control following a stroke, the manifestation of spastic syndrome, and other post-stroke complications. The formulated characteristics will enable specialists to provide prognoses for the recovery of the upper limb, which will significantly influence the formulation of rehabilitation goals and determine the rehabilitation strategy.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):209-214
209-214
THE DYNAMICS OF APPENDICULAR MUSCLE MASS AFTER STRENGTH TRAINING WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
摘要
The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of blood flow restriction strength training on the indicators of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, randomized controlled trial based on CONSORT guidelines and in accordance with the TIDieR checklist, assessment of anthropometry, biochemical blood analysis, bioimpedance measurement, methods of statistical processing.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that low-intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction, as well as high-intensity strength training, contributes to an increase in appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men with metabolic syndrome.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):215-222
215-222
INDIVIDUALIZATION OF GROUP PHYSICAL EXERCISE CLASSES FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
摘要
The purpose of the study is to determine the mechanism for individualizing group activities for children with autism spectrum disorders and mild intellectual disability within the framework of a general education organization.
Research methods: analysis and synthesis of data from scientific literature, regulatory and legal documents in the field of education.
Research results and conclusions. Factors have been identified that allow for the individualization of the educational process for children with autism spectrum disorders and mild intellectual disabilities within the framework of a general education organization. A methodology for adaptive physical education has been developed, ensuring the implementation of the principle of awareness and activity through the individualization of the content of physical education lessons, physical activity breaks, and homework in video format.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):223-228
223-228
FEATURES OF PHYSICAL CONDITION AND PSYCHOMOTOR ABILITIES IN SITTING VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify the features of physical condition and psychomotor abilities in sitting volleyball players.
Research methods and organization. The study involved 9 men engaged in sitting volleyball, with an average age of 36.3±8.4 years. To assess their physical condition, the hardware-software complex "Omega.Sport" was used, which allowed for the determination of the following parameters: level of adaptation to physical loads, physical fitness, energy supply, psycho-emotional state, and athletic form. The "NS-Psychotest" system was used to study psychomotor abilities, through which sensory-motor functions such as attention and reaction speed were evaluated, which are crucial for the successful execution of game actions.
Research results and conclusions. The obtained data indicated that the level of adaptation to physical loads was 61.1±32.0%, the level of training was 66.9±30.1%, and the level of energy supply was 56.6±25.8%. The psycho-emotional state averaged 57.8±24.9%, which highlights the need to focus on this aspect within the training process. It was also established that psychomotor indicators, such as reaction to a moving object, reaction time, and volumetric attention, are at an average level, with a notable high variability of data among athletes. The results of the study demonstrate that physical condition and psychomotor abilities are crucial for achieving high performance in sitting volleyball players. The high variability of indicators among athletes confirms the necessity of an individualized approach in the training process to enhance the effectiveness of sports training.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):229-234
229-234
Methodology and technology of vocational education
THE PROGRAM OF MILITARY-PHYSICAL TRAINING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KUBAN UNDER MODERN SOCIO-HISTORICAL CONDITIONS
摘要
In modern Russian higher education, the importance of military-physical training for student youth is increasing. There remains a need for the preparation and practical implementation of relevant innovations.
Research methods and organization. The article is based on the results of the scientific and creative activities of second-year undergraduate students in full-time study in the field of "Management" at the Krasnodar branch of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanov, Kovalenco D.S. and Didenyev I.I., who carried out a number of research procedures (collection and processing of scientific-theoretical and regulatory materials, as well as data from sociological surveys, and conducting testing procedures for motor abilities) under the scientific supervision of the author of this publication. The research was conducted in 2024. It included: the collection of theoretical materials and analysis of empirical data; the development of a military-physical training program for university students; a sociological survey; pedagogical observation and experimentation; and testing of physical fitness.
Research results. The latest data has been received regarding the formation and development of military-applied skills among university students in Kuban. A comprehensive elective author's program has been proposed for first- and second-year undergraduate students at a humanitarian university (Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Krasnodar branch), and its effectiveness has been experimentally proven. A statistically significant increase in the targeted indicators has been established among the students of the experimental groups.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):235-244
235-244
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF EMPLOYEES IN THE TERRITORIAL BODIES OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA
摘要
The purpose of the study is to theoretically and empirically justify the effectiveness of the combined use of special applied obstacle courses and practical tasks related to solving problems involving the application of physical strength during final physical training sessions, as an effective tool for monitoring and diagnosing the level of physical fitness of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.
Research methods and organization. A variety of tools has been utilized, presented both by general scientific and specific scientific methods. Among the general scientific methods, formal-logical methods have been employed (analysis and generalization of scientific sources in the field of physical education and the organization of physical training), as well as systemic, structural, and comparative methods (comparison and systematization of teaching methods). Specific scientific methods include concrete sociological methods (surveys, interviews) and pedagogical research methods (pedagogical experiments).
Research results and conclusions. The obtained data confirm the effectiveness of using complex control exercises in physical training, which involve traversing specialized applied obstacle courses while solving practical tasks related to the execution of combat grappling techniques. This is set in the context of reliable diagnostics for the police personnel being assessed, regarding their level of motor skill development and the formation of professional competence for the potential application of physical force in possible scenarios of operational-service activities.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):245-252
245-252
DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH COMPETENCIES AS A TREND IN TRAINING FUTURE ENGINEERS IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
摘要
The purpose of the study is to identify the conditions for the development of research competencies in future engineers through the development of innovative forms of interaction with students in the information space.
Research methods and organization. Theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the research topic has been utilized, along with an analysis of the activities of the Student Scientific Society of the institute, and pedagogical observation of the subjects involved in the educational process in the development of research competencies of future transport engineers through their engagement in project activities. Statistical methods of analyzing the results have been employed. The role of the Student Scientific Society in the university is considered as an effective means of involving students in research and project activities.
Research results and conclusions. The conditions for the development of research competencies among future engineers have been formulated. The experience of the Student Scientific Society in implementing youth initiatives in the scientific field has been presented: advantages, issues, and solutions. The dynamics of scientometric indicators of student science at the Orenburg State Transport Institute have been analyzed.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):253-259
253-259
EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MASTER'S PROGRAM IN THE FIELD OF "PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH HEALTH DEVIATIONS"
摘要
The article analyzes the experience of training master's students in the field of 'Physical Education for Individuals with Health Deviations (Adaptive Physical Culture)'. It demonstrates that the organized work of the Department of Health-Improving Physical Culture and Adaptive Sports, which includes a specially developed plan of activities, allows for the achievement of the set objectives in the education of master's students.
The purpose of the study was to identify the issues that are the underlying causes of the main difficulties in ensuring a high level of education in the master's program in the field of 49.04.02
Research methods and organization. The analysis of academic performance and attendance at classes was applied, along with a survey method. A total of 40 individuals were surveyed, including graduates and students in the master's program in the field of training 49.04.02 at the Department of Health-Improving Physical Culture and Adaptive Sports of the Institute of Physical Culture and Sports of the Herzen State Pedagogical University.
Research results and conclusions. A survey of master's students indicates that most applicants who entered the master's program in the field of 49.04.02 do not understand the specifics of physical education and sports work with individuals with disabilities. Online exams do not allow for the selection of applicants capable of mastering the master's program at the required level. The low level of readiness and motivation for research activities among master's students, along with an inadequate assessment of their abilities to conduct scientific inquiry, are the main reasons for the challenges in ensuring a high level of education in the master's program in the field of 49.04.02. In this regard, there is a need for the government to pay close attention to the identified issues affecting the quality of training for master's students.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):260-268
260-268
General psychology, personality psychology, history of psychology
THE EMOTIONAL STATE AND ADAPTATION FEATURES OF THE WIVES OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION
摘要
The purpose of the study is to examine the emotional state and adaptation features of the wives of the participants of the Special Military Operation.
Research methods and organization. The study was conducted on the basis of the state fund "Defenders of the Fatherland." The sample consisted of 43 women whose husbands are active participants in the Special Military Operation: professional military personnel, mobilized individuals, or volunteers. The average age of the women was 33.4 ± 7.7 years. The average duration of marriage was 7.3 ± 5.1 years. The research was carried out using a testing method.
Research results and conclusions. Women whose husbands are not professional military personnel exhibit a significantly higher level of situational anxiety compared to the wives of military personnel. The structure of situational anxiety is characterized by emotional discomfort, phobic components, anxious assessments of prospects, and a need for social protection. The level of socio-psychological adaptation among all women is rated as average; however, those whose husbands are volunteers or mobilized present a higher level of emotional discomfort. Women who are more balanced and possess adequate self-esteem demonstrate higher indices of psychological adaptation, whereas insecure and emotionally unstable women are at risk of maladaptation.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):269-275
269-275
APPROBATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE SUBJECTIVE NECESSITY OF BODY CHANGE AMONG ATHLETES IN TECHNICAL AND AESTHETIC SPORTS
摘要
The purpose of the study is to develop and test a questionnaire assessing the subjective need for body changes among female athletes. According to the results of mathematical processing, the questionnaire structure includes scales for 'Subjective Need for Body Change', 'Experience of Negative Evaluations from Peers', and 'Body Correction and Measurement Control'.
Research methods and organization. The study sample consisted of 197 female athletes from technical-aesthetic sports, with an average age of 19.8 years. The psychodiagnostic battery included a questionnaire on the subjective need for body change, BISS, BIQLI, and RSES.
Research results and conclusions. Low body image satisfaction among female athletes in technical-aesthetic sports is correlated with experiences of negative evaluations of their appearance and body from peers, as well as with a decrease in self-esteem. The results of the piloting confirmed the mathematical justification of the proposed questionnaire structure, its validity, internal consistency, and reliability.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):276-283
276-283
Educational psychology, psychodiagnostics of digital educational environments
THE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF SPECIALIZED STATUS OF A SCHOOL CLASS ON THE WELL-BEING OF STUDENTS (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE YUNARMIYA MOVEMENT)
摘要
The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of the specialized status of a school class (using the example of the Yunarmiya movement) on the psychological well-being of students.
Research methods and organization. The questionnaire developed by Bochaev, Korneev, and Khlomov was used to assess subjective insecurity, antisocial behavior, and the well-being of students at school. The study involved 30 students, evenly distributed between the Yunarmiya and regular classes.
Research results and conclusions. It has been established that students in the Yunarmiya class exhibit a lower level of antisocial behavior, but a higher level of perceived insecurity. Simultaneously, the level of school well-being has proven to be identical for both groups. The specialized status of the class may have both positive and negative effects on the psychological well-being of the students. An increased focus on discipline in specialized classes does not always contribute to their perceived safety.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):284-291
284-291
THE SUCCESS AND CONFLICTOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF AN EDUCATOR, AND THEIR INTERRELATION
摘要
In the modern educational process, the issue of conflictological competencies among educators is of great significance. The key quality of a new type of educator is professional competence, readiness for innovative activities, and the ability to act swiftly and productively in the rapidly changing conditions of the educational system.
The purpose of the study is to identify the conflictological competencies of general education school teachers in the city of Moscow as one of the factors contributing to the success of educators.
Research methods and organization. The study was conducted based on an average general education school in Moscow using empirical methods (psychological testing and expert surveys) and mathematical statistics methods.
Research results and conclusions. A correlation has been identified between conflictological competence and the success of educators in their professional activities. In particular, educators with a high level of conflictological competence are characterized by a high level of success and vice versa. Furthermore, the conflictological competence of a teacher is manifested not only in conflict prevention but also in managing conflicts for pedagogical purposes.
Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2025;(5):292-298
292-298