Vol 21, No 4 (2024)
Theory and methodology of education
Pedagogical technologies for working with gifted students
Abstract
Creating conditions that ensure the identification of gifted children with the subsequent development and realization of their potential is one of the priorities in modern educational conditions. The difficulty of solving these problems is largely due to the lack of uniform methods for identifying giftedness, as well as difficulties in organizing the educational process for such children. The pedagogical community agrees that the peculiarities of the intellectual development of talented students make it necessary to reach a qualitatively different level of teaching, which involves not just the assimilation of information, but the manifestation of the intellectual initiative of students. The emphasis in the professional activity of a teacher when working with such students shifts: here it is necessary not to impart knowledge, but to organize educational activities in a new way. We are talking about the transition from the organization of the traditional educational process to the design of a new educational environment for such a student, in which it will be possible to build an individual educational trajectory. The purpose of such teaching is to provide favorable conditions for the development and improvement of the types of gifts inherent in these students. The paper describes the experience of introducing a number of pedagogical technologies into the educational process, which are based on the basic principles and strategies for teaching gifted children. This was aimed at organizing the educational activities of students with signs of giftedness, taking into account their individual characteristics and made it possible to provide a personal pace of learning and, in part, an individual trajectory for students with signs of academic (mathematical) giftedness. A comparative analysis of the training results of two focus groups showed the effectiveness of using such technologies.
5-22
Tegalnese accent and English consonant sounds: paraphrased exploration and understanding of interference
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze Tegalnese accent interference in students’ pronouncing English consonant sounds, to determine the most difficult English consonant sounds for Tegalnese students to pronounce, and to identify the factors that caused strong accent in students’ pronouncing English consonant sounds. Qualitative descriptive method was used by the researchers. The participants of this research were 20 fourth-semester students majoring in the English education program at Universitas Pancasakti Tegal in the academic year 2023/2024. The pronunciation test, questionnaire and interview were used to collect the data. The pronunciation test of 24-consonant was carried out through a record player. The questionnaire on a 12-item Likert scale is based on 3 categories. While the interview was conducted through 5 open-ended questions. The results showed that Tegalnese students of English Education encountered difficulties in pronouncing 4 consonant sounds /δ, d, t, v/. Three characteristics have been identified as limiting Tegalnese students’ capacity to learn English pronunciation: exposure, motivation, and indirect communication of a high context culture. It is challenging to exclude the Tegalnese accent of «ngapak» from the pronunciation of the English consonants, and the five consonants are interfered with the Tegalnese accent, namely the consonants; /b/, /d/, /g/, /dʒ/, and /ð/. In short, Tegalnese accent continues to hinder students’ ability to appropriately pronounce English consonants. English teachers are suggested to utilize several pedagogical strategies for overcoming interference to avoid the inaccurate pronounciation.
23-36
Youth technical competitions as an element of the career guidance system
Abstract
The issues of professional choice in favor of a technical specialty are acute in the current situation with the Russian economy. This paper presents a scientific study aimed at identifying an element of the career guidance system – youth technical competitions. Consideration of the issue of vocational guidance of schoolchildren through technical competitions was carried out using methods of theoretical analysis of pedagogical literature, methodological experience of competitive work with young people and analysis of relevant competitive events over the past year. During the study of the problem, issues related to the career choice of students in favor of technical specialties are identified and arguments are given for the effectiveness of youth participation in professional skill competitions in order to choose technical specialties. An analysis of the experience of work on youth orientation shows successful interaction with vocational schools, universities and enterprises through technical competitions.
37-50
Modern textbook in the eyes of students: pros and cons
Abstract
The relevance of the research is explained by the need to create an English language textbook for undergraduates of the university of economics. The paper is based on the results of an experiment to study the views of non-linguistic university students about a basic English textbook. The paper analyzes the problems on the necessity to study the effectiveness of a textbook, taking into account students’ own vision. The requirements for a modern language textbook in a non-linguistic university are considered due to the changes in the course duration (3–4 semesters), the number of hours of classroom and independent work. The main goal of the study is to identify the motives of modern students in learning a foreign language, their interest and motivation to use a basic English textbook. Some parts of the questionnaire are presented, on the basis of which the entire range of student opinions about the structure, content, selection and effectiveness of exercises and assignments in the textbook was studied. Methods for conducting research to collect information from respondents – 1st and 2nd year students – are described. The result analysis of a group survey of students and individual conversations with them is given. Conclusions are made on possible approaches to creating an optimal textbook that serves as a means of solving methodological problems. Recommendations are given for text, tasks and exercises selection complying with the new opportunities provided by modern science and technology. The material in the paper is for teachers, postgraduates and anyone who is interested in issues of foreign language education in a modern non-linguistic university.
51-66
Theory of pedagogy
Process model of socialization of primary schoolchildren in a culture-like environment of a general educational organization
Abstract
The study presents theoretical and methodological grounds that actualize the development of a process model of socialization of younger students in a culture-like environment of a general educational organization. The risks of the implementation of modern socialization of primary school children in the framework of the socio-cultural transformation of society have been identified. A process model of socialization of younger students in the culture-like environment of a general education organization has been developed in order to minimize the risks of the life of the younger generation, their productive development of the cultural heritage of Russian society, and the acquisition of positive social experience. The target block of the model is described within the framework of the ideal, deliberately planned result of the systematic organization of research in relation to the socialization of younger students using the pedagogical capabilities of the cultural environment of the school within the framework of the state order formulated in the GEF LEO and the social needs of Russian society. The methodological block of the model meaningfully reveals the leading methodological approaches (environmental, activity) and principles (axiology, cultural, cooperation, sociality, success and social significance), which represent the indicative basis for the purposefulness of the subjects’ pedagogical activities to improve various aspects of the phenomenon studied. The content block of the model is designed to affect all aspects of the studied process (content, methodology, control and management, assessment parameters), taking into account the implementation of the stages (indicative, informative, activating) of socialization of primary schoolchildren, each of which selects directions and forms of an expedient combination of software, methodological and resource support, organizational and pedagogical conditions that determine the effectiveness of achieving and quality of socialization of primary school children. The resulting block of the model describes the axiological, cognitive, behavioral components of socialization of younger students; presents cognitive, motivational, activity criteria that make it possible to track the expected positive level dynamics of socialization of primary school children from low to middle and high levels.
67-80
Keywords in the formation of the categorial apparatus of social education
Abstract
The potential of keywords as a material for analysis in scientific research is not given. A keyword is a marker of any scientific article. It has certain functions. A special technique is used for its formation. The purpose of the study is to identify aspects of using scientific concepts and the categorical apparatus of social upbringing in scientific and pedagogical publications using keywords as an example. The study describes scientific concepts as a form of scientific and pedagogical knowledge. The relationship between scientific concepts and the systematics of pedagogical terminology is provided. The main properties of scientific concepts are described. The main approaches to the systematics of the terminological apparatus of pedagogy in modern research are presented. The classification features of pedagogy categories are summarized. To solve the tasks, a study of keywords from scientific articles on social upbringing posted in the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU for the period from 2019 to 2023 was organized. 49 articles were selected and subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Initially, 313 keywords were identified. Repeats were removed and 228 words were analyzed. These keywords were differentiated by branches of scientific knowledge. It turned out that scientific articles refer to pedagogical (95), philosophical (48), sociological (26), psychological (15) terms. The remaining 44 terms were attributed to other scientific fields of knowledge. From the pedagogical terms, a selection of terms related to the field of social upbringing was made. The selected terms were compared with the terms used in dissertations devoted to social upbringing. In scientific articles, a narrowing of the terminological field from 36 to 25 terms was found, including terms denoting negative phenomena in upbringing.
81-96
Genesis of patriotic education in domestic theory and practice of education
Abstract
The paper presents the genesis of patriotic education in the domestic theory and practice of education. It is substantiated that in modern geopolitical realities the importance of patriotic education is increasing. Patriotism is considered as a national idea, which acts as a powerful value-semantic foundation of educational systems. The main functions of patriotism (integrating, guiding, stabilizing, educational) are highlighted. In the study, based on substantiated criteria (dominant educational values, directions of educational policy in the field of education, foreign policy conditions in which the state finds itself), six stages in the development of patriotic education in the domestic theory and practice of education are defined: 1) IX–XVII centuries – original-soil; 2) state-Western stage, embracing the 18th century; 3) national-protective stage (19th century – 1917); 4) state-ideological stage (1917–1991); 5) the liberal-Western stage (1991 – February 2022); 6) the national-restorative stage (from February 2022 – present). Based on the analysis of educational practices in educational institutions in the organization of patriotic education, several directions, as well as a number of problem areas, have been identified. In the structure of patriotic values, we will highlight the following groups of values: knowledge values; feelings values; motivator values; regulator values.
97-110
Pedagogical possibilities of the university cultural environment in the development of Russian civic identity of students
Abstract
The research actualized the problem of finding new ways to develop Russian civic identity of students using the pedagogical capabilities of the university cultural environment. The analysis of the main regulatory documents determining the priority of the development of Russian civil identity of students in the higher education system is presented. The author’s interpretation of the concepts «university cultural environment» and «Russian civic identity of university students» is given, their main substantive characteristics are reflected. The main provisions defining the classification of the pedagogical capabilities of the university cultural environment in the development of Russian civic identity of young people are described. In the proposed classification, the deontological pedagogical possibilities of the university cultural environment set guidelines for searching and finding by students the personal meanings of preserving the Russian cultural dominance with an ideological support for strengthening national unity based on the unifying role of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. The informational pedagogical capabilities of the university cultural environment determine the expansion of ideas about the development of attitudes towards the identification of young people with the community of citizens of our country, as well as the launch of mechanisms to counter the destructive influences of social networks that implant worldview attitudes alien to us within the framework of distorted information and propaganda strategies. The stabilizing pedagogical possibilities of the cultural environment of the university ensure the enrichment of the experience of creative civic action and the finding by students of the variable spheres of self-realization and self-affirmation, initiating civil expression in the exercise of civil rights and obligations, with meaningful involvement in participation in the socio-political life of the country, taking into account the trends of the past - the present and future development of Russian society, enhancing skills for timely and effective response to new challenges and threats, preserving, strengthening and continuously raising its own level of Russian civic identity.
111-124
Higher school education
Students’ adaptation to future professional engineering activity
Abstract
The central idea of the research is the concept of «adaptation of students’ adaptation to professional engineering activity during various historical periods and the possible development of this concept in the educational space. The aim of the study is to clarify the concept of students’ adaptation to future professional engineering activity in post-industrial society. The authors trace the historical aspect of the development and analyze the concept in question over different historical periods, including the present time. Using a comprehensive analysis, the authors examine various aspects of the contemporary understanding of professional adaptation, namely cognitive, activity-based, socio-psychological, moral, and psychophysiological ones, and develop a concept structure of students’ adaptation professional activity. Attention is drawn to the importance of adaptability development and the necessity of designing a relevant model for this development is justified.
125-136
Cartoons as a tool for developing speaking skills among students of non-linguistic specialties
Abstract
The search for innovative and effective tools for developing speaking skills in students of non-linguistic universities leads teachers to use authentic audiovisual materials, including cartoons, in foreign language classes. The choice of a particular cartoon for work is determined primarily by the main goal and objectives of training for a specific stage/lesson, as well as the level of knowledge of students. To prove the effectiveness of a cartoon as a tool for developing speaking skills, we organized and conducted an experimental training in two groups of second-year students of the Higher Biotechnology School of Samara State Technical University. In the experimental group, English classes were held using a set of exercises to develop speaking skills based on the cartoon Shark Tale, 2004, in the control group – using traditional exercises from the main textbook for bachelor students of Samara State Technical University studying in the areas of «Biotechnology» and «Technology of food production and organization of public catering». The results of the experiment showed that the level of development of speaking skills in the experimental group was higher in absolute (average score) and relative (dynamics of changes) dimensions than in the control group, which convincingly demonstrates the need for further active search and use by the teacher in the classroom of new relevant teaching tools that make the process of learning a foreign language effective and interesting for both non-linguistic students and for the teachers themselves.
137-150
Developmental psychology
Personality-typological features of financial behavior of young people
Abstract
One of the forms of human interaction with other subjects is financial relations. The results of the latter may differ in the degree of rationality of the decisions taken. In this regard, the question arises about the influence of personality and typological characteristics of subjects of different age groups on financial behavior in general and financial decisions in particular. The aim of the study was an identification of psychological factors influencing the financial behavior of young people. The material was obtained during the survey of respondents-students of an economic university studying in the 2nd–4th year of bachelor’s and specialist degree courses (the average age of the respondents is 20 years). The total sample size is 230 people, of which 135 people are girls, 95 people are boys. The survey included several stages and assumed an assessment of the impact on the financial behavior of young people of such personal characteristics as extroversion, neuroticism, rationality, conscientiousness, a tendency to cooperate and interact when making financial decisions, value orientations. To identify these qualities and determine the degree of their relationship with the rational financial decisions made, a questionnaire was prepared that includes both factual questions (allows you to identify the rationality of financial decisions) and questions that allow you to identify the personal characteristics of the survey participants. To identify personal characteristics, questionnaires of constructive thinking, Sh. Schwartz, the «Big Five», G. Eysenck, M. Seligman, M. Lusher color test were used. The conducted research makes it possible to identify psychological patterns of financial behavior of the object of study (youth aged 18–22 years) and to propose directions for analyzing psychological factors of rational financial behavior both for this and for other age groups. The analysis showed the presence of the influence of most of the considered personal characteristics on the rationality of financial behavior. The high correlation of the rationality of financial behavior with such features as value characteristics, emotional stability and extroversion. The interrelations of personal characteristics of young people with the level of rationality of their financial behavior are revealed.
151-164
Educational psychology
Mental states of a university teacher as a predictor of innovative resistance
Abstract
In the context of socio-economic transformations, the need for psychological and pedagogical support of the professional activities of a university teacher is becoming more urgent in order to overcome psychotraumatic events that determine emotional stress in conditions of high intensity of pedagogical work. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the indicators of the psychological state and the level of pedagogical conservatism of a university teacher. The respondents of the study were 1,754 university teachers from Samara, Ulyanovsk, Yekaterinburg, Bashkortostan aged 25 to 65 years, of which 70 % were women, 30 % were men with teaching experience from 10 to 40 years (average age M = 42,3; SD = 8,7). A correlation relationship was found between the indicators of pedagogical conservatism and the psychological state of a university teacher. Factors (asthenic states, professional failure, professional stagnation) contributing to the emergence of pedagogical conservatism were discovered. A linear relationship was established between the indicators of psychological state and the level of pedagogical conservatism of a university teacher. A statistically significant Cohen’s d-coefficient of indicators (gender, age, length of service, anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity) for the levels of pedagogical conservatism was revealed. The results of the empirical study can be used in the process of psychological support of the professional activities of a university teacher to develop a program for the prevention of negative mental states as a condition for overcoming pedagogical conservatism.
165-179