Том 510, № 1 (2023)

The review characterizes the role of the main targets of antibacterial agents: “efflux pumps”; enzymes (DNA-hyruases as a subclass of topoisomerases, homoserine transacetylase, various classes of sorbitases, aromatics, lipoteichoyl synthase, polyketide synthase, pantothenate synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, sensory histidine kinase, kinase, cyclooxygenase, etc.); penicillin-binding protein; quorum signaling and adhesin systems in important biochemical processes of pathogen maintenance and virulence manifestation. The possibility of manifestation of antimicrobial effect by the substance upon its binding to the protein molecules responsible for pathogenicity of a microorganism was shown. The role of quinazolinone derivatives exhibiting high reactivity, stability in chemical processes and characterized by a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity including antimicrobial activity with respect to various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined. It has been shown that changes in the compound structure through the introduction of different substituents modify the degree of hydrophilicity and, as a result, determine a different degree of drug penetration through the cell membrane; the ability to form intermediate complex compounds stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals and stacking interactions with enzymatic targets as well as receptor-regulator proteins and signaling systems of pathogen cells. The results on prediction of the mechanism of action of the compounds synthesized by the authors of the article by methods of mathematical modeling are presented. The possibility of creating combined structures based on the quinazolinone core with various heterocyclic derivatives as a product with a pronounced antimicrobial activity is assessed. The considered regularities are of practical importance for the specialists in the field of medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, biotechnology, clinical pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry and technology whose efforts are aimed at obtaining a new drug substance.

Dipinodiazafluorenes are hybrid nopinane-annelated heterocycles whose molecules include a heterocyclic core of 4,5-diazafluorene condensed with fragments of terpene hydrocarbon, capable of selectively extracting palladium (88−100%), gold (42−96%) and ruthenium (8−19%) by single extraction from acidic aqueous solutions (pH 1.2) containing complex mixtures of 3d-elements and precious metals.

Bubbles are present in a large variety of emerging applications, from advanced nanomaterials to solar geoengineering (global warming inhibition) and biomedicine (drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier). IMET RAS is developing the conceptually new diffusion-bubbling membranes with fast combined mass transport and theoretically infinite selectivity, where bubbles act as oxygen carriers. This review covers the latest deve-lopments in oxygen mass transport and bubble nucleation and dynamics in innovative core-shell structured diffusion-bubbling membranes. The directions for future research are indicated. A high potential of diffusion-bubbling membranes for efficient oxygen separation from air is noted.

A novel approach for the development of nanocomposite materials based on high-density polyethylene and an inorganic flame retardant, magnesium hydroxide, via the fundamental strategy of environmental crazing of polymers has been advanced. Efficient methods for incorporation of magnesium nitrate as a precursor into mеsoporous polymeric matrixes have been proposed, and the optimal conditions providing high-conversion in situ hydrolysis of magnesium salt to magnesium hydroxide within the confined space of mesopores of polymeric matrixes have been found. As a result of in situ hydrolysis, spherical or needle-like nanoparticles of magnesium hydroxide are found to be uniformly distributed within the volume of the high-density polyethylene matrix. The resultant nanocomposite polymeric materials with the low content of nanoparticles of magnesium hydroxide (below 30 wt. %) are characterized by reduced flammability and mechanical characteristics that are comparable to those of the initial polymer.