Vol 8, No 3 (2025)

this scientific article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the features of the development of local self–government (LSG) in the new subjects of the Russian Federation - the Donetsk People's Republic, Lugansk People's Republic, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions. In the context of the transition period, integration into the legal and socio-economic space of the Russian Federation, the functioning of local self-government in these regions faces unique challenges and requires adaptation of existing management models to specific historical, socio-cultural and economic conditions. The article provides a detailed analysis of the regulatory framework governing the organization and activities of local self-government institutions in new regions, with an emphasis on federal laws, regional regulations and local charters. Special attention is paid to the issues of the division of powers between state authorities and local self-government bodies, the formation of municipal property, the organization of the budgetary process and ensuring the financial independence of municipalities.

in the article under consideration, the author notes that the bankruptcy procedure of a citizen includes the stage of the sale of his property, which is a key moment for meeting creditors' claims and restoring the debtor's financial stability. In this process, special attention is paid to maintaining a balance between the interests of creditors and the debtor's rights to housing. According to the author, residential premises, as a rule, are the main asset sold to cover debts through a public bidding mechanism. The purpose of the article is to identify some features of the sale of residential premises based on an analysis of legislative regulation and judicial practice in the field of residential premises, identify problems arising in this procedure, and outline some ways to solve the identified problems. Based on the task set, the author in this article highlights some features of the sale of residential premises in the bankruptcy procedure of a debtor-citizen, examines the current problems of the sale of residential premises in the bankruptcy procedure of a debtor-citizen, in particular, special attention is paid to the problem of defining "luxury housing" and the possibility of selling mortgage real estate. The final part of the study provides conclusions on the legal regulation of this bankruptcy procedure, and offers recommendations for its improvement. The conclusions obtained are of interest both for practical activities and for the further development of the raised topic in scientific research.

a difficult issue that is solved by pharmacy chains when concluding contracts for the supply of medicines and their execution continues to be the lack of clear legal regulation for determining the amount of revenue. When determining the payment procedure, companies should take into account a variety of bonuses, discounts, promotional offers, and fees for services provided. All of them affect the size of the tax base. The price of a possible error is an overpayment of VAT or, conversely, the accrual of fines by the tax service for underestimating the tax base. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the characteristic features of the activities of pharmaceutical manufacturers, to determine, based on the studied theoretical material, judicial practice and explanations of the Tax Service, the legal difference between discounts, premiums and fees for the provision of services in the pharmaceutical business, to establish their impact on determining the tax base of the supplier. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to identify the risks associated with the provision of various types of bonuses by suppliers of medicines to customers under supply agreements. A distinction has been made between the bonuses received by pharmacy chains from pharmaceutical manufacturers when executing supply contracts, in terms of the correctness of their registration when taking into account the tax base.

in the presented article, the authors examine the properties of evidence provided for by the current design of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the current state of investigative practice, the authors analyze domestic legislation, for example, an analysis of the main elements that make up the properties of evidence. A number of problems of legal regulation of properties of evidence are considered in terms of their definition in the criminal procedure legislation of Russia. The problematic is due to the fact that in some cases different interpretations of the main elements of properties of evidence are allowed. The authors analyze the properties of evidence from the point of view of modern positions of forensic science and criminal procedural law, while the text develops a general concept. In the context of the analysis, the authors make proposals for further improvement of domestic legislation regulating the properties of evidence.

the article examines the key role of forensic medical examination at the stage of preliminary investigation of criminal cases, focusing on its importance in establishing the circumstances of crimes related to injury to health or death. The relevance of the research is due to the increasing demands on the quality and completeness of the evidence base necessary for an objective and comprehensive consideration of cases in court. The objectives of the study are a comprehensive analysis of the practical application of the FME at the stage of the preliminary investigation, identification of problematic aspects and the development of proposals to improve the procedural procedure for the appointment and conduct of examinations. Special attention is paid to the analysis of typical mistakes made by investigators when appointing the FME, as well as by experts during its implementation, which can lead to unreliable conclusions and, as a result, to violations of citizens' rights. The factors affecting the objectivity and completeness of forensic medical research are identified, including insufficient funding, lack of qualified personnel and imperfect methodological support.

in the framework of this scientific article the peculiarities of amendment and cancellation of the prenuptial agreement under the legislation of the Russian Federation are covered in detail. A substantial part of the work is devoted to the study and analysis of the existing opinions within the legal doctrine concerning certain ways of amendment and cancellation of the prenuptial agreement: the author of the article consistently substantiates the position according to which any, even the most insignificant, change made in the text of the prenuptial agreement by the spouses, is subject to mandatory notarial certification. Dissolution of the prenuptial agreement, in the opinion of the author of this article, as a general rule, is possible only by mutual consent, but there is one exception, within which it is still possible to implement the mechanism of unilateral dissolution of the agreement in court: by applying the rule of subparagraph 1 of paragraph 2 of Article 450 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Among other things, the article points out the need to develop signs that will signal to various subjects of law enforcement practice that with a high degree of probability there was a significant violation of the legal rights of one of the spouses, which puts him in an extremely unfavourable position.

the subject of the study is the modern system of qualifying signs of special types of theft, the responsibility for which is established in Articles 164, 221, 226 and 229 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify problematic aspects in this area and develop proposals for their elimination. The article uses a set of general scientific and private scientific methods of scientific cognition, namely: analysis, synthesis, system-structural, formal-legal, logical and comparison. Through the author's systematization of qualifying signs of special types of theft, the work consistently analyzes the current state of relevant circumstances that aggravate criminal liability. It is established that it is not completely perfect. This is manifested, first of all, in the revealed violation of the rules for differentiating the characteristics of a group of persons and an organized group, the lack of a generally recognized understanding of the category of persons using their official position, uniform accounting of the quantitative properties of the object of theft, the presence of substantive and terminological flaws, etc. Taking into account the nature of the identified problematic aspects, the authors seek the possibility of improving criminal legislation in order to increase the effectiveness of its regulatory provisions. The conclusion reflects the main conclusions drawn as a result of the discussion of the issues and the results of the study.

the priorities of state policy in relation to minors determine the recognition of their full range of rights and freedoms (personal, political, social and economic), approved by international and constitutional guidelines. Minors are a vulnerable category of the population. In order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of children, various mechanisms are needed to effectively address these goals. Along with these mechanisms, the primary task is to improve the justice systems for minors and the prevention of offenses among them. In this regard, the article is devoted to some issues of the implementation of the juvenile system in Russia. Problems are caused by the fact that the concept of juvenile justice, to which the authors attach a broad and narrow meaning, has not been formed. Juvenile justice is understood not only as the activities of courts in considering cases involving minors, but also as the entire system of preventing juvenile delinquency. In the domestic juvenile justice, a certain and positive experience has been accumulated in the work of courts, including regional. It is advisable to extend this experience to all regions of the country. Foreign models of juvenile justice in their pure form may not be suitable for Russian reality. At the same time, improvement of criminal and criminal procedural legislation is required. Russian juvenile justice needs to implement modern methods of working with children, using domestic and foreign experience. It is necessary to create specialized programs in this area. The result of juvenile justice activities should be comprehensive protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors.

the purpose of this study is a comprehensive study of the institute of predicate offenses in the legislation of the Russian Federation with a focus on their relevance and significance in law enforcement practice. The authors have analyzed the current normative legal acts and judicial practice in order to identify current problems and opportunities for further improvement of legal mechanisms in this area. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that predicate offenses, being the basis for subsequent criminal acts, such as money laundering, require clear and effective legal regulation. In the context of globalization and increase in transnational financial transactions, improving the effectiveness of the fight against such crimes is one of the key tasks to ensure the security of the state and stabilization of the economic system. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results can be used in the development of new legal acts, advanced training of law enforcement officers, as well as in the educational process for the training of specialists in the field of jurisprudence. In conclusion, it is noted that the achievement of the set goals and objectives will lead to the improvement of law enforcement practice and will contribute to the improvement of the general level of legal culture in the country.

the article deals with the issues related to the principle of good faith in cases of abuse by participants of business companies of their corporate rights in the form of greenmail. Good faith is defined as an internal limit to the exercise of a subjective corporate right. In this case, only objective good faith is considered as a principle of law. A point of view is defended according to which subjective good faith has no legal significance in establishing the fact of abuse of right. Abuse of right is characterized as a special case of deliberate bad faith behavior. The work has been carried out to study the content of the principle of good faith through the prism of the obligation of participants of corporate legal relations to act in the interests of the business entity and their obligation to act with due regard for the interests of the business entity. It is substantiated that prevention of abuse of right in corporate legal relations is a prohibition, not an obligation. A point of view is proposed according to which, when exercising greenmail, it is possible both to breach the duty to act in the interests of the company and to breach the duty to act with due regard for the interests of the company. Private cases of greenmail on the part of business company participants are considered. Based on the findings of the courts in specific cases, possible criteria for specifying the duties that constitute the content of the principle of good faith have been identified.

the purpose of the article is to consider the essence of the rights of business entities in the context of diversification. The authors set the task of subjecting controversial issues of the right to carry out business activities by various business entities to scientific analysis. In this regard, they examined the content of the right to carry out business activities as a key right belonging to a business entity. The methodological arsenal of scientific research includes a set of general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, such as the method of systems analysis, induction and deduction, analogy and generalization, which are used to study the rights of business entities in their interrelationship. The author's analysis of the content of the right of a business entity to carry out entrepreneurial activity is presented. The possibility of carrying out entrepreneurship by various categories of business entities, including self-employed citizens and non-profit organizations, is studied. Contradictions in the understanding of terminological constructions defining entrepreneurial, income-generating and economic activity are shown. The author's vision of the problem of resolving contradictions between the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law "On Non-Commercial Organizations" is shown. Attention is drawn to the problem of supporting and protecting the rights of entrepreneurs diversifying production. The authors recommended including in Article 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation a definition of business (economic) activity as an activity related to entrepreneurship and income generation. They also prove the need to adapt the provisions of the Federal Law "On Non-Commercial Organizations" in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The legislator is proposed to expand the rights of entrepreneurs diversifying their business by creating mechanisms for preferential lending for these purposes.

in Russian legislation, the definition of "medical activity" is fixed in paragraph 10 of Article 2 of the Federal Law "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation". From a substantive point of view, the category of "medical activity" is considered as an activity carried out on a professional basis, aimed at providing medical care to the population and other actions in the medical field. Medical activity should be considered as a specific type of professional activity, which in the criminal law sense should be understood significantly narrower than the above-mentioned normative definition. It is implemented within the framework regulated by the law of social relations that arise and develop in the field of public health protection in the Russian Federation, and within which the rights and obligations of the subjects involved in them – medical workers and patients - are realized.

in the article, the authors consider the linguistic problems and legal consequences of the transfer of customs tariffs and classifications of goods in the context of international trade. Particular attention is paid to the accuracy and consistency of terminology in the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, as well as to the problems of polysemy, lack of equivalents, and cultural conditionality of terms in different languages. The study highlights that errors and inaccuracies in translations can lead to legal disputes, incorrect charging of fees, and violations of international law. The article suggests possible approaches to solving these problems, including the development of unified translation standards, the involvement of specialists in the field of linguistics and customs law, as well as the use of machine translation methods in combination with professional lexicographic work.