Causative dynamic spatial models of simple sentences in the Koryak language.

The object of the study is simple sentences of the Koryak language that describe causative dynamic spatial situations (the subject moves the object from one point in space to another), and the subject matter is the structure and semantics of such sentences. The goal is to classify simple sentences that represent movement relationships and to characterize the typical features of these sentences. A hypermodel of movement has been identified, which includes the subject – the causer of the movement, the object of movement, a series of localizers indicating the starting and ending points of the movement and the trajectory, as well as the predicate – a verb with the semantics of movement. Three types of models are distinguished: adlative (movement towards the endpoint), delative (movement from the starting point), and translative (movement along the trajectory), with a set of structurally-semantic variants described for each type. A range of general scientific and linguistic methods has been employed in the study: observation and description, systematization, component analysis, etc., with the main methods being syntactic modeling of the structure and semantics of the sentence as a bidirectional linguistic sign, as well as classification based on the features of the structure and semantics of simple sentences. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that simple sentences with the semantics of movement in the Koryak language are represented as a system of bidirectional linguistic signs in which the expression plan and the content plan correspond to each other. For the first time, linguistic syntactic units have been identified, their classification has been conducted, and differential features have been defined, by which they are contrasted with other models of spatial semantics and with each other within the described class. As a result of the study, it was found that the models of movement based on the expression of localizers form a unified system with models of motion. Each of the models is represented by a similar set of structurally-semantic variants, which are distinguished according to the way of expressing the localizer. A typologically significant feature of the Koryak system of spatial relations is the combination within the same word form of designations of specific localizations through spatial suffixes and abstract orientations expressed by case markers.

Koryak language, ergative language, simple sentence, spatial models, causative models of movement, displacement, verbs of displacement, lative, ablative, prolative