No 3 (2025)

The purpose of the study – to identify the degree of influence of physical activity on cognitive abilities, emotional state, stress resistance, self-esteem, and professional skills of students. Research methods: content analysis of scientific literary sources; comparative analysis of data from students with different levels of physical activity, surveys and questionnaires to identify their attitudes towards physical activity; experimental methods for studying cognitive abilities and emotional states; statistical analysis of the obtained data. Research results and conclusions. It has been revealed that physical activity contributes to the improvement of cognitive abilities such as attention, memory, and thinking, which directly affects academic performance and professional skills. Regular participation in sports and physical exercises positively influences emotional well-being, enhancing stress resilience and self-esteem. Furthermore, physical activity aids students in developing personal qualities such as determination, discipline, and self-organization, which play a significant role in their professional self-realization. The inclusion of physical exercises in educational programs promotes the harmonious development of students and increases their motivation to achieve professional goals.

The novelty of the research lies in the design of a methodology with methodological guidelines for ideomotor reproduction of movements and actions aimed at improving the technique of performing exercises and developing strength abilities in individuals engaged in athletic gymnastics. The purpose of the study – to improve the process of strength training for youth engaged in athletic gymnastics through the use of ideomotor training. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis of scientific literature, testing, design, expert evaluation methods, pedagogical experiments, and mathematical statistics methods were used. The developed methodology of ideomotor training was tested in the training process of youth aged 18-24 engaged in athletic gymnastics at the sports club "MK-Sport" in Khabarovsk for a duration of 5 months. The content of the methodology involved the systematic reproduction of mental images of motor actions aimed at forming clear motor-muscle representations of movement before their practical execution. Methodological guidelines, the content of which was determined by the coach's emphasis on the mental representation of the main elements of the technique for performing each exercise, were individually tailored for each participant. Research results and conclusions. After the experiment, positive shifts were observed in the indicators of the strength abilities of the participants. Furthermore, the members of the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in the technique of performing exercises related to coordination and accuracy, which was confirmed by the opinions of three expert specialists. Additionally, the process of mastering technical elements in this group was twice as short as in the control group. The results obtained allow for the conclusion regarding the effectiveness of the designed content of the strength training process for young men aged 18-24 engaged in athletic gymnastics, based on the application of ideomotor training.

The purpose of the study – to conduct a comparative analysis of the physical fitness level of students in the legal specialty, using the example of the Faculty of Law of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg (RANEPA, SPb) and the St. Petersburg Law Institute (branch) of the University of prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation SPbLI (b) UP RF. Research methods and organization: methods of comparative analysis of the physical fitness levels of students in legal specialties and the content of physical education programs of two universities were employed. A survey was conducted among future lawyers studying at RANEPA, St. Petersburg, and future prosecutors from St. Petersburg Law Institute (branch) of prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation. The Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education in Physical Culture and Sports used in the physical education programs of institutions with legal specialties were studied. Research results and conclusions. The obtained results allow for the conclusion regarding the feasibility of applying the RPUD "Physical Training" at the SPbLI (b) UP RF, which meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education in Physical Culture and Sports and is implemented in practical training sessions in full, as a result of which an adequate level of physical fitness is maintained to ensure the full-fledged social and professional activities of civil servants in the legal specialty.

The relevance of the work lies in the necessity to develop a set of indicators that most fully reflect the competitive activities of sailors, for conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis of the level of technical and tactical preparedness of racers competing in single yacht classes. The purpose of the study – to determine the key performance indicators of the technical and tactical actions of female sailors of varying qualifications during competitive activities in the first segment of the distance, which influence the effectiveness of reaching the first mark. Research methods and organization: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, survey (questionnaire of experts), observation (video analysis of GPS track records of sailing races at international regattas), methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The main indicators of the competitive activities of female sailors at various stages of the first segment of the distance have been identified. It has been revealed that athletes who completed the segment in the top three positions immediately after the start held a leading position, consolidating their advantage throughout the distance. Reliable differences have also been identified in the starting position, time delay at the start, the number and effectiveness of tacks against the wind, offensive and defensive actions, the amount of time in "clean wind," the amount of time on a favorable tack, the average speed of the boat in strong winds, the distance covered in light and medium winds, as well as in the VMG indicator.

The purpose of the study – to improve the techniques of starts and turns among students who hold the first adult category in competitive swimming. Research methods and organization. The research was conducted within the framework of the academic discipline "Professional Sports Improvement" by the faculty and students of the Department of Theory and Methodology of Swimming at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sports and Health, St. Petersburg, in full-time education for the training direction 49.03.04 "Sport", profile: coaching and teaching activities in the chosen sport (swimming), qualification of bachelor's degree, during the period from 2018 to 2024. Research methods: summarizing the experience of professional activity in teaching the discipline "Professional Sports Improvement" to students of higher education institutions (using swimming as an example); pedagogical observations using above-water photo and video recording of practical classes for students specializing in swimming; pedagogical experiment. Research results and conclusions. The results of the study allowed for the identification of characteristic features and deficiencies in the technique of starts and turns among students who hold the first adult category in competitive swimming; to determine the causes of the occurrence, as well as the consequences of specific errors in the technique of starts and turns; to theoretically develop and experimentally substantiate modern, accessible, and effective means of correcting errors within the framework of conducting practical classes on professional sports improvement.

The purpose of the study – to determine the features of organizing the training process for sports reserves in kickboxing at different stages of preparation. Research methods and organization: Research methods include theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, surveys of kickboxing coaches, and summarization of pedagogical research results. The studies were conducted from September 2024 to December 2024 at the sports club "Siberian Bear" in the city of Omsk. Research results and conclusions. The pedagogical focus of working with children and adolescents has been identified, the advantages of analytical and situational methods at different stages of kickboxers' training have been determined, and the importance of functional situational planning by the coach has been emphasized.

The purpose of the study – to identify and substantiate the differences in the somnological characteristics between female and male athletes during the training process in modern polyathlon. Research methods and organization: somnography, control method based on the assessment of acoustic parameters of sleep, methodology for determining the tendency to anxiety by J. Taylor in the adaptation of V. G. Norakidze, analysis of competition protocols, methods of mathematical statistics. Participants were highly qualified polyathlon athletes. Over the course of 14 days, the athletes performed planned physical training during a sports camp. Sleep registration was performed every night. Research results and conclusions. Differences in the values of somnological characteristics between men and women were identified both at the beginning of the training camps and in the dynamics of the studied parameters under the influence of planned loads. From the beginning of the training camps, the sleep quality of men was notably higher. During the training process, the sleep parameters of men improved or remained within the normal range; for women, the changes were less pronounced or remained outside the normal range. The identified differences align with the low performance increase in the women's team compared to the men's team, as well as with the established tendency of female athletes towards anxiety, which may affect recovery after changing locations and in the lead-up to competitions. Thus, the heterogeneity of changes in somnological characteristics among athletes of different genders may be justified, in particular, by the tendency towards anxiety and the tolerance to the imposed physical load.

The purpose of the study – to identify trends in the current work of coaches in 8 sports schools in Saint Petersburg, to develop the thematic questions, conduct the research, and determine the negative factors affecting the training of sprint freestyle swimmers with the development of recommendations for its improvement. Research methods and organization: methods of analyzing scientific literature, pedagogical observation, individual surveys, and mathematical statistics were employed. The study involved 21 coaches of varying qualifications from 8 sports swimming schools in the city of Saint Petersburg. During the pedagogical observation, individual surveys and subsequent questionnaires were conducted. Research results and conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate a high level of professionalism, as well as diverse personal preferences and varied approaches of the coaching staff in working with freestyle sprinters. Negative factors that hinder the integrity of swimming training have been identified and analyzed, and recommendations for their elimination have been established.

Starting from the mid-20th century, there has been a systematic increase in the average age of leading athletes in all disciplines, both among men and women, which makes athletics one of the most age-diverse sports. The purpose of the study was to compare the average age of finalists in all events of the men's and women's athletics Olympic program for the year 2024 with each other and to compare them with similar data from the beginning of the 21st century. Research methods and organization. Based on the official protocols of the competitions, World Athletics determined the average age of the finalists of the 2024 Olympic Games and the average age of the finalists of the Olympic Games and World Championships from 2000 to 2023 in 23 men's and women's track and field events. The average number of complete years was established for the top 8 athletes in sprints, relays, and hurdles over distances of 100-800 meters, and for the top 12 athletes in other events. A comparison was made between the average age data of the finalists in 2024 and those from 2000-2023. The events with the lowest and highest average age of finalists were identified. Research results. The conducted research showed the preservation of the main age ranges in individual athletic events, established since the beginning of the 21st century. The oldest finalists of the 2024 Olympic Games were marathon runners, followed in descending order of age by throwers, race walkers, jumpers, multi-event athletes, and runners in long, short, and middle distances. Compared to previous competitions, there was a slight decrease in the average age of men in middle-distance running and an increase in long-distance events, while for women, there was an increase in average age in throwing events and a slight decrease in short-distance running. The average age of the finalists in 2024 for men across all events was 26.72 years, which is +0.28 years higher than the average for the previous period, while the average age for women was 27 years, which completely coincided with the average value since the beginning of the century.

The purpose of the study – to identify the relationship between the accuracy of passes and the effectiveness of the ball hitting the target, as well as to determine the influence of accurate passing on the player's preparation for executing long-range shots. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, video analysis of game situations, and methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The obtained results allow for the conclusion regarding the feasibility of including tasks aimed at improving the quality of passes for executing long-range shots in the training process for female basketball players.

The purpose of the study – to develop an algorithm for selecting special exercises to improve the coordination endurance of qualified biathletes. Research methods: pedagogical observation, video analysis, and expert evaluation. Research results and conclusions. A specialized algorithm has been developed for selecting specific exercises aimed at improving the coordination endurance of qualified biathletes, which has been successfully implemented in the training process of the Saint Petersburg team. Models of competitive and special exercise elements have been created; protocols for the coordination models of the competitive exercise and the exercise "Imitation of movement on roller skis on an inclined surface using the ERCOLINA ski simulator"; protocols for comparing coordination models of exercises. The obtained result of a 90% match in the coordination profile allows us to conclude that the exercise "Imitation of movement on roller skis on an inclined surface using the ERCOLINA ski simulator" can be used as a special coordination exercise aimed at developing coordination endurance.

The purpose of the study is to develop a structural-functional model of the organization of health-improving physical culture in a medical university. Research methods and organization. Theoretical methods (analysis and systematization of scientific and methodological literature; study and generalization of pedagogical experience; modeling of structural and content foundations of the researched process) and empirical methods (monitoring physical development using the Kettle index; assessment of functional state using the Ruffier, Stange, Genchi tests, and orthostatic test; determination of the level of physical fitness based on the results of the standards of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense"; assessment of quality of life according to the SF-36 Health Status Survey; evaluation of motivation for a healthy lifestyle and sports activities using a questionnaire developed by the author) were employed. The developed structural-functional model of the activities of the medical university in organizing health-improving physical culture for students was integrated into the educational and upbringing processes of the First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg. Research results and conclusions. The application of the proposed structural-functional model of the activities of a medical university in organizing health-improving physical culture contributes to a positive dynamic in the indicators of functional state and physical fitness of students, improvement in quality of life, and an increase in motivation for engaging in physical exercises.

The purpose of the study – to determine the adjustment coefficients for the development of testing standards (tests) for the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" for individuals with Down syndrome. Research methods and organization. During the research, we analyzed the sports disciplines represented in the program of official competitions for individuals with intellectual disabilities. From the list of sports disciplines, we identified those in which athletes with intellectual disabilities and athletes with Down syndrome compete, as well as the world records established by athletes from these two classes in these disciplines. In the next stage, the difference in the percentage ratio between the records of athletes with Down syndrome and athletes with intellectual disabilities was determined. Research results and conclusions. Thirty different sports disciplines for individuals with intellectual disabilities have been identified, the world records of which are officially registered by the International Sports Federation for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (Virtus - World Intellectual Impairment Sport). Among them, twelve disciplines have been determined in which athletes with intellectual disabilities (IN-1) and athletes with Down syndrome (IN-2) compete. All selected disciplines in terms of the manifestation of basic competitive actions are similar to the tests of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex. To determine the adjustment coefficients, a mathematical calculation was conducted to identify the difference in world records of athletes from two classes. The difference between the records of athletes in classes IN-2 and IN-1 was determined as a percentage, which was subsequently used to calculate the adjustment coefficient and to develop the standards for the tests of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex for individuals with Down syndrome in assessing physical qualities such as "speed capabilities," "endurance," and "speed-strength capabilities."

The purpose of the study – is to identify the motivation of students in the special medical group for physical education classes at the institute. Research methods and organization: a survey using a Google questionnaire based on Yu. Gagin's "Motive-Health" questionnaire. The survey involved students from the 1st to the 4th year enrolled in the "Physical Education" discipline block in the special medical group. Research results. The analysis of the obtained results showed that one of the promising directions for increasing the level of motivation is the digitalization of education. It serves as a means of health-forming communication among students of SMG and is simultaneously both an incentive and a motivation for attending physical education classes. Conclusions. The main obstacles to attending classes are reluctance and laziness; at the same time, emotional engagement and communication attract students to the classes. An alternative approach to fostering motivation is the online community, where SMG students can informally discuss topics related to physical culture and health, share videos of their physical activities, achievements, and "victories over themselves." It is important to rely on the fundamental principles of the humanistic paradigm of education: "Freedom of choice," "Activity and initiative," and "Personal responsibility."

The article emphasizes that adaptive physical culture and, accordingly, its means, including gymnastics, are capable of comprehensively addressing the issues of socialization, adaptation, increasing interest, and forming motivation for engaging in adaptive physical culture, as well as the psychophysical condition of students with disabilities. It is noted that gymnastics with students with disabilities in adaptive physical culture is practically not applied and is poorly studied. Consequently, what is poorly studied is poorly understood and does not allow for the full utilization of the health-promoting and socializing potential inherent in gymnastics. The purpose of the study was to determine the possibility of forming motivation for engaging in adaptive physical culture through the use of gymnastics tools. Research methods and organization. In the course of the research, a survey method and pedagogical observation were employed. A total of 30 students with disabilities engaged in gymnastics as part of the elective course "Physical Culture and Sports" at the Department of Health Physical Culture and Adaptive Sports of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia were interviewed. The respondents have disabilities related to hearing, vision, musculoskeletal disorders, and general health conditions. Research results indicate that the proper use of gymnastics tools based on the methodology of their teaching for various nosological groups contributes to the development of potential capabilities and self-confidence in students with disabilities. According to the authors, these factors enable the formation of motivation for engaging in adaptive physical culture.

The purpose of the study – to assess the indicators of activity and optimism, adaptive potential, and the level of physical fitness of students studying in the field of "Physical Culture." The relevance of this research is driven by the need to evaluate the factors of stress resistance in students as future physical education teachers. Research methods and organization: theoretical analysis of literary sources, surveys, testing of physical fitness levels, functional diagnostics, expert evaluation, statistical methods. The study involved students from the 1st to 3rd years of the Faculty of Physical Culture, Natural Sciences, and Environmental Management of the Kuzbass State Humanities and Pedagogical Institute. Research results allowed for the identification of five personality types among students according to the AOS scale, based on the expression of activity and optimism indicators, and provided their characteristics. Additionally, the results of the study included an assessment of students based on their adaptive potential indicators and level of physical fitness. Conclusions. The obtained data must be taken into account in the professional training of students studying in the field of "Physical Culture" to enhance their psychological and physical health.

The purpose of the study – is the use of an individual educational trajectory in classes with students of the elective discipline of sambo. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, the author's and his colleagues' many years of personal experience, and pedagogical experimentation were utilized. The proposed options for forming groups of students engaged in sambo, depending on their preparedness, were tested in elective sambo classes with students from the State University of Management and cadets from the Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Research results and conclusions. The sport of sambo allows for classes to be conducted with students of varying levels of physical fitness and experience in martial arts. The individual educational trajectory of a student should take into account their readiness to engage in one of the disciplines of sambo: sambo wrestling, combat sambo, or demonstration sambo. The integration of individual educational trajectories into the educational process for students enables the use of training technologies for sambo wrestlers.

The article presents the results of experimental work on the formation of motivation for engaging in amateur sports among students of a non-specialized university. The purpose of the study – to implement pedagogical conditions for the formation of motivation for engaging in amateur sports among students of a non-specialized university. Research methods: pedagogical observation, survey, testing, diagnostic experiment, formative experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The developed and implemented pedagogical conditions in the educational process have positively influenced the formation of motivation for engaging in amateur sports among students of a non-specialized university.

The purpose of the study – to analyze the components of adaptive physical culture in the physical training of military personnel with disabilities and to develop measures for its improvement within the framework of the Guidelines on Physical Training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Research methods and organization. System analysis, pedagogical experiments, methods of observation and surveying, as well as mathematical data processing were utilized. The study was conducted with the participation of military personnel with disabilities who underwent testing for agility, speed, strength, and endurance. Research results and conclusions. The most accessible exercises have been identified, including "swimming" and "platform climbing," key limitations and needs of military personnel with various levels of injuries have been revealed. Practical recommendations have been proposed for optimizing the content of adaptive physical culture in the physical training system for military personnel with disabilities, such as the development of corrective coefficients, the expansion of the list of exercises, and the creation of individual training programs. The obtained data confirm the significance of adaptive physical culture for enhancing the combat readiness and social integration of military personnel with disabilities.

The purpose of the study – to identify the characteristics of self-regulation and communicative qualities of cadets with varying levels of neuroticism. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of the results of empirical studies, psychodiagnostic methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The characteristics of self-regulation among cadets at a high level of neuroticism are established, statistically significantly differing in manifestations of tension, anxiety, and conflict. At a low level of neuroticism, the presence of developed skills for self-control of undesirable impulses and resistance to social and cognitive problems is noted. Differences in the communicative properties of personality at a high level of neuroticism manifest in signs of frustration, authoritarianism, and aggressiveness, which hinder the development of communicative qualities and the establishment of stable social relationships. It has been revealed that success in communication statistically significantly increases with a decrease in the level of neuroticism of the individual and psychodynamic properties of excitability. The obtained research data indicate the presence of an inverse proportional relationship between the level of neuroticism of subjects in educational activities and self-regulation, reflecting the inadequacy of awareness of difficulties in communications.

The purpose of the study – to determine the relationship between types of parental attitudes and the style of self-regulation of behavior in young female athletes aged 7 to 11 engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. Research methods and organization. The method of subjective psychodiagnostics was used with the application of questionnaires: "Types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of child athletes: diagnostic questionnaire (O.G. Lopukhova, L.R. Nurkhamitova) and express methodology 'Style of self-regulation of children's behavior' (SSPD2-M) by V.I. Morosanova; methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The obtained data allowed for an expansion of scientific understanding regarding the factors of psychological development in young athletes and the formation of individual-personal qualities necessary for successful sports activities. Based on the obtained data, recommendations have been developed for the parents of young athletes who are interested in supporting and consciously fostering their child's self-regulation through sports activities.

pedagogical competence of graduates from the medical university's medical faculty, specifically the communicative skills, motivational potential, and personal characteristics in comparison with the success in mastering practice-oriented educational tasks. Research methods and organization. The study involved students from the 4th and 6th years of the medical faculty aged between 20 and 25 years. The examination was conducted in person during the course "Specific Issues of Medical Rehabilitation." To achieve the goals and objectives of the study, the following were used: the G. Shmishek questionnaire, the communication and organizational tendencies test by V.V. Sinyavsky and V.A. Fedoroshin (KOS), the Ehlers test, and the average score of students on situational problem-solving during the educational cycle (a 100-point grading scale based on the point-rating system (PRS)). Research results indicated that the personality traits of students in the medical faculty are characterized by the dominance of hyperthymic traits, pronounced emotional lability, a reduced level of anxiety, a high degree of self-confidence, and a low level of communication skills. At the same time, a high level of motivation to avoid failure was identified, accompanied by a tendency towards defensive behavior, a fear of making mistakes, and a strong desire to avoid risky situations. The analysis of the relationships between the success of solving practice-oriented tasks and the psychological characteristics of students revealed that individuals with emotive traits better assess the anamnesis data of the task and correctly choose the option for therapeutic interaction.