Vol 23, No 3 (2023)

Introduction. The article substantiates the relevance of domestic tourism development, examines the domestic tourist flow dynamics, and pays attention to the importance of mass tourism development for Russian economy. Theoretical analysis. Institutionalization and digitalization are fundamental elements of the mass domestic sustainable tourism development matrix. It is noted that a direct appeal to the tourist services producers by potential tourists through digital institutions becomes a condition for mass tourism restoration of in our country. Empirical analysis. An important role in domestic tourism development is played by the creation of digital products, which include a mobile application-designer of tourist trips “Be your own tour operator”. The paper gives an example of building a tourist route in Samara, proves the advantages of using the services of the proposed application. Results. The formation of mass domestic sustainable tourism requires the production of a customized tourist product, which can be achieved by applying institutional and digital mechanisms to the tourism industry. The customization of the tourist product reduces the role of tour operators in the domestic market and increases the role of tour guides and other direct producers of tourist services, which is the tourism digitalization paradox.

Introduction. Corporations today are the basis of any state’s economy, and within the framework of corporate governance, key strategic decisions are made that determine the fate of corporations. Accordingly, the problem of corporate governance risk management is one of the key economic problems, as it affects the interests of not only the participants of corporate relations, but also a huge number of economic agents. Theoretical analysis. The article presents the views of Russian scientists on the characteristics and classification of corporate governance risks, defines the property and non-property risks of corporate governance, considers the causes of their occurrence, as well as the mechanisms of influence on the corporation, its participants, creditors, public law entities. Also, a distinction is made between the objectively existing normal business risk and the predominantly subjective risks of corporate governance. Empirical analysis. Based on statistical data on bringing controlling persons to subsidiary liability, it is shown that the number of bankruptcies of Russian companies due to the manifestation of corporate governance risks is steadily growing. Results. The author’s typology of corporate governance risks, characterized by their relationship and interdependence is developed. Property and non-property risks of corporate governance are identified, the impact of which on the activities of Russian corporations is currently the most significant. Among them are those to which it is possible to adapt in the modern conditions of doing business. It is concluded that in the process of managing corporate risks based on the use of corporate law institutions existing in Russia and their combinations, it is impossible to nullify completely the occurrence and manifestation of the risks in question. Nevertheless, to ensure the necessary mutual control of the corporate relations subjects, limiting their ability to act in bad faith and unreasonably to the detriment of the company, is quite an achievable task.

Introduction. Recent financial crises have highlighted the need for increased attention to systemic risks and indicators to track them. This study is devoted to the assessment of systemic risk, which is a popular subject of economic research. The paper analyzes systemic risks in the Russian stock market for companies included in the RTS index. Theoretical analysis. We will focus on one common measure of systemic risk, CoVaR, which is the notional value at risk (notional VaR), defined as the change in the value of a financial system (asset) at risk versus another asset (system) in decline. The CoVaR risk measure is a powerful risk management tool and can be viewed as a simultaneous measure of system vulnerability, allowing the identification of assets that are classified as systemically important. Еmpirical analysis. The study tests the hypothesis of structural changes in the risk propagation network over time and looks at various measures of strength centrality, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and Page Rank to identify assets that can propagate negative shocks through the network. Results. The results show that during the shocks of 2014 and 2020 the Russian stock market was exposed to more systemic risk and greater interconnectedness between assets. Shares of Sberbank and Tatneft contributed significantly to this risk during the political crisis and beyond, with company size not a dominant factor.

Introduction. The relevance of studying the industrial enterprise digitalization processes and developing a methodology for implementing production process control systems is due to the fact that digital technologies introduced into the manufacturing sector are important drivers for improving production management processes, improving labor productivity indicators, reducing the labor intensity of manufacturing products, reducing the cost of products and increasing quality. Theoretical analysis. The information systems and products most commonly used in modern practice of industrial enterprises in aviation industries are analyzed. Empirical analysis. The analysis of options for making managerial decisions to create an ERP complex that automates the processes of production’s technological preparation was carried out using the methods of analyzing advantages and disadvantages, paired comparisons and Kepner – Trego. A mechanism for making informed management decisions on the analysis of alternatives is presented, as well as the evaluation and selection of options for digitalization of the technological preparation processes based on the use of the principles of developing a management decision. Results. The choice of the Global ERP system for managing production preparation processes at industrial enterprises in the aircraft industry is justified, since it most closely matches the selected evaluation criteria.

Introduction. In modern conditions, several promising directions in the study of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation are being actualized. In the context of these scientific developments, the research into the historical and legal aspects of the legislative policy of late Imperial Russia to improve the organizational structure, management bodies and functioning of institutions of the penal system has become particularly relevant. Theoretical analysis. During the modernization of the penitentiary system of Russia in the late XIX – early XX centuries, laws, circulars and instructions were adopted to improve the efficiency of the management of individual places of detention of the civil department and prison guards. The legal regulation of the penal enforcement legislation made it possible to structure and improve the activities of the management, supervision and support staff of the prison department. Еmpirical analysis. It has been revealed that purposeful activities aimed at optimizing office work, establishing a correct and monotonous order of documentation, accounting and reporting in the offices of prison castles occupied an important place in the activities of the Main Prison Administration, Prison departments of the Provincial Government in the provinces. Results. During the implementation of the prison reform in the Russian Empire in 1879, a systematic modernization of the penitentiary system in the country took place. The legal regulation of the activities played the primary role in improving the management and organization of the work of all structures of the prison department, which is documented by the materials of penitentiary institutions of the Saratov province of late XIX – early XX centuries.

Introduction. In the modern period there is a dynamic introduction of information technology in all spheres of social life. Scientific and applied achievements concerning the development of IT began to be actively used for the rehabilitation of people who became disabled, including those with problems with the musculoskeletal system, muscle atrophy, loss of hearing, vision, etc. Theoretical analysis. Advances in scientific and technological progress, especially in medicine, biomedicine, genetics, bioengineering, mathematics, programming, psychophysiology and neurophysiology, alongside the use of information and communication technologies, are changing the quality of life of people who find themselves in extreme health situations. The “industry of smart devices” is developing, assisting people in restoring the functions of lost organs. The use of “smart” devices raises the problem of ensuring free will and mental privacy, respect for privacy, which is one of the manifestations of individual freedom. In this regard, there is a need for the development of scientific directions that study the legal support for the implementation of neuro-interfaces and other “smart devices”. Results. Emphasis is placed on advances in biomedicine, psychophysiology and neurophysiology and other sciences, which, in interaction with the possibilities of information and communication technologies, contribute to the return of people with disabilities to active and fulfilling life activities. While using “smart” devices, there is a problem of ensuring free will and mental privacy, respect for privacy, which is one of the manifestations of individual freedom. It is emphasized that in the future there will be a need to resolve the dilemma between the benefits that “smart devices” can provide for people and the equality of people. The use of these devices in the absence of objective requirements may lead to inequality between people, creating advantages not conditioned by the natural qualities for some of them. The author puts forward an idea of the need to address the issue of qualification of the actions of those who hacked the neuro-interfaces, which caused death or additional harm to the person who uses it.

Introduction. The issue of the subject of review of cases of compliance of the initiative to hold a referendum on the proposed issue (proposed issues) of the referendum with the Constitution of the Russian Federation by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is not regulated in the federal legislation. In addition, the federal legislation regulates the procedure for considering cases of this category only in general terms. Theoretical analysis. The systematization of the opinions presented in the scientific literature regarding the subject of verification in this category of cases allows us to distinguish two positions: the subject of consideration by the Constitutional Court should include both the issues proposed for a referendum and the entire procedure for the initiative of holding a referendum; only the issues proposed for a referendum should be the subject of consideration by the Constitutional Court. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the criteria (limits) of verification for the category of cases under consideration showed that, in any case, they should include compliance of the issues proposed for a referendum, the division of jurisdiction and powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The criteria for the admissibility of the motion, the procedural form and procedural periods of consideration of cases of the category under study need to be improved. Conclusions. The subject of verification in cases of the category under consideration should be not only the issues proposed for a referendum but also the entire procedure for the initiative of holding a referendum. The author proposes to amend the legislation providing for the exemption of the President of the Russian Federation from paying state duty when bringing the matter before the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in cases of the category in question, the possibility of participation of representatives of the electoral association or public authority proposing the initiative to hold a referendum, the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation and the President of the Russian Federation in consideration of cases of this category. The author also proposes to provide a special chapter in the relevant law regulating the consideration of cases of compliance of the initiative to hold a referendum on the proposed issue (proposed issues) of the referendum with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Introduction: The formation and development of constitutional norms of the protection of nature and the environment is an important condition for creating the favorable environment in the interests of present and future generations. An analysis of the evolution of this process will allow us to trace legal trends in this area and further prospects for constitutionalization of environmental relations. Theoretical analysis. The analysis of the genesis of constitutionalization of environmental relations in Russia has shown that this process has followed the path of recognition of environmental human rights and establishment of environmental responsibilities, which is an important constitutional and legal security measure aimed at creating the favorable environment, ensuring environmental rights of citizens, and acts as an indicator demonstrating the willingness of the state to ensure environmental safety of Russia. Empirical analysis. The development of the process of constitutionalization of environmental relations in Russia is carried out, among other things, through amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that these amendments will not have an immediate positive effect, but they are still a positive trend towards constitutionalization of environmental relations, an “ecological investment in the future”, aimed at forming ecological culture, consolidating positive environmental traditions. Conclusion. Despite the existence of constitutional provisions for environmental protection and a large body of environmental legislation formed on the basis of constitutional prescriptions, Russia has not been able to solve environmental problems so far. Therefore, it is concluded that Russia, despite the legal evolution of environmental relations to the extent of their constitutionalization, cannot yet be called an “ecological state”, since an effective ecological and legal mechanism for implementing constitutional requirements in this area must be created for this purpose.