Factors of Population Migration in the Russian Far East: Spatial and Age-Related Characteristics

The article examines spatial and age-related characteristics of migration in the Far Eastern region of Russia. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of various factors, such as socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, climate conditions, on population movements in different age groups within the region. The research focuses on analyzing migration flows in the Russian Far Eastern regions and their dependence on spatial and demographic characteristics. The study is based on statistical data from Rosstat for the period 2019–2021. The main findings show that there are significant differences in migration patterns among different age groups. For example, young people (20–24 years old) tend to migrate more than older people (65–69 years old). This trend is explained by economic factors such as income levels and cost of living. Young families with children are also more likely to move due to material incentives. However, younger people (15–29 years) are less likely to migrate because they focus on education opportunities. Living conditions in the region, including health care, infrastructure development and climate conditions, play a significant role in determining whether people will stay or leave. Regions with better living conditions tend to have lower rates of outmigration. Additionally, there is a spatial effect where neighboring regions influence each other's migration patterns. Economic factors have the greatest impact on migration in areas with strong economies, while social and infrastructure factors are more significant in less developed regions. This study contributes to a better understanding of how migration patterns are shaped by various factors in the Far Eastern part of Russia. Its findings can be used by policymakers to develop strategies for optimizing demographic and migration policy in this region.