卷 6, 编号 4 (2024)
Editor's notes
The Perennial Issue of the Integration of Science and Education
摘要
The reason for this remark was the recently published monograph on the establishment of Novosibirsk State University and the first decade of its activities. For at least 70 years, they have been talking about the need to integrate science and education at all levels of the vertical of power in Russia. During this time, it has been clearly realized and even practically confirmed that their integration makes it possible to significantly increase the level of training for various spheres of social production, including science itself.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):9-12
9-12
Scientific policy
Strategic Planning of Science and Technology Policy in Conditions of Growing Uncertainty: Challenges for Russia
摘要
The article examines the main documents of strategic planning in the Russian Federation in the field of science, technology and innovation policy, including the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy, Forecast of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation until 2030, and the Concept of Technological Development of Russia for the period until 2030. Their strengths and weaknesses are assessed as tools for STI management, taking into account the changing external context, increasing uncertainty, the emergence of new global and regional risks. It is shown that strategic planning documents in the field of STI are becoming the main response to “grand challenges”, a tool for monitoring traditional and new threats and risks. The work highlights the importance of STI strategic planning for solving the problems of ensuring technological sovereignty, national security, accelerated and forced scientific and technological development in the context of current external restrictions. The author justifies the need to transform STI strategic planning into a continuous process, supported by the necessary scientific tools for technological foresight, sociological research as well as for financial and economic assessment. The study also covers the documents of strategic STI planning at the level of international organizations and associations in which Russia participates, including the EAEU and the emerging GEP, CIS, SCO, Union State of Russia and Belarus, BRICS. The potential of these documents is considered from the point of view of identifying and supporting advanced joint projects of scientific teams and individual researchers to respond to the needs of the current mobilization stage of science and technology development of Russia and its partners. The possibilities of combining various formats of international cooperation in the field of STI were also considered. The continued relevance of effective STI strategic planning in conditions of growing external uncertainty is confirmed. A general conclusion is made that ensuring harmonization and coordination of scientific and technological development priorities at different levels – from corporate to international – is one of the key tasks for Russia today.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):13-28
13-28
Mechanisms of a state regulation of a scientific activity
Assessing Results of University Research Activities: Indicators of Openness in Rankings
摘要
Open access to scientific results and research data becomes an engine for the successful development of modern science. The article examines popular rankings of world universities: the CWTS Leiden Ranking, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE Rankings), the QS World University Rankings (QS), the SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) and the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU). The objective of the research was to study the ranking methodologies in the ratings under consideration and to determine the place of the openness criteria in them. A comparative analysis of world’s and Russia’s top universities in rankings is provided. The author has made an assessment of the significance of openness indicators in the world rankings, on the basis of which it has been concluded that only two world rankings pay due attention to these ranking criteria. Of those considered, only the evaluation methodologies of the CWTS Leiden Ranking and the SCImago Institutions Rankings take into account a quantitative analysis of open access publications and altmetric impact indicators. The rest of the considered rankings focus mainly on standard bibliometric indicators from different blocks related to the assessment of education, research, academic impact and international cooperation. Thus, in 2019–2022, the University College London (UK) was the top university in the CWTS Leiden Ranking in terms of the share of open access publications (90.8%) and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology was ranked the first among Russian universities (66.6%).
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):29-47
29-47
Normative legal framework of science
The State Policy of the Russian Federation in Relation to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1992–2013. The Organizational and Legal Aspect
摘要
The article deals with the legal policy of the Russian Federation in relation to the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) over the period from 1992 to 2013. During those years, the RAS – transformed from the USSR Academy of Sciences – was working under conditions of reforming the political, economic and legal system of the country. This affected the relationship between the Russian authorities and the Academy. The author analyzes two directions of the state policy pursued in relation to the RAS: organizational modernization (restructuring) and determining an organizational and legal form (form of a legal entity) for the RAS. These directions of the state policy were aimed at defining the rights and powers of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a subject of legal relations.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):48-70
48-70
Digital Environment and Problems Of Digitalization
Changes in the Publication Field of Russian Scientific Works in Modern Conditions
摘要
The article examines the issue of how forced restrictions imposed by the sanctions manifest themselves when Russian authors choose journals to publish their scientific papers. It specifies changes in the list of journals that publish works by researchers from several well-known Russian scientific organizations (three research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and three universities). They specialize in the Physics subject area and are located in three leading scientific centers of the country (Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk). A comparison of arrays of publications in academic journals selected in the Russian Science Citation Index database using the same queries for 2020 and 2023 is carried out (separately for each of the organizations).It is shown that the volume of publication arrays for all the participants was significantly smaller in 2023 than that in 2020. The range of journals selected for publication is narrowing. We can see an obvious reorientation of authors towards journals published in Russia. A list of publishers (in descending order of the number of publications in their journals) is drawn up for each of the years and for each of the organizations. Almost in all cases, when considering the period from 2020 to 2023, Russian publishers begin to rank first in these lists instead of well-known foreign ones, but the latter ones still remain there, albeit with a significantly smaller number of publications. At the same time, the suites of Russian journals also often consist of fairly highly rated ones. Therefore, after conducting an analysis of journals indexed in the international WoS and Scopus databases, we have find out that the total number of such journals remained quite large in 2023.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):71-85
71-85
Russian Science in the OpenAlex System of Open Scientific Knowledge
摘要
OpenAlex is an actively developing open access resource and a promising alternative to commercial sources of bibliometric data. It is aimed at supporting open research practices and transforming the information ecosystem of global science. The current study is an analysis of the total array of publications presented on the OpenAlex platform, as well as a more detailed study of Russian researchers’ works indexed in this system of open scientific knowledge. To achieve this goal, information was collected, processed and arranged by years of publication, types and most relevant research topics, publishers, availability of datasets, citation rates (>50), their subject area distribution and other parameters. The study resulted in obtaining ready-made visualized data that made it possible to analyze publications written by Russian researchers in comparison with foreign sources, as well as to find out citation patterns, problems and prospects for science to enter the open science infrastructure. The share of publications by Russian researchers in the total array as of July 1, 2024 was no more than 1% (2,398,923), with a predominance of scientific articles in the flow. However, a significant increase in the number of publications has been recorded in the last two years. It is noted that an effective representation in the growing flow of open data and publications is possible through the popularization of open science ideas among researchers and the integration of Russian resources into the global open access information system. This will improve visibility, increase the impact of research results and citation rate of works, expand the geography of the readership and allow receiving other benefits of open access. The author concludes that OpenAlex can be used as an information resource to search for heterogeneous information and an alternative tool for bibliometric analysis. This is especially important for Russian researchers in the context of limited access to foreign licensed databases.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):86-104
86-104
Ensuring Open Research Collaboration with the Open Science Framework: The Experience of the SPSTL SB RAS
摘要
Openness and accessibility of scientific research are becoming increasingly important aspects of promoting open science and reproducible research. Open scientific practices provide many benefits to both researchers and science as a whole. The Open Science Framework enables the application of open and collaborative research practices in the scientific community – from creating a data management plan, pre-registering one’s research and using version control to exchanging data and other research materials or publishing a preprint for rapid dissemination. The objective of the study was to analyze the OSF platform in order to identify the main functions and capabilities for open scientific communication and the use of this tool within the framework of the scientific project “Development of a Model for the Functioning of a Scientific Library in the Information Ecosystem of Open Science” of the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences to comply with the principles of open science. The author analyzed the OSF tools for creating projects, pre-registrations, posting preprints, as well as the possibilities of integration with various third-party services, such as Dropbox, GitHub, Google Drive, etc. Examples of projects and components are provided. The process of creating a project, adding components, metadata, creating preregistration is described. The results show that the user-friendly interface and variety of functions allow the OSF to be integrated into a researcher’s workflow and provide an opportunity to document and archive research projects, materials and data. They also facilitate the exchange of materials and data as well as promote research transparency. Russian researchers working in a wide range of scientific fields can use this open science tool to ensure open scientific collaboration and promote open and reproducible scientific research.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):105-121
105-121
Repositories of Research Data in Russia and Abroad
摘要
One of the effective tools for providing open access to academic research results are repositories of various types. The most common are thematic, national, research and institutional repositories that usually contain text materials: monographs, scientific publications, conference proceedings, etc.In addition to the types mentioned above, thematic and universal research data repositories have been actively developed abroad in recent years. Besides text information, they also include numerical, audiovisual data, datasets, models, computer codes, etc.In order to assess the current state of data repositories in our country, we have conducted a study of websites of scientific organizations of the three categories that were approved by the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 8, 2009 No. 312 “On the Assessment and Monitoring of the Effectiveness of Scientific Organizations Performing Research, Development and Technological Work for Civil Purposes” as well as of educational institutions that are participants of the program “Priority 2030”.This work has identified only three educational institution’s data repositories, the content of which is mostly closed for a remote user. Among scientific institutions, information on research data was found on 20 websites. However, most of this information is presented as a list of data, without providing search options by various attributes and managing their results. In the meantime, we have found successful examples of functioning of Russian data repositories that include unique collections of scientific research and provide open access to the research results. They provide extensive search features for a remote user: possibilities of applying logical operators and faceted navigation, as well as sorting of search results.It has been found out that national data repositories are practically not covered in international aggregators, and the existing information about them is often incorrect. This has a negative impact on the visibility of research results within the global scientific community.At the same time, placing research data in repositories and making data repositories available in international aggregators promote visibility, accessibility and rapid distribution of research results. This eliminates the need for re-collection of data and prevents duplication of works.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):122-142
122-142
Science in the mirror of scientometric
From the History of Scientometric Citation Classifications. The First Two Works and Russophone Publications. Part 1
摘要
The apparent diversity of citation motivations and the idea of possible differences in citation functions led to the first attempts at scientometric classifications of citations as early as in the 1960s (i.e. at the dawn of the appearance of a toolkit called the Science Citation Index). These classifications were developed based on the assumption that their application would make it possible to obtain more accurate data on both characteristics of cited documents and the very nature of scientific citation. They were also supposed to help refine information retrieval. The creation of such classifications is considered here in the context of the need for a correct understanding of the reflection of the properties of scientific documents by their citedness. In this work, the two very first articles on this topic are analyzed. Therefore, they contain the first proposed scientometric citation classifications.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):143-162
143-162
Scientific community
How I Defended a PhD Thesis (A Story about Preserving One’s Views)
摘要
The article thoroughly describes and analyzes my experience of being a PhD student in philosophy of physics abroad, interesting by its interlingual, interdisciplinary and international aspectsб but also by the evolution of the relationships of the PhD student with the supervisor which raises plenty of descriptive and normative questions related to research. In the first part of the article, the description proceeds in an autobiographical manner. The supervisor was first impressed by my capacities, but then got annoyed by my topic change, my independence and my proof for the new topic. In response I elaborated the preconditions of the proof by myself, tested my results at a major conference and obtained a second place at a competition for my article about them. I thus managed to defend the PhD thesis and to keep normal relationships with the supervisor, by contrast to the comparable story of Hugh Everett who left academia. In the second part of the article, an analysis of both organizational and individual sides of this experience is provided in the same chronological order. On the one hand, I address the material thematically, covering such aspects as interdisciplinarity, international moves and research visits, the roles of conferences, competitions and societies, as well as publication models and PhD defenses. On the other hand, I also return to major themes from the autobiography, such as the change of my research topic, the creation and fate of my writings and the evolution of the supervisor’s attitude towards my key result (the proof). Details on my research and the nature of our controversy about the proof are presented. I end up with revisiting the strategy of my relationships with the supervisor in light of examples from the history of physics (Everett’s story again, but now also Utiyama’s case with Yang and Mills).
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):163-196
163-196
Is a Researcher’s Status a Position or a Title?
摘要
The article raises the question of the urgent need to reintroduce the academic title of senior researcher in research institutes in order to confirm the level of a specialist and compliance with the position held. We consider the necessity to differentiate between researchers’ positions and their ranks and discuss the topic of unification of academic degrees used in the Russian hierarchy in the field of research with degrees accepted in the international practice. The advantages of the verified system of the table of scientific ranks that existed in the USSR are demonstrated. It is recommended to revive it in modern Russia, since it can really and objectively stimulate researchers to advance in the academic field. The expediency of confirming statuses of researchers with a multifactorial consideration of their positions, academic degrees and titles is shown.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):197-207
197-207
People of science: academic biographies and autobiographies
Corresponding Member of the RAS Zhan T. Toshchenko Is Turning 90: The Next Stage Towards Achieving New Horizons
摘要
The authors have timed this article to coincide with the upcoming 90th anniversary of Zhan T.Toshchenko, a major Soviet and Russian sociologist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Academic Supervisor of the Faculty of Sociology of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, founder of the school of the sociology of life, the author and co-author of more than 920 research and academic works. Within the framework of the anniversary article, we mention the milestones of the life of the scholar and note, in particular, his personal views and beliefs. The authors also retrace his career development and difficulties that stood in his way and required him to make a number of specific decisions. Meanwhile, in the process of becoming a researcher (let us recall initially a historian), Zhan T.Toshchenko had to more and more master new scientific disciplines that together made it possible to look at the issues being studied from a completely different angle, to think big and, one might even say, to go beyond the generally accepted frameworks of specific concepts. Not the least role in this has been played by those people of science (teachers, tutors, colleagues) whom he has met on this long and thorny path and of whom he has warm and friendly memories.While working on this article, we used previously published materials from colleagues and fellows in sociology (in particular, numerous interviews conducted with ZhanT.Toshchenko in different years). First of all, our analysis has shown that his biography includes paradoxical events. It would be suffice to mention his departure to a construction site in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Or another striking example deserves a special mention: being considered for the position of the Rector of Krasnoyarsk University, he chose to become a scholar in a research department at the Academy of Social Sciences under the CPSU Central Committee. In short, he went his own way, looking for extraordinary challenges that required not only research approaches, but also the practical application of a range of organizational (managerial) measures. ZhanT.Toshchenko, together with A.G.Egorov, V.V.Ryabov, V. N.Ivanov, N.N.Slyunkov, P.N.Fedoseev, T.I.Zaslavskaya and other major Soviet researchers, thoroughly prepared a number of proposals that later helped to recognize the role of sociology in the development of the Soviet society. We believe that this article may be of great interest not only for sociologists, but also for representatives of other sciences.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):208-220
208-220
History of the Foundation and Development of the Faculty of Sociology at Russian State University for the Humanities (Dedicated to the Anniversary of Zhan T. Toshchenko)
摘要
The article is devoted to the 90th anniversary of the Corresponding Member of the RAS, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor ZhanT.Toshchenko. The authors highlight his efforts for the creation and development of the Faculty of Sociology at Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH). Historically, the process of forming the Faculty included both the foundation of the university-wide Department of Sociology and the work of the Division of Sociology as part of the Faculty of Philosophy. To date, the Faculty of Sociology has the following departments: Department of Theory and History of Sociology (profile “Digital Sociology and Social Diagnostics” for undergraduate students and “Digital Sociology and Social Analytics” for master’s students), Department of Applied Sociology (profile “Sociology of Marketing” for undergraduate students), Department of Political Sociology and Social Technologies (profile “Social, Political and Management Technologies” for undergraduate students). Graduates of bachelor’s and master’s degree programs can improve their qualifications within the framework of postgraduate studies in order to defend their candidate’s theses in sociology in the Dissertation Council 24.2.366.04. In terms of continuing their professional development, there is an opportunity to defend a doctoral dissertation or join the ranks of the faculty.RSUH has developed its own model of sociological education. This allows to prepare a universal professional sociologist capable of not only independent judgments and critical thinking, but also of “mastering the craft” of organizing and conducting sociological research. Graduates of the Faculty are successfully employed both in research institutes and in sociological centers that are engaged in applied work. The article shows the process of formation of ZhanT.Toshchenko’s school of thought and reveals the peculiarities of the organization of professional educational and academic activities at the Faculty. The concept of the Faculty of Sociology is based on the paradigm of the sociology of life developed by ZhanT.Toshchenko. It includes a combination of theory and empiricism in teaching disciplines, as well as taking into account the real needs of the labor market; a special personnel selection to hire employees who have a knack for both research and educational work.The success in the development of the Faculty of Sociology at RSUH is a worthy result of the long-term fruitful activities of ZhanT.Toshchenko and the research and educational team that he have built up among like-minded people.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):221-229
221-229
Book reviews
On the Development of Publication Experience as a New Direction of Young Researchers’ Education. Review of the Book “The Principles of Publication Activities”
摘要
The review analyzes the recently published textbook entitled “The Principles of Publication Activities”. It was written by authors who work at Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University. Today, this subject area is at its initial phase of development in Russia, while all published study guides predominantly focus only on one of many aspects of publication processes. The main features of the analyzed book include (a) a complex review of the problems, and (b) their description from different viewpoints. It is authored by editors, scientometricians and lecturers, as all of them demonstrate a high level of personal engagement in research and publishing activities. The authors observe all actual issues of modern publication processes in a concise manner but give a sufficient number of illustrative examples and instructions to young researchers regarding preparation of manuscripts, their submission to a journal and further promotion into academic information space. Different types of research documents are thoroughly described, the stages of their preparation are characterized, recommendations on communication with journal editors and peer-reviewers are provided, the topical principles of publishing ethics are depicted, as well as features of functioning and assessment of published papers in different information systems are presented. The textbook will be useful for both young researchers and lecturers who teach students and postgraduates the basics of information and publishing activities.
Management of Science: Theory and Practice. 2024;6(4):230-236
230-236