Том 508, № 1 (2023)

The most promising areas of research in the field of plasma aerodynamics are proposed. On the basis of the presented experimental data obtained recently, the possibilities of using the volumetric force effect on the gas flow in aerodynamic applications, which is realized with the help of near-surface electric discharges, are considered. One of these applications is to increase the length of the laminar section of the boundary layer on the swept wing in order to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the aircraft in the cruise flight mode. The second direction is associated with the control of the three-dimensional separation of the boundary layer on the elements of the mechanization of the swept wing in the take-off and landing modes. And the third direction is the reduction of surface friction in the turbulent boundary layer, which is realized on most of the surface of modern near- and supersonic aircraft. The proposed studies are not only of applied, but also of fundamental importance due to the physical complexity of the studied phenomena.

In the our crystallographic theory of martensitic transformation, a new characteristic of martensitic transformation appears – a relaxation rotation, which was not in the generally accepted phenomenological theory of martensitic transformation. The relaxation rotation is necessary to obtain an invariant plane. The calculated angle of relaxation rotation for iron alloys with non-thermoelastic martensite is 1.75–1.85 degrees, for thermoelastic Geisler alloys with multilayer martensite 0.19–0.36 degrees. The relaxation rotation leads to the scattering of the texture of martensite. The scattering angles of single X-ray reflections of martensite in different alloys were measured and it was found that the scattering angle corresponds to the angle of relaxation rotation. This result shows that the our crystallographic theory of martensitic transformation describes the real mechanism of martensitic transformation.

A class of power tensor series (constitutive relations) with coefficients (material functions), which are functions of three independent invariants, is considered in three-dimensional space. Based on the Hamilton–Cayley formula the exact expressions in the form of matrix series are found for the coefficients of three-term representations of such power series. The relationship of the coefficients of direct and inverse three-term constitutive relations is derived. The cases of tensor linearity, or quasi-linearity, as well as the independence of material functions from invariants are discussed.

On the basis of a geometrically nonlinear model of a Bernoulli-Euler beam, the influence of the amplitude and shape of the initial curvature on the nature and stability of the static equilibrium positions of the system under conditions of electrostatic and thermal effects has been studied. With the help of numerical methods of the theory of bifurcations, a complete parametric analysis of the diagrams of evolution of equilibrium positions for beams with initial curvature in terms of symmetric and asymmetric lower modes of free vibrations is performed. The regions in the parameter space of the values of the axial force of a mechanical or temperature nature and the strength of the electrostatic field, in which the elastic system has the property of bistability, are determined. The prospect of using the considered class of structures with projected geometry perturbations as sensitive elements of high-precision microelectromechanical sensors of various physical quantities is noted.

In the early stages of the Moon’s formation, its growing lithosphere experienced complex time-varying temperature and gravitational stresses. Despite the subsequent intense impact transformation of the surface, during the gravimetric study of the GRAIL space mission, the presence of ancient deep intrusions was detected. The analysis of linear gravitational anomalies shows the expansion of the outer rigid layer of the planet at a certain early stage of the Moon’s evolution due to the excess of temperature stresses over gravitational compression. Obtaining the dependence of the time interval of the lithosphere expansion on a number of dimensionless thermal conductivity parameters will make it possible to refine existing models of the thermal and geochemical evolution of the early Moon.

This article represents results of simulation of geomagnetically induced current impact on Consolidated power system of Centre of Russia during strong magnetic storm. The paper shows that complex of factors appears during this impact which can induce progress of blackout: significant decrease of voltage on a set of electrical power elements, mass cutoff of power transmission lines under the influence of relay protection and dangerous heating of construction elements of power transformers.