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Nº 7 (2023)
China and the US: Limits of Competition and Cooperation
Russian-Chinese partnership and the United States
Resumo
A number of important documents have recently been published that, in my opinion, deserve serious analysis. These are the two Russian-Chinese declarations signed at the Moscow summit (Joint statement of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation on deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era and stress settling the Ukraine crisis through dialogue. 21 March 2023; Joint statement by the President of the Russian Federation and the Chairman of the China People’s Republic on a plan for the development of key areas of Russian-Chinese economic cooperation until 2030. 21 March 2023). Soon after, a new concept of Russian foreign policy and a report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for 2022 were published (The Concept of The Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation. 31 March 2023; Foreign Policy and Diplomatic Activities of the Russian Federation in 2022. Review of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Moscow, March 2023); Earlier, the US Administration released the National Security Strategy (National Security Strategy. The White House. Washington, D.C., October 12, 2022; National Defense Strategy. The Department of Defense. Washington, D.C., October 27, 2022).
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):5-22
5-22
China in American Indo-Pacific policy: goals and evolution
Resumo
The formation of the US strategy in the Indo-Pacific, including an approach to China, is well described in scientific literature. Nevertheless, the “step by step» analyses of a considerable number of documents, published in recent years by Tramp and Biden administrations both, makes it possible to draw some special conclusions. On this base the article touches the evolution of the US regional goals and tasks concerning China, observes the practical instruments Washington continues to work out to implement them. The regional role of some other players including Russia and India also is a subject of reflection.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):23-35
23-35
Chinese surveillance balloon as a factor in U.S.-China relations
Resumo
The article is devoted to the incident of a stratospheric balloon belonging to China flying over the territory of the United States. The article examines technical aspects related to the balloon and its downing, as well as the impact the incident had on U.S.-Chinese relations. In addition, the author analyzes the domestic reaction to the incident in American politics. The author concludes that given the U.S.-China rivalry and the decline in military-to-military contacts, such incidents can be dangerous. Neither the U.S. nor China has made sufficient efforts to resolve the crisis, preferring to observe the situation and take political advantage of it. Excessive reaction of the political class in the US, while the circumstances of the incident have not been properly investigated yet, speaks of the prevailing bias against China in the legislative and executive branches.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):36-48
36-48
Scenarios of relationship in the “big triangle” in the current geopolitical situation
Resumo
The author believes that the turbulence of current world order is due to a sharp confrontation between the parties of the so-called “big triangle” - the United States, on the one hand, and interacting China and Russia. The situation has recently become more and more aggravated due to the intensification of fighting in Ukraine, where the Russian special operation is actually opposed by NATO, hiding behind the Ukrainian armed forces. The situation in the Taiwan Strait is also worrying and has seriously deteriorated due to provocative steps on part of the island’s authorities, pushed by the US leadership to violate the agreements in force with the PRC. In general, the world is going through a period of acute confrontation between civilizational systems in the East-West paradigm, associated with the definition and choice of a model of the future world order in the range from monopolar to multipolar formats.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):49-58
49-58
Russian-Ukrainian conflict as a factor in US-China relations: dynamics of the situation
Resumo
The Chinese peace initiative on Ukraine, even without any political formula and initial compromising proposals, is a significant diplomatic gain for Russia. Xi Jinping’s peace plan and his visit to Moscow dismissed the notion of isolation for Moscow, it confirmed China’s unabated line of support to Russia, plus support in economic, technological and energy ties. The Biden administration hawkish approach to China, notwithstanding Biden’s pro Ukrainian lobbying, sounded very unproductively on the Ukrainian issue. The reasonable Chinese reaction was to tilt closer to the Russian side, under such developments. However, Beijing’s moving closer to Moscow on the Ukrainian crisis will be kept under meticulous control by the Chinese side. Beijing is definitely not accepting the role of a mediator or broker of any kind between Russia, Kiev and the West.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):59-67
59-67
Sino-Russian cooperation in the context of Sino-US strategic rivalry
Resumo
With the strategic rivalry between China and the United States becoming a hot issue in current international relations, a probe into the causes of such rivalry is of realistic importance. Different from views that regard the escalation of the rivalry as resulting from the structural differences between the Chinese and American economy, the author argues that it is the changes in American politics that have intensified the ideological rivalry of the United States against China. Under the impact of this strategic shift in American politics, particularly with the narrowing of gaps between the national strengths of China and the United States, the United States is changing its views of China, regarding the latter as its would-be enemy. The improper handling of social problems brought about by economic globalization has worsened the relationship between the American government and society, bringing in its wake waves of populism, whose particular concern with economic issues in turn makes the American government pay particular attention to economic issues in its China agenda. The polarized appeals of interests of American voters have accelerated the polarization of American politics, which further lifts up the intensity of the strategic rivalry of the United States against China, causing its China policy to waiver from time to time. This is the direct cause of the downturn of the Sino-US relationship. Facing the escalating strategic competition between China and the United States, the 20th National Congress of the CPC made it clear that with the world entering into a period of turbulence following the transference of power from the West to the East, it is important to strengthen international governance to keep peace and stability of the world. In this context, China needs to coordinate its diplomatic relations with major countries and neighboring countries and strive for the building of a human community with a shared future in order to cope with the escalating strategic rivalry from the United States. At the same time, China needs to strengthen its cooperation with Russia to alleviate the security pressure from the Sino- US strategic competition. China and Russia have extensive common ground in promoting the multi-polarization of the world and maintaining peace in Eurasia as well as in cooperation with new emerging economies. Both countries should shoulder their responsibilities as great powers for promoting world peace and development while safeguarding their own national security.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):68-84
68-84
China-USA-Russia relations in conditions of military crisis in Ukraine
Resumo
The formation of a world order system in the conditions of the military crisis in Ukraine determined mainly by the relationship of the world's power leading centers, which primarily include Russia, China and the United States. Because of the events in Ukraine, its relationship looks like a "strategic triangle" on one of it peaks are Russia and China with the States that support multipolarity, on the other - the United States and its satellites, adhering to the unipolar system of international relations under the auspices of Washington. The third peak occupied by countries that adhere to neutrality to this crisis.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):85-93
85-93
Fourth Taiwan strait security crisis: China's response to N. Pelosi's visit to the island
Resumo
The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes and possible consequences of the fourth security crisis in the Taiwan Strait. U.S. House Speaker N. Pelosi's visit to Taiwan in August 2022 marked a point of no return in US - China relations. Beijing did not succumb to provocation and deliberately did not allow the diplomatic crisis to turn into a military-political phase. China clearly understands the potential risks of a military, political and economic escalation of the conflict with Washington, while external forces would inevitably be involved into it. At the same time, the Chinese leadership has demonstrated its readiness to give a commensurate response to the crises in all spheres of modern international relations.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):94-106
94-106
Usa, China and Russia in the new global political environment
Resumo
The hybrid war unleashed by the United States and the collective West against the background of Russia's special military operation against the neo-Nazi regime of Ukraine has sharply complicated the international situation in Greater Eurasia. In the European direction, Ukraine has been waging a war on the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions since 2014 to destroy its own people, who opposed the policy pursued by neo-fascists who seized power as a result of an armed coup. At the same time, under the patronage and with the comprehensive assistance of the United States, for 8 years she was preparing for a war with Russia for the return of the Crimea, and with other far-reaching (as it turned out later) goals. In this situation, a decision was made in Russia to conduct a preemptive Special military operation to protect compatriots with the subsequent demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine. All this resulted in a "hybrid war" of the collective West against Russia. The peculiarity of the current stage of this war is that Russia was not alone in the confrontation with the fifty states of the united West. Even a number of the closest US allies in NATO are sabotaging Washington's calls for assistance to the neo-fascist regime of Ukraine. Hungary ignores anti-Russian sanctions, Austria, Croatia and a number of other alliance members refused to supply heavy weapons to Ukraine. And even the Asian ally of the United States, South Korea, joined them: President Yun Seok Yel said that this is legally prohibited in relation to countries at war. In the other direction, in the Asia-Pacific region, the United States and its allies are stepping up efforts to improve existing and create new formats in order to strategically deter China, which supports Russia in its struggle. These actions by the United States and its allies have given a new impetus to Russian-Chinese cooperation in building a new world order based on international law.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):107-116
107-116
Misperception of Chinese foreign policy as a factor of US-China decoupling
Resumo
The article is dedicated to the problem of misperception of foreign policy strategy and ideology of People’s Republic of China. Nowadays Chinese foreign policy is a complex, situational set of attitudes, reflecting the contradictory nature of the modern Chinese state. Western countries focus only on ambitions of current Chinese leadership while Beijing has to counteract U.S. anti-Chinese efforts based on American idea that China is striving for world domination and will fight for this domination with America. Although neither Beijing’s doctrine documents nor its actions testify to this.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2023;(7):117-126
117-126