Vol 8, No 3 (2025)

bacterial vaginosis is currently one of the most common pathologies in pregnant women. It is during this period that the vaginal microflora undergoes a characteristic number of changes, which makes it the most vulnerable to opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms. It became obvious that dysbiosis increases the risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus. This is a leading cause of early miscarriage, perinatal morbidity and mortality. In addition, it is known that the standard groups of drugs used in medical practice have certain harm to the fetus due to their high bioavailability and their ability to penetrate placental barriers quickly and well. Therefore, it is very important to choose an effective treatment strategy that simultaneously protects the woman's body from foreign bacteria, but does not harm the organogenesis of the fetus, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. The treatment of pregnant women occupies a special niche in pharmacology. Therefore, we want to sanctify and select the most effective drugs with the least extensive side effects and teratogenic effects. This article will provide a comparative description of the drugs and suggest the most gentle and effective treatment tactics.

the article is devoted to the study of the features of hair extensions in alopecia as a way to overcome stress after hair loss. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that this problem affects people of all ages and genders, causing not only physical, but also psychological suffering. One of the modern and affordable strategies for restoring self – confidence and overcoming stress is hair extensions. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of hair extensions as a method to help people cope with psychological stress caused by alopecia. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in restoring self-confidence and improving the quality of life. The main hypothesis of the study is that hair extensions significantly reduce stress levels and increase self-esteem in people suffering from alopecia. In conclusion, the author concludes that alopecia is not only a physical problem, but also a serious stress for many people. Hair extensions can be one way to deal with the effects of hair loss, helping to restore confidence and improve the quality of life.

in recent years, the problem of effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become increasingly important. Among the new approaches, special attention is paid to the use of Semaglutide, a synthetic analogue of the human incretin hormone GLP-1. The aim of the work is to identify the advantages of Semaglutide, its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as to assess the safety of the drug. The article discusses the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic features, effects on body weight, the cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal tract. The methodology includes methods of comparative analysis, pharmacological research, assessment of the safety and efficacy of drugs. Preclinical studies that have shown the possible risks of using the drug during pregnancy are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the advantages of Semaglutide in comparison with other hypoglycemic agents, such as Metformin and Forsiga. It has been established that Semaglutide has high efficiency, low risk of side effects, a convenient dosing regimen and additional properties that help reduce body weight and improve metabolic parameters. The article highlights the prospects of using this drug in clinical practice, its positive effect on the general condition of patients and reduction of the risk of complications in type 2 diabetes. The results of the analysis confirm the need for further study of Semaglutide and its integration into the standards of diabetes treatment.

parasitic diseases have a significant impact on the working capacity of the population, leading to reduced productivity and economic losses. Chronic infections cause fatigue, anemia, weakened immunity, and nervous system disorders, which affect concentration, cognitive abilities, and overall well-being. As a result, sick leave increases, job performance declines, and in severe cases, a person may even lose their ability to work effectively. This paper examines the main mechanisms of the effects of parasitic diseases on the body, their impact on the economy, health and efficiency of the population.

this article examines the current understanding of the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) with an emphasis on the pathogenetic features of different types of the disease. Key risk factors are described, including genetic predisposition, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and the role of immune mechanisms. The analysis of the latest data on the impact of changes in the gut microbiota and the environment on the likelihood of developing diabetes is presented. Modern approaches to research and diagnosis, as well as new therapeutic and preventive strategies are considered.

at all times and at different ages, schoolchildren have found themselves in situations involving risks to life and health. Is it possible to identify a factor influencing the manifestation of danger in a student’s life? This article puts forward the assumption that the degree of involvement in dangerous situations depends on the life conditions of the student; the more eventful his life is, the fewer unpleasant situations happen to such a child. If external conditions do not allow the student to fully realize the potential, then it is manifested in involvement in danger, regardless of the degree and nature of such a life-threatening, physical and psychological state of the individual. A survey was conducted, based on which conclusions were drawn about the common features of schoolchildren or the similarity of living conditions, according to which schoolchildren, regardless of the danger situation itself, be it suicidal behavior, sexual assault, cyberbullying, etc., become victims of certain negative events. Ways to solve this problem are proposed.

the article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the personality characteristics of a doctor by students of Kemerovo Medical University. This assessment was carried out twice: the first time to build an ideal model of a doctor from the qualities we proposed, the second time to find out if each student's self-assessment corresponded to this model. Research methods: a survey of students based on a questionnaire developed by the authors with provided answer options, a correlation analysis of the survey results, on the basis of which we investigated the correspondence of students' self-esteem to the ideal model of a doctor. We have proposed a model of an ideal doctor, consisting of 24 personality traits. We consider the correlation coefficient between the respondent's assessment of the importance of the qualities of the ideal model and the self-assessment of these qualities as a characteristic of psychological readiness for the profession of a doctor. Students consider intellectual qualities to be the most important for a doctor in comparison with strong-willed, moral and communicative ones. When self-evaluating the ideal model of a doctor, students recognize the lack of their own intellectual and volitional qualities. The majority (90%) of first-year students at Kemerovo Medical University highly rate their psychological readiness to become a doctor. Our proposed assessment methodology and questionnaire can be used to assess applicants' readiness for the medical profession.

the purpose of the study is to examine historical aspects and current views on the alternativeness and relevance of stimuli. The objective of the study is to improve the polygraph technique. The materials of the article will help to avoid excessive confidence in American methods and to rethink the meaning of the control question. The article examines the concept of a control question, since the aspects of alternativeness and relevance have not been fully studied. These properties are important for the correct recognition of lies and require further study. The concepts of "relevant stimulus" and "stimulus relevance" are different: the first determines the type of question, and the second is one of the main properties of polygraph stimuli.

this article explores the potential of communicative training as a means to enhance first-year students adaptation to university learning conditions. The article focuses on the successful and smooth adaptation of first-year students during the early stages of their studies. It examines the problems faced by freshmen – newcomers who often experience disadaptation, stress, and increased anxiety – as well as the causes of these issues. The authors analyze the psychological factors that facilitate successful adaptation to both the academic studies and university life. The authors also examined effective technologies and methods for reducing adaptation time and facilitating this process. In their view, active learning methods (ALM) play a significant role in the development, improvement, and automation of first-year students' communicative skills and abilities. In particular, they emphasize the importance of the implementation and active integration of communicative training into the educational process. Based on their work at the Federal State Budgetary Education Institution of Higher Education “MSTU,” the authors describe their training exercises, which help participants recognize their individual potential, unique characteristics, and resources. These exercises also encourage students to be mindful of the emotional experiences and the interests of those they communicate with. Participants in the training sessions share what concerns them “here and now,” discussing what is happening to them in the group at the moment. The article also includes elements of training exercises as recommendations for university instructors. These recommendations aim to reduce disadaptation in the learning process and, in the long term, enhance the learning experience and academic performance of university students.

the article presents a theoretical review of scientific literature on the subject of defining the phenomenon of readiness for activity. The main approaches to this phenomenon are considered, different understandings and characteristics of readiness for activity, which offer certain forms and directions, are defined. Readiness plays an important role in psychological research, determining the ability of an individual to effectively cope with a variety of tasks. Readiness levels can vary depending on age, experience, and other individual characteristics. Understanding the factors affecting readiness allows us to develop strategies to improve it, which is especially relevant in educational, professional and social spheres. The following elements were used as methodological bases in organizing the research: the phenomenon of readiness, components of readiness, historical context and development of the concept of readiness. Psychological aspects of readiness for activity, mechanisms of readiness formation, the influence of motivation and attitude on the formation of readiness phenomenon were studied. Personal characteristics of readiness, which play a key role in the formation of individual's readiness for activity, are studied. They are understood as stable traits and qualities that determine human behavior in various situations. These aspects include self-esteem, self-confidence, motivation and personal responsibility, which form the basis for perceiving and responding to challenges. This in turn determines the level of readiness to perform tasks. The study of the phenomenon of readiness for activity requires the use of a variety of methods to cover both quantitative and qualitative aspects of this complex phenomenon. Readiness research methods can be classified into three main categories: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Each of these categories has its own advantages and limitations, making their use complementary. This paper reviews the theoretical analysis of existing literature.

the article consists of two parts: the first part presents a theoretical review of existing concepts in modern psychology that describe the content and features of coping strategies, the second part presents universal coping strategies that can be applied in stressful situations caused by the influence of rapidly transforming reality. The work systematizes currently existing ideas about the types and principles of the impact of coping strategies, and makes significant distinctions between the concepts of "coping strategies" and "psychological defense".

the article examines the features of life values of student volunteers studying in the direction of "Pedagogical education". The "value vacuum" that developed in our country in the post-perestroika decades led to the problem of professional identification, which was especially acute in the training of teaching staff. In the work, much attention is paid to the life-meaning guidelines of student teachers as one of the most important motivators of their further professional identity and professional development. An attempt was made to compare the life guidelines of student volunteers and students who are not involved in volunteer activities. It is noted that the value-semantic attitude to the future profession of teachers should be formed at the initial stage of their professional development. It is determined that in modern society, volunteer activity plays an important role not only in solving serious problems of the state, but can also be a tool for the personal and professional development of future teachers.

this article examines the specific features of psychological support for military personnel after combat operations. The current reality is characterized by increasing contradictions and tension in interactions between countries, and the presence of military conflicts, the special military operation regime, and the activation of terrorist organizations exacerbate the military-political situation. These circumstances influence the demands placed on military personnel, their physical and mental state, and their ability to make sound decisions. The level of moral, political, and psychological well-being of military personnel affects their readiness for combat. In modern conflicts, high-quality psychological training and effective methods of support and rehabilitation are becoming critically important. Psychological support covers a wide range of aspects – from creating a safe and supportive environment to actively working with emotional and behavioral reactions, therefore, a more holistic and systematic approach is needed, taking into account both the individual characteristics of each serviceman and group dynamics.

in psychology, three main types of anxiety are distinguished: situational (reactive), personal (general) and social. Their diagnostics requires the use of various methods: questionnaires, psychophysiological methods and projective techniques. Anxiety diagnostics is an important task of psychological science and practice. The purpose of the work: is to conduct a study of individual characteristics of anxiety manifestation in employees of the penal system of Russia The results of the conducted study indicate the need for an annual survey of employees. A wide range of psychodiagnostic methods was used for a comprehensive assessment of the level, features of manifestation and factors influencing anxiety. Psychological questionnaires and tests were used to diagnose anxiety in penitentiary system employees. They allowed us to identify the general level of anxiety, as well as its various aspects. Conclusion. Psychological diagnostics of anxiety in penitentiary system employees is an important task that requires an interdisciplinary approach and consideration of the diversity of factors influencing its development and manifestation. The results of such diagnostics serve as a basis for developing effective methods of prevention and correction of anxiety states of employees.

destructive behaviour in the professional environment – in crisis – manifests itself as a disruption of organisational stability, reinforcing stress-induced dysfunctions; it alters workplace dynamics (crises act as amplifiers of existing tensions, exacerbating behavioural asymmetries rooted in socio-cultural conditioning). The purpose of this study is to examine the gendered manifestations of such behaviour, addressing a critical gap in theoretical frameworks that do not sufficiently account for the intersection of psychological stress mechanisms and occupational hierarchies (previous studies isolate behavioural typologies but ignore the systemic interaction between crisis factors and gender responses). Objective: to analyse the differential manifestations of ‘active-destructive’ (aggression/confrontation) and ‘passive-destructive’ (withdrawal/avoidance) behaviours by gender categories in high-stress professional environments, integrating psychological, sociological and organisational perspectives (existing literature presents fragmentary interpretations). A mixed method approach combining quantitative regression analysis (identifying statistical correlations between stress indicators and behavioural manifestations) and qualitative thematic analysis (extracting contextual information from semi-structured interviews) is used; sampling criteria include industry exposure to crisis, thus ensuring empirical validity in the professional hierarchy (response rate: 78%). Results: men show aggressive/confrontational behaviour (correlation coefficient: 0.32, p<0.01), women predominantly withdrawn/emotional detachment (correlation coefficient: 0.41, p<0.01); increased stress reinforces these tendencies: cortisol levels in male respondents in crisis scenarios increase by 23%, which correlates with increased aggression (in women, emotional fatigue increases by 31%, which reinforces avoidance). The findings allow for the development of crisis management measures: adaptive management strategies and gender-sensitive psychological support mitigate workplace disruptions, increasing organisational resilience (policies that consider gender reactions to stress allow for the restoration of workforce stability).