Features of the Motif of Punishment of Sinners in European Gothic Sculpture (outside France)

The article continues the analysis of the embodiment of the motif of punishing sinners at the Last Judgment in the art of the European Middle Ages. Of great interest are examples of the interpretation of this theme in the Gothic art of Germany and Spain. Starting from the French models, which formed a kind of canon, the sculptors of these countries created their own versions of the interpretation of the motif of retribution for sins, which reflected the characteristic features of the emerging national cultures. At the same time, some figurative solutions are deeply individual, such as, for example, the tympanum of the cathedral in Bamberg (Germany) full of sharp expression or the detailed naturalistic archivolt of the collegiate church in Toro (Spain).