COGNITIVE FOUNDATIONS OF METAPHORIZATION AND METONYMYZATION OF HYPONYMS (BASED ON ENGLISH AND FRENCH)

The paper aims to study the processes of metaphorization and metonymyzation of different types of hyponyms in French and English and to determine the cognitive foundations of these processes. For the first time the definition of hyponyms as implicit motivated language signs is proposed founded on the notion of concrete nomination and narrow reference. The typology of hyponyms is elaborated and their types are singled out. It is established that potential of metaphorization and metonymyzation depends on types of hyponyms. Species-species hyponyms which are the most numerous possess the biggest potential. Hyponyms exposed to metaphorization and to metonymyzation change often their neutral register for expressive, colloquial, common parlance, acquire special meaning and are used in professional spheres of communication.