Utopian and Anti-utopian Views on the Architectural Process as a Prediction of the Period of Functionalism in Western Architecture in the First Half of the 20th Century

The purpose of the publication is to study the influence of utopian and anti-utopian views on the architectural process of Western architecture in the first half of the twentieth century. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general scientific and special historical methods. The study is based on problem-historical analysis, taking into account the social conditions of that time. A major role was played by the retrospective method, assessing events in their historical development and revealing the problems under study in their dynamics, features and contradictions. The materials of the study include the works of More, Campanella, Fourier, Cabet, Owen, Bellamy, Chernyshevsky, Bogdanov, Zamyatin, Huxley, Orwell. The results of the study – utopians and anti-utopians in their ideas foresaw the period of functionalism in Western architecture.