The History of the formation of Iranian poetic avant-garde in the 20th century

The article presents the origins of avant-gardism in modern Persian poetry and the stages of its development in the XX century. In order to identify the social and political prerequisites for the modernization of literature, the period of the Constitutional Revolution in 1905–1911 is considered. Attempts to renew the Persian verse and create its theory were first studied by such literary figures as T. Rafat, A. Lahuti, N. Yushij, H. Irani, Tondar-Kiya, A. Ahmadi and others. The classification of Iranian poetic movements (conservative poetry, nimaist poetry and radical poetry) is considered. An overview of the work of the main representatives of Iranian literary avant-gardism is presented on the basis of an analysis of the relationship of their poetry with avant-garde and modernist literary trends such as Dadaism and Surrealism. The periodization of avant-gardism is described, the prerequisites for its emergence are analyzed, as well as the historical conditions of its formation and features of its development within the socio-cultural context. There are broken meters and unequal stanzas in their poems, but the individual efforts of each of them could not rise to a normative level. These authors, unlike Nima, did not leave behind a single theoretical work on new poetics, where an exhaustive description and justification of the need for new literary forms would be given. As a result, the work of Nima Yushij became the culmination of their creative quest. The purpose of the article is to acquaint the Russian-speaking reader with the phenomenon of the Iranian poetic avant-garde on the examples of "new poetry", poetry of the "new wave" and "poetry of volume", as the most influential avant-garde currents of modern Persian poetry. Particular attention is paid to the creative activities of the founders of the avant-garde.

modern Persian poetry, Poetic avant-gardism, renewal of Persian verse, nimaistic poetry, radical poetry, "new Poetry", poetry of the new Wave, poetry of volume, innovators, new Persian poetry