No 2 (2025)

The features of the development of domestic unmanned aerial vehicles are given. The main problems of the technological evolution of cargo quadrocopters have been revealed. The concept of the development of unmanned cargo multi-purpose multi-propeller flying aircraft is presented, reflecting the system of using a hydraulic transmission using the example of a quadcopter. The issues of accuracy, stability, controllability of the automatic control system and regulation of the hydraulic transmission of a cargo quadcopter are considered. A possible description of the hydraulic drive of the quadrocopter rotors as an object of regulation is presented. The forces acting on the quadcopter in flight have been determined. The controlling, disturbing and corrective effects on the automatic control and regulation system of the hydraulic transmission of the quadcopter are identified and described. The analysis of the possibility of using aircraft piston engines to drive the transmission of a cargo quadcopter, volumetric axial plunger pumps and hydraulic motors has been performed. New circuit solutions for hydromechanical devices for correcting static and dynamic characteristics are shown. Schematic solutions of hydraulic transmission regulators are presented: pressure regulator, dynamic pressure regulator, speed regulator, power regulator, LS regulator. The advantages of using regulators are described. The proposed hydro–mechanical controller with LS-regulation makes it possible to improve flight stability and energy efficiency of a multi-rotor aircraft.

The paper deals with the development and application of a virtual simulator of MI-8T helicopter based on Virtual Reality technology using Blender, 3DCoat and Unity software which allows reproducing a realistic picture of instrument panels, electrical panels and flight controls of the helicopter.  The operator interacting with them can carry out various procedures of switching on, checking the operability and readiness of onboard equipment for flight. This is useful in conducting lessons for students and cadets of the university and in advanced training of aviation specialists and can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of the educational process and training of aviation specialists.

Due to the significant increase in the density of traffic flows, especially air ones, technologies of high-precision spatial determination of air objects are increasingly being introduced into ground-based radio engineering transport control systems. The article presents the synthesis and formation of the required directivity diagram of a small aperture antenna array of a vertical sounding radar (VS radar). The task of increasing the accuracy of measuring the angular coordinates of air objects and implementing super-resolution in a VS radar with a small-element antenna array requires solving serious problems associated, first of all, with the formation of the amplitude-phase distribution of the probing signal on the physical elements of the small-element antenna array in conjunction with virtual antenna elements, provided that the energy potential and signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver output are sufficient under conditions of a small antenna aperture and pulse power of the probing signal. The use of VS radar data as part of surveillance radars will ensure the overlap of the blind zone of the dead funnel of the surveillance radar, and thus form a continuous radar field in the upper hemisphere of space.

This paper presents a study of the variable camber morphing wing parameters influence on aerodynamic performance. A comparison of traditional plain flaps and slats (nose flaps) with variable camber morphing wing elements was performed. Numerical simulations were conducted using the XFLR5 software suite implementing XFOIL algorithms. The analysis was performed for a wide range of configurations and conditions, including variations in the rotation axis (hinge) position of the high-lift devices along the wing chord, and a broad range of deployment and angle-of-attack values. The key factors influencing the effectiveness of morphing high-lift devices have been identified.

The paper analyzes speaker voice identification methods that are widely used in the practice of flight accidents investigation by speech recorded in the cockpit of a moving aircraft during an emergency situation on board. The advantages and disadvantages of each of methods are described, the factors reducing the reliability of the identification are indicated, and the methodological foundations for using utterances of persons recorded on a phonogram, whose attribution has already been established as an additional data source, are formulated. The prerequisites for constructing a step-by-step methodology for attributing utterances of persons recorded in the cockpit of a moving aircraft using the latest achievements in the field of forensic examination of audio recordings are given.

The article presents the results of the research conducted by students of the Faculty of Motor Transport of VolgSTU. It is shown that students are informed about this type of transport to different degrees, many have an idea about the prospects for its introduction into the urban infrastructure, and they also understand the dangers of its use. It is revealed that the attitude to the introduction of unmanned motor vehicles depends not only on gender preferences, but also on the driving experience of respondents.

This study examined polycode semiosis in communication on the popular Telegram platform, where the interaction of verbal and non-verbal codes forms the basis for effective information transmission. The research relevance stems from the need to analyze polycode texts in the context of digitalization, where the growing role of virtual communication is transforming traditional semiotic systems. The study aim was to identify the features of polycode communication as a means of representing the author’s intent by establishing correlations between verbal and non-verbal codes. This paper focused on examining polycode texts in Telegram news channels and their role in conveying the author’s intent. These texts perform cognitive, expressive, phatic, and metadiscursive functions. The study analyzed the interaction between verbal and non-verbal components of messages. The results confirmed that polycode communication enhanced the communicative potential of content. The non-verbal code can both complement the meaning conveyed by the verbal code, revealing the sender’s stance, and alter it, sometimes even contrasting with it, to express an additional evaluation that is not explicitly represented through verbal means.

This article is devoted to the identification and analysis of strategies used in the localization of news articles on the Journal du Cameroun website (Republic of Cameroon) from French to English. When localizing the text of the article, the cultural characteristics of the audience receiving the text and the relationship between verbal and non-verbal signs are taken into account. The leading localization strategies are the domestication and the foreignization; the information restriction strategy acts as an additional strategy. In the process of localization, the interaction of these strategies is being observed. The analysis of the verbal component revealed the dominance of the domestication strategy. The information restriction strategy, which is associated with a significant reduction in the original text and its abstraction, is much less observed. When updating this strategy, the unnecessary details or the clarifications of the original article are eliminated, and the foreign-language recipient receives the most important, relevant and reliable information.

When localizing articles, the authors revealed the transformation at the level of multimodal elements, the photos are replaced, the number of photos is changed, or the visual element is completely removed. The pictorial material of the original French-language articles is being transcreated: the images are replaced completely or simplified, and the low-quality photos are replaced with higher-quality ones.

. The article presents the features of the anthropological turn in modern science and substantiates its specificity. The necessity of its application in retrospective pedagogical research is proved as it can change the "standard model" and typical errors of such research. The possibility to define the goal of anthropological historical and pedagogical research as "construction of phenomena" of the history of education and pedagogical thought is substantiated. The paper defines the main characteristics of anthropological historical and pedagogical research (range of topics, conceptual foundations, methods, sources, etc). A conclusion is made about the need to expand the problem field and methodological research apparatus on the history of pedagogy and education through the use of the anthropological approach, which will require the harmonization of the criteria for their expert assessment.

The article discusses the technique of using "Mind maps" for combined listening and speaking training for students of language training profiles. Listening comprehension is used as a basis for constructing a monological utterance. While listening to the text, the student fills in the Mind map prepared by the teacher, entering important details into it in the volume and in the sequence that the mapmaker intended to achieve the goals of this exercise. The completed Mind map serves as a prompt for the student to create his own oral monologue on the topic covered in the text for listening. The application of the "Mind maps" technique in English language classes at a university is substantiated, and the course of the lesson in which this method can be used is described. As a result of the testing of this method among students of the 3rd year of the language profile, its effectiveness for the development of foreign language communicative competence in the absence of a language environment was confirmed. The article provides data from a survey of students participating in the testing, and concludes that it is advisable to use the "Mind maps" technique, taking into account the development of students' creative thinking and the ability to establish hierarchical and logical relationships.

The article is devoted to identifying the didactic potential of the lecture-discussion and the conditions for its implementation in the practical activities of a university teacher. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the main advantages of the lecture-discussion are determined, allowing to correct the shortcomings of a traditional monologue lecture without losing its genus characteristics. The results of a survey of teachers and students of Tula State University are presented, confirming the importance of the lecture-discussion for the development of critical thinking and cognitive independence of prospective specialists.

The article considers the possibility of improving the quality of mathematical education of students in Russian schools using new approaches related to the applied aspects of the studied mathematical apparatus, which are based on the principles of continuity in learning, as well as targeted, meaningful and technological continuity with other natural science academic disciplines. As a result of the conducted pedagogical research, it has been revealed that the study of functions and fundamentals of mathematical analysis, which are the basis of the mathematical apparatus for studying and mastering the laws of mechanics, is particularly difficult for high school students. In this regard, the article presents the mechanics section "Kinematics" as an interdisciplinary framework between mathematical apparatus and mechanics, formulated by L. Euler. Since knowledge of mechanics is the basis for mastering many other special engineering disciplines studied in engineering and technical universities, proposals related to the substantive part of the Federal Work Programs of Basic and secondary General Education in mathematics and physics have been made to solve the problem of continuity of standards of school and university education.

The work uses a set of theoretical and empirical research methods: analysis and synthesis, historical and logical analysis, modeling, study and generalization of pedagogical experience at school and at an engineering and technical university.

The study of the world's pedagogical experience in the field of effective process of individualization of education, professional and personal self-development and self-improvement of students has proved that there is a need to provide them with pedagogical assistance and support. The article presents the results of formation and historical development of the concept of tutoring in the education system. The authors refer to the historical and theoretical description of the tutoring formation process, comparative analysis, summarizing and systematizing the existing facts about tutoring practice, borrowed from European education and increasingly applied in Russia. It is established that the forms and methods of teaching originate from the Middle Ages, when the first universities appeared in England, where students were given full freedom to choose their learning trajectory. For its realization there was a need for a person-tutor, ready to support and mentor students in learning and education. It is determined that due to the transition to European standards of education the Russian education system has undergone significant changes. At the head of the educational process is a student’s personality, ready for constant self-improvement and self-development. All that demonstrates a need to develop technologies of tutor support, including distance professional development in postgraduate education.

The increasing demands of the state and society on the younger generation place a greater burden on students, which negatively affects their emotional well-being. A teacher, consciously or intuitively, determines his own criteria and methods to achieve the adolescents’ emotional comfort.

A teacher consciously or intuitively determines his own criteria and ways to achieve emotional well-being. In pedagogical practice there are not enough tools aimed at its stabilization. At the same time, teachers do not know how to use those that exist. The problem of the study was to identify the tools that, on the one hand, are already used by teachers to solve various educational tasks, and, on the other hand, can contribute to the stabilization of adolescents' emotional well-being. Various factors influence the emotional comfort. This study showed a relationship between social intelligence and emotional stability.

The author created the target recommendations for teachers on how to stabilize students’ emotional state developing their social intelligence.