No 3 (2024)
GENERAL PEDAGOGY, HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY AND EDUCATION
Formation of educational and business epistolographic tradition in native didactics in the second half of the 17th century
Abstract
Bridging the chronological gap between the past and the present is an urgent condition for the process of didactic tradition of the new educational discipline «Russian Language and Business Communication.» At the same time, the correlation of the substantive and methodological content of this educational discipline with the historical and didactic continuity implies a direct appeal to the historical conditions that objectified genesis and the consolidation of the educational and business epistolographic tradition in domestic didactic practice. A comprehensive analysis of the situational changes caused in the second half of the 17th century by the beginning of the processes of forming a regular state, carried out within the framework of historical, anthropological and sociocognitive approaches, made it possible to distinguish a number of significant grounds that caused the appearance of handwritten alphabet copy-books with exemplary business letter-writers. The appearance and subsequent spread of this type of alphabet-books is a marker significant documentary fact of mental-cognitive recodification of public consciousness from the totality of sacred-religious meanings to the parallelism of divine providence and secular-business semantics, when reliance on divine justice was coupled with the need to follow within the given framework of administrative-bureaucratic accordance. The results achieved during the study make it possible to assert that the process of forming a domestic educational and business epistolographic tradition initially had a situationally objectified and autochthonously specified character, thereby defining its specific features, namely utilitarianism, prescriptivity and didactic pragmatism. At the same time, the very fact of the spread of the educational and business epistolographic tradition, which, in fact, was an option of the didactic mediation of the supra-chiefdom principle of the «sovereign» service, the practical grounds for positive inclusion in the unfolding processes of forming a regular state were set up.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):7-16
7-16
Effective use of messengers by teachers in a media educational environment as an indicator of the level of media literacy
Abstract
The work is devoted to the actual problem of the use of messengers in the professional activities of a teacher; the concepts of “media literacy” and “media hygiene” are considered in the context of the media educational environment of a general educational institution; the results of the study on the problems of using instant messengers in pedagogical work are summarized. In connection with the total digitalization of education, the transformation of the educational environment into a digital educational environment in general educational organizations, components of the organizational and pedagogical conditions of education based on digital technologies have been formed. Among the resources and services used for receiving, storing and promptly transmitting information, messengers began to occupy an informal but significant place in the work of teachers. The aim of the study was to determine the level of proficiency in services for instant messaging by teachers as an indicator of their level of media literacy and media hygiene. A survey of teachers was conducted on the Yandex Forms constructor. The results of the study made it possible to assess the degree of skills in working with instant messengers and will be further used in the development of guidelines for teachers on media security and media hygiene in order to reduce the risks and threats of using instant messengers and optimize professional activities.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):17-24
17-24
METHODOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Formation of positive professional motivation of bachelors of pedagogical education in the conditions of individualization of the educational process
Abstract
The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the undeniable importance of the formation of professional motivation for the academic achievements of future teachers in the process of studying in higher education, their successful professional adaptation, and self-realization in the teaching profession. Individualization of the educational process through students building an individual educational trajectory (IET) of personal and professional development and education acts as a key factor determining the development of positive professional motivation of future teachers (freedom of choice of training courses, sources of information, methods and means of independent work that satisfy the need in autonomy, competence, affiliation). One of the forms of individualization of professional training of future teachers - undergraduate students is the organization of the educational process according to the “2+2” or “2+3” scheme (with two profiles), providing applicants with the opportunity to enter an enlarged group of specialties/directions (UGSN) with subsequent choosing the direction of training and profiles of the educational program after the second year. The implementation of the “2+2(3)” training scheme at the Moscow City Pedagogical University revealed that students have difficulties associated with undeveloped skills of independent work, self-regulation of educational activities, responsibility for their professional choice, etc., which indicates the relationship between the success of training students in IET with the development of professional motivation of students (interest in teaching activities, awareness of its social significance, activity, perseverance, perseverance in achieving goals, etc.). Purpose of the study: to develop the structure and content of tutor support for bachelors of pedagogical education, including motivational support for the implementation of IOT. Research methods: analytical review of domestic and foreign scientific sources, comparative analysis, generalization of results, design. Results. The structure of tutor support is formed by four interconnected stages formed in the educational practice of universities (information-diagnostic, design, organizational-technological, evaluative-reflective). At each stage, the tutor, in the process of subject-subject interaction with the tutor, selectively influences his motivational states (desires, interests, aspirations, intentions, etc.), motivating, directing and supporting the tutor’s activities in the process of designing and implementing IOT.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):25-34
25-34
Promoting professionalization through the organization of cognitive activities of students of the direction “Oil and gas business” at the initial stage of education
Abstract
The main supplier of personnel for the oil and gas industry in the Komi Republic is Ukhta State Technical University. Its main task is the training of highly qualified specialists (professionals). According to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, future specialists should be ready to independently and effectively solve problems in the professional field. To be in demand and competitive in their industry, a specialist needs to continuously engage in self-education. Assistance to self-education of students at the initial stage of education at the university is carried out through the involvement of students in active cognitive activity. But, as practice shows, the level of cognitive activity of most modern students leaves much to be desired. That indicates the relevance of the topic of this study. Initially, the causes of low cognitive activity were identified and analyzed, and the motivational component of the process was studied. Further, the main ideas of the process of organizing the cognitive work of students of the direction “Oil and Gas Business” in the classroom in mathematics are revealed. The idea of creating a special system of assignments in mathematics containing various forms of independent learning activities that contribute to the formation of cognitive activity is presented.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):35-46
35-46
Scientific research practice as a means of developing methodological culture of teacher-musician
Abstract
The problem of the insufficiency of the methodological culture of a teacher-musician is considered, the reasons for its emergence in the professional sphere and in the system of musical pedagogical training of students as future teacher-researchers are analyzed. This is a systematic indifferent attitude towards the school subject “Music” as a “peripheral” one, as well as the specificity of the training profile, due to the creative nature of the training context, which presupposes particularly labor-intensive and labor-intensive musical performance training. The role of educational practice (research work) in arousing interest to this type of professional training and involving students in design and research work is substantiated. Its positive influence and effectiveness are shown, expressed in active participation in research conferences and scientific and methodological seminars with reports and publication of scientific articles, development of creative research projects. The results of a questionnaire survey of 4th year students who had an annual educational practice (research work) are presented. The answers of the interviewees confirmed the increase of their methodical literacy, interest, activity and effectiveness in design and research activities, its positive influence on forming of methodical culture and, in general, professional culture of the future music teacher.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):47-53
47-53
Focus group as a research method in the classroom for studying tasks with multicomponent drawings
Abstract
The article considers the disclosure of the meta-subject essence and significance of tasks with multicomponent drawings in the professional training of students of an educational organization of secondary vocational education based on the results of work in focus groups of students and undergraduates. As a result, the concepts are clarified: “multicomponent drawings”, “tasks with multicomponent drawings”, and also the requirements for tasks with multicomponent drawings and criteria for their classifications are determined. The paper highlights and characterizes 5 stages of work in focus groups; the recorded facts about the use of tasks with multicomponent drawings in the educational process of a technical school and university are described; multicomponent drawings are considered as a way of encoding educational information that stimulates the work of both hemispheres of the brain, allowing you to create non-verbalized images necessary for completing tasks. The tasks under consideration are defined as a synthesis of visual supports and a text field, taking into account the “clip thinking” of a modern student, contributing to the formation of meta-subject results and the emergence of ideas in the form of mental images necessary for successful mastery of competencies within the framework of the profession or specialty received by the student.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):54-63
54-63
THEORY AND METHODS OF TEACHING AND EDUCATION
The stages of formation of foreign language professional lexical competence at Medical University
Abstract
The author shows the stages of formation of foreign language professional lexical competence based on the use of previous and current interdisciplinary connections, characterizes the skills of each stage in the process of formation of the professional lexical competence, gives an example of the developed plan for systematic interaction between students and teacher emphasizing the impact of the plan on the stage formation of students’ oral speech. The article touches the psychophysiological basis of lexical skills which is the automated dynamic links as unity of semantic and auditoryspeech-motor images of certain lexical items in the process of their application in speech activities. The formation of this kind of links determines automated processes of vocabulary application in a coherent speech context causing the effective formation of foreign language professional lexical competence. The described stages involve the use of interdisciplinary connections at the stage of formation of language lexical skills as an initial component of lexical competence, at the stage of formation of lexical skills of reproductive-productive oral speech as the progressive constituent of professional lexical competence and at the stage of spontaneous speech as the stage of application of productive lexical skills that determine the formation of professional lexical competence.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):64-71
64-71
A system of exercises for teaching foreign design students the language of the educational and scientific sphere of communication (based on texts on color science)
Abstract
Successful implementation of joint international educational programs requires foreign students to have a high level of proficiency in the Russian language not so much in the social and social-cultural, but in the educational and scientific sphere of communication. Consequently, there is a request for the creation of professionally oriented highly specialized training tools. For students of the Joint Engineering Institute, created jointly by Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University and Jiangsu Pedagogical University, teachers of the Center for Russian as a Foreign Language of the Higher School of International Educational Programs have developed textbooks on the language of the specialty in each field of training. “Russian as a foreign language. The language of the specialty. Design” is a textbook developed for Chinese students of the Joint Engineering Institute of the Industrial Design training area. The structure of this textbook includes such lexical topics as “Introduction to Design”, “Basic concepts of Composition”, “Color Science”, “Descriptive geometry” and “Engineering Graphics”. Color science is one of the basic disciplines of the general professional cycle for the direction “Design”. An innovative system of exercises based on authentic texts in the specialty “Color Science” allows Chinese students to prepare for third-year studies in Russia outside the language environment.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):72-80
72-80
Russian-Korean Paremiological Dictionary as a means of forming the linguocultural competence of Korean students of Russian studies
Abstract
The article examines the problem of lexicographical representation of Russian proverbs to Korean students of Russian studies. The concept of an innovative paremiological dictionary is presented, which can be used to develop the linguocultural competence of future teachers of Russian as a foreign language and translators. A special feature of the dictionary is its cross-cultural nature: linguocultural commentary accompanies not only Russian proverbs, but also their Korean equivalents. The principles of material selection are described, all parametric zones of a dictionary entry are considered, and a sample of a complete bilingual lexicographical description of a Russian proverb and its equivalent is given. The methods of working in a student group with each zone of the dictionary entry are shown, and it is indicated which parameters of linguocultural competence this work is aimed at forming. Particular attention is paid to creative tasks, when students, using recommended sources, develop linguocultural comments on Russian and Korean proverbs. The data from the final control showed that the experimental work carried out with lexicographic materials turned out to be an effective means of developing the linguistic competence of Korean students, increasing interest in paremiology and motivation to study the Russian language and culture. This confirms the practical significance of the study, the materials of which can be used in classes on Russian as a foreign language and in the compilation of educational dictionaries of proverbs. In scientific terms, the research results presented in the article complement the theoretical basis of the cross-cultural approach to teaching a non-native language.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):81-89
81-89
PSYCHOLOGY
Irrationality as a resource for coping with uncertainty
Abstract
Transformations connected with modern processes of informatization and digitalization make a person’s habitual living environment fundamentally different and change himself, requiring new forms of behavior and choices of a model of action. In the paradigm of existential psychology, the article substantiates the thesis about irrationality as a potential resource for coping with the experience of discomfort of uncertainty. The author reviews irrationality as a manner of thinking, as a way of behavior in a diverse social reality, as a mode of existence of an individual in conditions of uncertainty and as an integral part of the modern self. The novelty of the author’s approach lies in the fact that irrationality is seen as a specific extra way of compensating for the accelerating obsolescence of individual experience, the non-adulting of contemporary people and the becoming of a fragmentary identity. Using irrationality contributes to the transformation of modern man into an “open system” and actualizes the ability to behave, shifting the frames between the already accepted, “own” senses and values of the subject and those potentially possible and realizable for him. A comparative analysis of the possibilities of rational and irrational behavior in situations where existing experience is insufficient but a person cannot avoid the need to make decisions and act is carried out. The author formulates provisions about the possibilities of an irrational attitude in interaction with reality as the basis of transgressive behavior and the use of new possible “logics” (axiologic, Bayesian logic, imaginative logic) in a person’s exploration of reality and himself.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):90-99
90-99
Positive loneliness as a means of solving psychological problems in adolescence
Abstract
The problem of experiencing loneliness in adolescence is considered, in particular, attention is drawn to its constructive nature. Putting forward their own working definition of the concept of “loneliness”, which refers to a mental state, the authors formulate the idea of the presence of a so-called field of loneliness, which includes zones of fencing and exclusion. The key to the work is the concept of positive loneliness, as one of the types of loneliness associated with a person’s internal work on his own experience, namely with its processing and integration. The purpose of the study was to identify the possibilities of experiencing positive loneliness as a potential means of solving such psychological problems in adolescence, such as problems of self-attitude, searching for the meaning of life and emotional well-being. Based on the results obtained during testing and processed using methods of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, the authors draw conclusions about the characteristics of the experience of loneliness, including positive ones, among high school students, university and college students. The study showed that the experience of positive loneliness can determine the significance or insignificance of certain life meanings and the desirability of various emotional experiences, and this, in turn, can help solve problems of finding the meaning of life and emotional well-being.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):100-111
100-111
Functional organization of language competence from the point of view of the metasystem approach
Abstract
The paper reveals the content of the metasystem approach to the study of the functional structure of language competence as a psychological-pedagogical phenomenon. The analysis of the currently conducted research carried out in the field of linguistics, pedagogy and psychology has demonstrated a weak elaboration of the problem of the functional organization of the language competence system. The partial functions of the system are considered as derivatives of the functional orientation of its fragmentary components. The functional certainty of the system is formed as an additive set of “elementary” functions. The metasystem approach makes it possible to uncover and overcome “implicit” contradictions in the understanding of the functional organization of the language competence system. The basic metasystem regularities of the functional organization of systems with a built-in meta-level, to the class of which language competence belongs, are considered. These regularities are the principle of meta-goal determination of the system, the principle of diachronic system organization, the principle of constant interaction of the actual and potential content of the system. Theoretical assumptions are put forward about the increase in the functional capacity of the language competence system as its structural and dynamic organization becomes more complex. The functional organization of language competence depends on the change in complexity and, accordingly, on the delay in achieving the goal of the educational language task. The content of adaptive, regulatory and transformational-generative functions of language competence is revealed. It is established that language reflection, a sense of language, language skills and abilities are “tools” for the implementation of these functions. At the same time, their functional capacity differs depending on their place in the structural-hierarchical organization of the language competence system. The formulated assumptions are important for creating a methodologically reasonable program of psychological-pedagogical support for the formation of language competence as a functionally mature structural and dynamic systemic structural part of personality of a pupil.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):112-123
112-123
Short version of the self-control in communication questionnaire: reliability, validity, factor structure
Abstract
The study of self-control in communication is relevant due to the negative impact of excessive use of smartphones and social networks on “live” communication. At the same time, research actively uses the “Self-Control in Communication Scale” created 40 years ago by M. Snyder. With regard to longdeveloped methods, there is a belief that they need to be re-tested, since the answers of respondents today may differ significantly from the answers of their long-standing predecessors, on whose answers these questionnaires were created many years ago. The goal of reducing questionnaires is also relevant, since large questionnaires cause difficulties in collecting materials and worse quality of the responses received. The objectives of this study are: 1) to develop a reliable and valid shortened version of the Self-Control in Communication Questionnaire; 2) construction of a factor model of self-control in communication. Baseline data for the study were collected through an online survey of 1,911 respondents. As a result of the study, a short version of the social self-control questionnaire consisting of 8 questions was constructed. The short version of the questionnaire satisfies the basic criteria of validity and reliability and has better psychometric properties than its original version. A consistent two-factor model of self-control in communication has been constructed.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):124-135
124-135
Morals, values and laws: philosophical, legal and psychological aspects
Abstract
The article examines the issue of the interpretation of morals, values, and laws in philosophical, legal and psychological aspects. The authors note the expediency of studying these three categories, in not the traditional pairs “morals-values”, “values- laws” and “morals-laws”. From the position of legal philosophy, morality is influenced by external influences in the form of legal norms, but law itself is determined by moral guidelines. The interrelation between these categories does not initially exist in the consciousness of an individual; it arises and develops as their self-awareness develops. The “growing” of legal and moral ideas into valuable beliefs occurs as the individual takes the responsibility for his action, which can be moral (internal, subjective) and special (external, objective). The first type consists in filling the action with personal meaning, the second – the action to be done in accordance with moral and legal norms. Understanding the complex mechanism of interrelation and mutual transitions of morals, values and laws allows us to reveal the stages of formation of systemic psychological education as moral reliability. According to the authors, moral reliability reflects the unity of the three categories and includes the mechanisms of functioning moral-semantic, cognitive, regulatory and behavioral actions in the situation of choosing a way to obtain material benefits.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):136-145
136-145
Features of adaptation to the preschool educational organization of children with different levels of health
Abstract
The issue of the specifics of the adaptation of somatically weakened children to a new social situation when entering preschool is considered. The characteristic of the concept of “adaptation” is given, approaches to understanding adaptation – biological and socio-psychological – are analyzed, emphasis is placed on the characteristics of health groups, as well as the term “somatically weakened children”. The results of an empirical study of the individual psychological characteristics of adaptation to preschool education of young children with different levels of health are presented through consideration of the level of their adaptation. The vast majority of children belonging to the healthy group have a high level of adaptability. Such children are calm, joyful during their stay in preschool, there are no whims, reactions of fear and protest, they actively contact a group of peers and teachers. Somatically impaired children are diagnosed with an average or low level of adaptability. Representatives of this group demonstrate an unstable emotional state or, conversely, there are no reactions at all or may be characterized by quiet crying, lack of active movements, lack of attempts to resist, passive submission, depression, tension. The results presented in this article allow us to conclude that about fifty percent of the children of the randomly generated sample have some kind of health problems. It is shown that somatically weakened children have a number of obvious difficulties that interfere with them in everyday life and may interfere in the future, including during adaptation to pre-school education.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):146-153
146-153
OVERVIEWS
Modern comparative pedagogical research on the training of vocalists in China and Russia
Abstract
The role of comparative research has increased, and the interdependent world has become the modern context for the development of comparative pedagogy. Recently, the number of scientific and pedagogical publications devoted to music education and vocal pedagogy, in particular the training of vocalists, has increased in both countries. In Russian universities and conservatories, vocalists from China are trained, vocal competitions are held with participants from both countries, and Russian teachers in the field of music education are invited to China for teaching activities. The article summarizes the results of modern comparative pedagogical research over the past 15 years on the training of vocalists in China and Russia, carried out primarily by Chinese scientists alone, in collaboration with Russian scientists or under the scientific supervision of scientists from Russian universities. Their problems are mainly related to the influence of Russian vocal art (opera) on Chinese and the peculiarities of training vocalists in China and Russia (similarities and differences). The review of research data allows us to create a holistic picture of the current state of training of vocalists in the two countries, the specifics, development and integration of vocal schools. Modern research confirms the influence of Russian theory and practice in the field of training vocalists on Chinese musical and vocal education, but the training systems in both China and Russia are equally highly and respectfully assessed, their uniqueness, similarities, and differences are revealed, noting possible areas for improvement.
Pedagogical Review. 2024;(3):154-164
154-164