No 4 (2025)

The article is dedicated to analyzing the issues of material and technical provision in preschool institutions in the context of contemporary challenges of digitalization, state support, and the role of physical culture in children's development. A study is presented that identifies key factors influencing the quality of preschool education, such as the availability of innovative equipment (interactive boards, digital games, VR technologies), and its connection to the formation of digital skills, critical thinking, and creativity. The shortcomings in the development of modern infrastructure in several regions create risks of educational inequality, exacerbated by digitalization. Special attention is given to the implementation of government programs, including the national project "Education," the construction of "Growth Points," and "Quantoriums." However, their concentration in large cities and insufficient penetration into rural areas necessitate a revision of the resource allocation strategy. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the state of material and technical equipment in preschool institutions of the Central Federal District, as well as an assessment of the relationship between the condition of the facilities and the directions for the development of the education and upbringing system for children, including the promotion of in-demand skills and a healthy lifestyle. Research methods are based on the application of quantitative methods, statistical analysis of the facilities of early childhood education institutions, comparison of data between the regions of the Central Federal District, use of qualitative analysis methods, case studies of successful practices, expert interviews with representatives of federal and regional management bodies, and mixed approaches such as benchmarking with foreign analogues and content analysis of regulatory documents. Research results and conclusions. The necessity of updating the regulatory framework (SanPiN, FSES DO) for the integration of new technologies is emphasized, as well as the importance of developing physical culture as a tool to combat hypodynamia and strengthen family ties through programs such as "Family Sports Hour." The research results reveal a discrepancy in the provision of early childhood education institutions among regions. The pandemic has stimulated the development of professional communities of educators but has also highlighted a deficiency in digital literacy. Key issues include the lack of retraining programs for educators (soft skills), standardization of progress evaluation, and weak parental involvement. In the future, it is necessary to create a unified digital platform for monitoring the provision of early childhood education institutions, develop mobile forms of additional education ("auto-quantums"), and integrate traditional and digital teaching methods with an emphasis on balancing gadgetization and socio-emotional development. The study confirms that the success of preschool education modernization depends not only on infrastructural investments but also on systemic support for educators, family involvement, and ensuring equal access to resources for all regions.

The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate the effectiveness of the pedagogical project "Into the Future with Sports!" using innovative digital technologies. Research methods and organization. Theoretical methods were used (analysis of scientific and methodological literature, design of results and processes for their achievement); diagnostic (questionnaires, surveys, offline and online registration); mathematical and statistical data processing. The developed project was tested in the process of physical culture and sports work with full-time students of Kuban State University. Research results and conclusions. The analysis of the obtained results has proven the ef-fectiveness of the developed project "Into the Future with Sports!". The development and populariza-tion of technological sports and digital disciplines in higher education institutions, alongside classical sports, their paralleled existence, interaction, and complementarity, serve as an effective tool for en-gaging student youth in systematic physical culture and sports activities, allowing for the creation of a unique sports platform where the innovative interactive mode of gaming opportunities, combined with active motor activity, enables students to acquire a new fitness experience. The acquisition and use of high-tech sports gadgets will introduce innovativeness into the physical education and sports activities of physical education departments, which will undoubtedly assist in achieving better practical results in the educational and training processes, in fostering stable motivation among students for physical culture and sports classes, and in increasing the proportion of student youth engaged in sporting activities.

The purpose of the study is to enhance the physical quality of strength in young athletes aged 7-10 in initial training groups through the application of psychological and physical aspects of the synaptic facilitation method. Research methods and organization. Methods of mathematical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, testing, parallel experiment, and pedagogical observation were employed. The developed methodology was tested in the training process of young athletes in jiu-jitsu. Research results and conclusions. The results of the study showed that the synaptic facilitation methodology has a positive effect on the sports performance of young athletes. The improvement in test results and competitions in the experimental group compared to the control group confirms the effectiveness of this methodology for enhancing sports training and performance.

The purpose of the study is to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the methodology of technical training of athletes in the racing component of Nordic combined skiing. Research methods and organization. Methods of video analysis, biomechanical analysis, methods of mathematical statistics were used. The developed method has been tested in the training process of young Nordic combined athletes. Research results and conclusions. The significant improvements in macro-kinematic characteristics, spatial-temporal indicators of skiing technique and changes in the values of articular angles at key moments of skiing established in the course of the study indicate an increase in the level of technical training. The result obtained allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of the developed methodology.

The purpose of the study is to improve the technique of transporting an injured person in water among students specializing in "swimming." Research methods and organization. The research was conducted at the Department of Theory and Methodology of Swimming at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Saint Petersburg, from 2021 to 2024. Research methods: summarization of many years of author's experience in professional activity; analysis of pedagogical observation protocols; pedagogical experiment. Research results and conclusions. The research results allowed for: identifying the most significant methods of applied swimming, mastering which enables successful acquisition of the technique for transporting an injured person in water; determining common mistakes in the techniques of primary transportation methods; theoretically developing and experimentally justifying means for improving the vital skill of transporting an injured person in water among students specializing in "swimming" as part of practical classes in the educational discipline "Theory and methodology of the chosen sport".

The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of various aspects of specialized training on sports performance in sports radio direction finding during the process of long-term preparation. Research methods and organization. The pedagogical experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2020. During the experiment, athletes underwent control tests that characterized the level of sports-technical, physical, and psychological readiness; the time losses on the distance where the best result was shown were determined. Subsequently, the rank correlation dependence of the time losses on the indicators of the level of special preparedness was established. Research results and conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, it has been established that at the initial stage of long-term preparation, the degree of proficiency in the elements of operational radio direction finding techniques significantly influences the outcome. At the same time, throughout the entire long-term improvement process, a strong correlation exists between the sports result and the level of mastery in close-range radio search techniques. Furthermore, beginning from the stage of sports skill improvement, a strong correlation is observed between the sports result and the indicators of the development of mental abilities and mental skills, as well as the level of special physical training.

The purpose of the study is to identify key problems and barriers that hinder the successful organization of events, as well as to develop recommendations for its improvement. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature have been employed, along with comparison, surveys, and questionnaires. The validation of the research results was conducted among experts, coaches, and organizers of mas-wrestling at the "Modun" sports complex. Research results and conclusions. Recommendations have been formulated to enhance the quality of the organization of competitions. The results obtained demonstrated an undeniable potential for the development of mas-wrestling in the region and the necessity of comprehensive efforts to improve the quality of organizing mas-wrestling competitions.

The purpose of the study is to develop and experimentally verify the effectiveness of a methodology for improving the quality of training sessions with volleyball players of mass categories at the pre-competition stage of the annual sports training period based on the implementation of a comprehensive approach in the construction and realization of the training process. Research methods and organization. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, video recording of gaming activities, methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved two groups of amateur volleyball players (experimental and control), each consisting of 12 participants. The athletes participated in the championships of the Krasnodar region in volleyball among men's teams of the amateur volleyball league (AVL). Research results and conclusions. The results of the study indicate the expediency of using the developed program in the practice of training with volleyball players of mass categories.

The purpose of the study is to enhance the scientific understanding of the issue of improving the effectiveness of attacking actions of highly qualified beach volleyball athletes through the use of deceptive movements during the second touch. Research methods and organization: analysis and summarization of specialized scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observation; method of statistical processing of research results. A pedagogical observation was conducted with an analysis of the competitive activities of highly qualified beach volleyball athletes from the Swedish national team (David Ahman, Jonatan Hellvig). Data were collected using the Data Volley program and entered into specially formulated protocols, containing designations for each touch of the ball during the match. Research results and conclusions. The high effectiveness of attacking actions with the second touch indicates that the players possess a high level of technical skill in executing this element and skillfully utilize deceptive movements. Deceptive movements when performing the second touch are an integral part of the Swedish team's game strategy. The high effectiveness of applying deceptive movements indicates a good level of mastery of this technical element and an optimal choice of moments for its application, which ultimately leads to disorganization in the defensive actions of the opposing team’s players.

The purpose of the study is to identify and define the rank structure of psychological and pedagogical conditions necessary for the implementation of exercises aimed at dynamic muscle relaxation, as well as to analyze the causes of spinal injuries among kettlebell athletes. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, survey, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. It has been established that exercises for dynamic muscle relaxation are very important for enhancing the effectiveness of training. These exercises should be incorporated into training plans regardless of the specific muscle groups they target. As a result of such distributed training, an athlete can ensure an even load on all muscles. It has been determined that the range of initial and main training weights is crucial for proper load distribution and injury prevention, as excessive or insufficient weight increase can lead to either muscle strain or inadequate training stimulation, hindering progress in sports training.

The purpose of the study is to find and determine the most effective means of impact based on the use of exercises in various conditions of their execution within the training system for female basketball players. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics have been employed. The developed methodology using various means of influence has been tested in the training process of university female basketball players. Research results and conclusions. All developed tools, methodological techniques, environmental conditions, and methods have different preferential impacts on the motor activities of athletes and allow for the realization of the existing potential in competitive activities.

The purpose of the study is to determine the main visual and empirical differences in the playing technique of flovoten players of varying levels of preparation, which most significantly impact the final result, in order to establish the theoretical foundations of effective playing technique. Research methods and organization. Methods of visual observation, video recording, and statistical counting were employed to assess the effectiveness of the technical and tactical actions of the 10 leading flovoten players from SUAI participating in the university's first championship in a 1x1 format. The evaluation was conducted based on the following indicators: percentage of accurate serves; distribution of serves across the court; visual assessment of serve quality; percentage of accurate shots in play with lower and upper balls; and the ratio of errors when playing with the forehand and backhand sides of the racket. Research results and conclusions. The conducted research allowed for the identification of the main components of the game that distinguish the performance of leading players from that of less skilled flovoten athletes, which include: the ability to execute a stable and precise powerful serve to the area of the baseline and sidelines of the opponent's court, the capability to confidently strike the ball with both the forehand and backhand sides of the stick, a lower percentage of errors when playing high balls, as well as the skill to read the field and possess unconventional game thinking. A high dependence (86%) was noted between a well-executed serve and winning the corresponding rally.

The purpose of study is to scientifically substantiate the content of the technological ap-proach implemented through the application of a universal algorithm for forming a basic technical and tactical arsenal of defensive actions at the initial training stage in taekwondo. Research methods: analysis of special literature, pedagogical observations, surveys of ath-letes and coaches, design, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The obtained data allowed for the design of the content of the technological approach in the form of a universal algorithm, ensuring the effectiveness of the formation of the basic technical and tactical arsenal of athletes' defensive actions.

The article emphasizes that in powerlifting it is necessary to implement classification divisions for a more accurate identification of winners in this sport. The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the technology for forming sport-functional classes in powerlifting for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders, based on the analysis of the results of the Paralympic Games in Paris and Tokyo, and to develop an optimal algorithm for the creation of norms and requirements for inclusion in the classification code. Research methods: analysis of the results of the Paralympic Games, championships, and cups of Russia. Research results indicate that the division into sports-functional classes has been positively received in the Russian sports arena for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders in the discipline of powerlifting. Athletes and coaches are interested in classification not only by weight categories but also by functional classes, which will contribute to an increase in the number of athletes registered in the categories of "short stature athletes" and "athletes with cerebral palsy." The classification into classes also promotes the development and greater popularization of powerlifting among individuals with musculoskeletal disorders.

The purpose of the study is to develop a program of corrective and health-improving activities based on the application of breathing practices combined with aerobic exercises for mature individuals after experiencing pneumonia. Research methods and organization. The method of analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical experiment, methods for assessing functional status and physical fitness, and methods of mathematical statistics were utilized. The developed program has been tested in the process of corrective and health-improving activities with men and women aged 40-45, who were at the outpatient stage of rehabilitation at the base of the State Healthcare Institution Polyclinic No. 30 and State Healthcare Institution Polyclinic No. 1 in Volgograd. Research results and conclusions. Reliable data obtained during the research process allow for an assessment of the effectiveness of the experimental program of corrective and health-improving activities concerning the improvement of the functional state and physical fitness of middle-aged individuals who have suffered from pneumonia and are currently in the outpatient rehabilitation phase.

To this day, the search for ways to enhance the work efficiency and psycho-emotional state of working men remains pressing and relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify the effectiveness of a comprehensive training methodology based on strength training with mature men in the context of a fitness center. Research methods and organization. The following diagnostic tools were used in the work: analysis and systematization of literary primary sources on the issue; survey/questionnaire using the C.D. Spielberger and Y.L. Khanin test; functional studies; pedagogical experiment; processing and analysis of data. The developed methodology has been tested in wellness activities at a fitness center while working with men aged 30 to 40. Research results and conclusions. The research materials indicate the normalization of heart rate at rest and heart rate recovery after exercise testing. This fact demonstrates the positive impact of the methodology on the adaptation of the cardiovascular system of men to varied physical loads. As a result, the average group indicators of the Rufier index, the Kverga index, and the Harvard step test index have significantly improved. The level of physical performance in men has increased. By the end of the study, men with low and high levels of situational anxiety transitioned to the moderate anxiety group. Additionally, all clients showed improvement in personal anxiety levels. The obtained materials allow for a conclusion regarding the effectiveness and feasibility of the experimental methodology when working with men in fitness center conditions.

Currently, there are universal requirements for the training programs of powerlifters with musculoskeletal disorders. The sports training of powerlifters with lower limb amputations has its own peculiarities that must be taken into account when developing training programs. The organization and structuring of the training process for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders remain pertinent issues, which should consider the type of injury sustained by the athlete and the age at which it was acquired. The purpose of the study is the optimization of training programs for powerlifters with amputational injuries. Research methods and organization. An analysis of the scientific research literature, the federal standard for sports training (FSSP) "sports for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders," and the training programs of adaptive schools preparing powerlifters has been conducted. The experience of coaches from adaptive schools and fitness clubs has been studied. Research results and conclusions. It has been revealed that there are universal requirements for the sports training of powerlifters with musculoskeletal disabilities, which do not take into account the wide variety of injuries among athletes. The sports training of powerlifters with lower limb amputations has its own peculiarities that must be considered when creating training programs. The timelines for preliminary preparation have been defined, necessary before the initial stage of training for powerlifters with acquired amputations in adulthood. The duration of the introductory stage can be significantly reduced to no more than 2-3 weeks. The training experience of athletes with lower limb amputations participating in the Russian Powerlifting Championship is approximately 4.5 years, indicating the need for additional scientific research on the training programs of experienced coaches working with this category of athletes.

The purpose of the study is to identify the level of professional training of a modern specialist in the field of the fitness industry. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of statistical data and special literature, as well as methods of mathematical statistics, were used. A statistical analysis of data obtained by the research company FitnessData based on a survey of Russian fitness facility operators conducted in February-March 2024 was carried out in the study. Research results and conclusions. The analysis of official statistics allowed for the identification of the main areas of specialized professional training for coaches in the fitness industry.

The purpose of the study is to identify the level of life meaningfulness formation among students of a physical education university. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, surveys, and mathematical data processing were employed. To determine the meaning of life, the "meaningful life orientations or guidelines" test was utilized. Research results and conclusions. Students of a physical education university, being highly qualified athletes, demonstrate elevated levels of life meaning orientations. This situation highlights the necessity to focus students' attention on the meaning and paths of further professional self-development, as inflated perceptions of oneself and one's abilities, shaped against the background of sports activities, may negatively affect current educational success and future professional activities and the process of self-development.

The purpose of the study is to examine the structure and factors of emotional burnout among office employees. Research methods and organization. The sample consisted of 30 employees of the organization, both women and men aged 24 to 48 years. The average work experience of the employees in this organization is 12.6 years. The research was conducted using a testing method. Research results and conclusions. The study revealed a number of factors that contribute to and hinder emotional burnout among office workers. Office employees exhibit the formation of all phases of emotional burnout: tension, resistance, exhaustion; these predominantly manifest in prolonged experiences of negative situations, inadequate responses to events, an inability to empathize with others, a decrease in emotional investments in professional and family spheres, and a sense of hopelessness. The risk of developing emotional burnout is higher among employees whose personality traits include passivity, rigidity, lack of initiative, sensitivity, anxiety, dissatisfaction with themselves, a tendency to become ill, poor self-control, emotionality, egocentrism, and suspicion. The factors that reduce the risk of emotional burnout include job satisfaction, a sense of subjective well-being, the ability to enjoy life, a positive self-attitude, emotional well-being, as well as the predominance of a competitive strategy in conflict situations.

The purpose of the study is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the works of foreign and domestic authors examining the psychological aspect of individual choices regarding alternative paths to parenthood. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature on the research topic have been applied. The material has been grouped, including results of empirical and theoretical studies and observations regarding certain psychological characteristics of candidates for substitute parents, childless individuals, as well as researchers' approaches to studying the problem. Research results and conclusions. The differences in perspectives regarding the choice of approach to studying the issue of alternative parenthood have been highlighted. The possible influence of worldview, identity, personal reproductive beliefs, and individual meanings, shaped or adjusted by the effects of various ideologies, on both the choice of approach to framing the issue and its study by researchers, as well as on the choice of how an individual becomes a parent, has been described.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the characteristics of development and adaptation of sports university students to the conditions of environmental change through nonverbal manifestations of personality traits (comparing them with the personality typology of K.G. Jung). Research methods and organization. The analysis of self-portraits and testing results based on the Keirsey methodology of first-year students at a sports university were the fundamental areas of research. An attempt was made to establish relationships between the parameters, personality types, and sports rankings of students, as well as their characteristics over time (comparative statistics of self-portraits of female students and girls aged 6-8 engaged in rhythmic gymnastics). Research results and conclusions. The main components of the personality of students engaged in aesthetic sports have been identified: extraversion, prioritization of sensations as leading mental processes, aggressiveness, demonstrativeness, anxiety and fears, the mutual influence of perfectionism and workaholism, unreasonable relationships with the body, and a low level of emotionality. The problematic aspects of motivational-behavioral characteristics include the need for protective control and security, loss of body schema, and a decline in ambition and involvement in current activities, which are characteristic of adaptation in the sports environment of higher education institutions.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the psychological factors of attention deficit in adults. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at the Department of General and Clinical Psychology of Samara State Medical University. Testing was carried out on students from the 1st to 5th years of the faculties of Medical Psychology, Medical Prevention Training, and Clinical Medicine. Research results and conclusions. A number of reasons that lead to attention deficit in adults, which are not of a neurological nature, have been identified. Signs of attention deficit were found in 10% of the surveyed students; high levels of anxiety were noted in 16% of the respondents, and elevated depressive symptoms were identified in 4% of the subjects; impairments in prefrontal control over the sequence of actions were found in 16% of those examined. Self-assessment of attention deficit according to the ADHD scale does not correlate with the objectively identified manifestations of attention deficit; therefore, subjective perception of attention disorders does not reflect the objective picture. Self-assessment of attention deficit according to the ADHD scale correlates with manifestations of anxiety and depression on the hospital scale, which indicates the necessity of conducting differential diagnosis of the causes of attention deficit in each specific case.