Impact of Textbook Reform on the Formation of Chinese National Identity

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Abstract

Introduction. A search for effective educational strategies that can form and maintain Chinese national identity is a highly relevant task for the Chinese academic community. Secondary school textbooks’ content revision has become one of the ways to solve the problem. The purpose of the article is to analyze the complex of educational and methodological materials within the framework of school education, aimed at influencing the formation of national identity in China.
Materials and Methods. To study the problem, we conducted a survey, in which schoolteachers and parents of schoolchildren from the city of Lanzhou (PRC) took part. In order to identify the views of these two communities regarding the impact of the updated textbook content on the emerging identity of schoolchildren, we analyzed the personal data, and to understand the learning outcomes, we examined in detail the content and structure of new textual narratives, comparing them with previous educational materials. This helped us to identify a mechanism for developing lessons using the corpus of cultural and historical heritage, which was the essence of the reform aimed at shaping national priorities in the identity of the younger generation. Owing to the chosen methods, we were able to better understand and comprehend the role that ideological education is designed to play in the conditions of modern China.
Results. The analysis showed that the updated textbooks reflect the main discourses of Confucian philosophy, fostering cultural and political identity in students. The survey showed that the increased national discourse in the content-factual part of textbooks facilitated the fostering of national identity among schoolchildren.
Discussion and Conclusion. The materials of this article can be used for further research of the educational process and its influence on the development of civil society cohesion. This can be useful for polyethnic states in terms of strategic planning and development of mechanisms of construction and maintenance of national identity when drawing up educational textbooks. The results of this study may also be of interest to researchers dealing with educational problems and considering education as one of the elements that play an important role in the formation of national identity, as well as for teachers and students.

About the authors

Alina M. Nurzhayeva

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Author for correspondence.
Email: nurzhayeva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7251-3671
Scopus Author ID: 57191900636
ResearcherId: I-3515-2017

PhD student of Chinese Studies Chair

Kazakhstan, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040

Nurzhamal A. Aldabek

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Email: nurzhamal25@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4113-8914
Scopus Author ID: 57190440432
ResearcherId: O-1262-2014

Professor of Chinese Studies Chair, Dr.Sci. (History)

Kazakhstan, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040

Gulnar E. Nadirova

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Email: gulnad@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7837-2598
Scopus Author ID: 57192297316
ResearcherId: N-9772-2014

Professor of the Middle East and South Asia Chair

Kazakhstan, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040

Nurzhan B. Saparbayeva

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Email: nurzhanasaparbaeva5@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5501-3683
ResearcherId: B-3570-2015

Associate Professor of Chinese Studies Chair

Kazakhstan, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040

Konstantin B. Svoikin

National Research Mordovia State University

Email: svoikin@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3484-612X
ResearcherId: O-3277-2018

Head of the English Philology Chair, Dr.Sci. (Philol.)

Russian Federation, 68 Bolshevistskaya St., Saransk 430005

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Copyright (c) 2026 Nurzhayeva A.M., Aldabek N.A., Nadirova G.E., Saparbayeva N.B., Svoikin K.B.

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