卷 50, 编号 4 (2016)

The causes are set forth for the appearance, in the water area of HPP reservoirs, of floating wood material, process diagrams for its reclamation, analysis of methods for clearing Siberian HPP reservoirs, and proposed ways of clearing the water area of the Boguchanskaya HPP reservoir.

The cause of tensile stresses in the contact zone under the first column, as well as the effect of dam static behavior on the seasonal variation of seepage regime parameters in the bed are found based on long-term structural observations on the state of tall gravity dams during their construction and operation. An approach of drain holes to the upstream face is shown to be an effective measure of reducing the backpressure at the foot of the dam.

This article presents estimates for the operating life of guide vanes that have been in operation for a long time. The calculations are carried out with due regard for weld defects on vane trunnions and foils, as well as corrosion damage to vane foils. Defect characteristics were determined using ultrasound, magnetic particle, and optical methods of nondestructive testing.

The paper puts forwards some results of studies on hydraulic resistance in a corrugated metal pipe with helical corrugation and smooth invert trough. Recommendations are given for calculating the roughness coefficient for pressure or free-surface water flows. Results of hydraulic studies suggest that pipe filling and slope impacts hydraulic resistance in free-surface flows.

The kinematic characteristics are considered of potential flow caused by an inflow cylinder of finite length, situated on an infinite impermeable cylinder filled with an ideal liquid. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the velocities along verticals that offer good determination accuracy. It is determined that flow characteristics confirm the correctness of analytical studies of potential flow created by an inflow cylinder of finite length, carried out by the author using his new approach for the investigation of potential flows having no analytical expression of the velocity-potential function. It is determined that the flow under consideration may be used to analyze hydraulic turbine spiral chambers.

The current state of and progress in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology are reviewed. The CFB technology has been used industrially in the boilers of generating units with powers up to 600 MW. CFB boilers are most widely used in China. The steam parameters and unit powers of systems with CFB boilers are increasing. CFB technology has the advantage of being able to burn a wide range of fuels, including biomass and process wastes, and this is a further stimulus for the introduction of CFB boilers. Based on studies of the hydrodynamics and heat exchange in model CFB boilers and generalizations of published data on advances in the design of CFB boilers, recommendations for the basic dimensions and performance of ash collectors and recovery systems in CFB boilers have been developed at the JSC “VTI” to ensure reliable determination of the major characteristics of boiler designs. Design methods and programs have been formulated. Recent designs for advanced coal-fired central heating and power plants at VTI confirm the suitability of CFB boilers for widespread use. The first CFB boiler in Russia is being installed and tested at the 330 MW unit No. 9 of the Novocherkassk GRÉS State Regional Electric Power Plant. Experience with the installation and startup of this unit will create the conditions for widespread introduction of CFB technology in Russia.

The results of testing the GTÉ-110 gas-turbine low-emission combustor (LEC) at an operating pressure of 1500 kPa are presented. It is shown that the developed technical solution provides pulsation-free changeover to low-emission operation of the LEC. The measurements confirm low NOx emissions and high combustion efficiency in the 50 – 100% load range. The stages of LEC development, the justification of the technical solution, and the results of testing the pilot LEC at an inlet air pressure of 350 kPa were detailed earlier in [1]. Comparing and analyzing the results of tests at reduced and full air pressures reveal that the combustor wall temperatures, gas temperature profiles, and combustion efficiencies are identical. Moreover, the results confirm the adequate simulation of acoustic boundary conditions at test facilities providing reduced and full operating conditions.

Vibration-isolated foundations have been increasingly used for gas-turbine units. It is shown that vibrationisolated foundations as well as monolithic foundations require geodesic survey. The shafting of the AE64.3A gas-turbine unit is highly sensitive to the redistribution of the bearing load on the bearing part of the foundation in different operating modes and upon foundation deformation.

Methods of modernizing the regulation systems of electric machinery exciters with high-frequency, brush-free, and collector exciters by means of microprocessor technology are examined. The main problems of modernization are to increase the response speed of a system and to use a system stabilizer to increase the stability of the power system.