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Vol 71, No 12 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 7
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1061-9348/issue/view/11377
Reviews
Methods for determining neurotransmitter metabolism markers for clinical diagnostics
Abstract
Published data describing the current status and prospects for the development of clinical diagnostics of a number of neurodegenerative and neuroendocrine diseases associated with neurotransmitter balance disorders in a human body are generalized, systematized, and assessed in the review. Characteristics, advantages, and limitations of neuroimaging techniques and different diagnostic methods based on measuring concentrations of protein markers, catecholamines, and their metabolites are discussed. Prospects of the application of optical methods, such as fluorimetry and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, to the development of sensor systems for the diagnosis of these diseases by the concentration of catecholamines and their metabolites in biological fluids are demonstrated.
1155-1168
Methods for the determination of local anesthetic agents
Abstract
The main methods for the determination of local anesthetics are considered, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. After the systematization of published data, it was established that the greatest number of works were devoted to the determination of novocaine, lidocaine, and ultracaine; therefore, methods for their determination are considered separately. It was demonstrated that the extraction and sorption preconcentration of local anesthetics as ion associates with chromogenic organic reagents is promising. It was substantiated that the development of combined rapid and sensitive extraction-photometric, sorptionspectroscopic, and colorimetric methods for the determination of novocaine, lidocaine, and ultracaine with chromogenic organic reagents in different test materials is a problem of considerable current interest.
1169-1181
Articles
Study of the conditions of formation of spectral and absorbption multidimensional images of motor fuels and liquid mineral technical oils
Abstract
Effect of experimental conditions on the possibility of formation of multidimensional images of motor fuels and liquid mineral technical oils used for the classification and identification of these samples by the method of pattern recognition is studied. Transmission spectra are considered as primary images of the studied samples. Multidimensional statistical analysis of the results of spectroscopic measurements is performed by principal component analysis. A noticeable increase in the separation of spectroscopic images on the statistical plane in the optimization of the spectral range of the primary image and the thickness of the absorbing layer is shown.
1182-1187
Applicability of the critical chromatography concept to proteomic problems. II. Effect of mobile phase on the separation of peptides and proteins taking into account the amino acid sequence
Abstract
The effect of parameters of a binary mobile phase (chemical properties of components, gradient profile, flow rate, and pH) on the separation of peptides and proteins is theoretically investigated using a model of critical chromatography (model BioLCCC). It is demonstrated that the retention volume of peptides can be inverted by changing separation conditions.
1188-1197
Electrophoretic separation of some nucleosides for the diagnosis of mastopathy and fibroadenoma
Abstract
Mixtures of 13 normal and modified nucleosides in a 70 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.7) supplemented with 100 mM of sodium dodecyl sulfate were separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography in 25 min. Electrophoretic profiles of urine are obtained; it is demonstrated that 1-methylinosine and 1-methylguanosine nucleosides can be used as markers of precancerous states (mastopathy) and benign tumors (fibroadenoma).
1198-1203
Chromatographic and chromatospectral characteristic of dicarboxylic acid monoesters
Abstract
Monoalkyl esters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid have not been reliably characterized by analytical parameters for their chromatographic and chromatospectral identification. Mass spectra of a series of monoalkyl phthalates (R = C1–C8) are discussed; their gas chromatographic retention indices on the RTX-5 polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase (5% phenyl groups) are determined. A linear dependence of indices on the number of carbon atoms in n-alkyl fragments of molecules and a correlation between the indices of any monoalkyl phthalates and corresponding diesters were used for the control of the data obtained. Using the last correlation, we found that most part of index values of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate given in literature is wrong and, therefore, the results of identification of this compound in various samples must be revised. It was found that simplest monoalkyl phthalates are unstable during gas chromatographic separation, which may result in distortions of their mass spectra. To compare with monoalkyl phthalates, a similar series of monoesters of (Z)-butenedioic (maleic) acid was characterized. Retention indices of monoalkyl phthalates in reversed phase HPLC were determined and discussed.
1204-1214
Determination of iodotyrosines in food
Abstract
A procedure is developed for the determination of iodinated amino acid residues—iodotyrosines—in food. The procedure is based on the hydrolysis of proteins of a food sample (meat, dairy products, bakery products, canned juices, etc.) followed by purification by solid-phase extraction. Analytes 3-iodo-L-tyrosine and 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine were determined by HPLC with mass spectrometric detection. The parameters of the chromatographic separation of iodotyrosines and the conditions of electrospray ionization are presented.
1215-1219