Vol 20, No 6 (2015)
- Year: 2015
- Articles: 12
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1028-9984/issue/view/2387
Articles
Chalenges of brain tumor treatment in patients with primary multiple neoplasms
Abstract
Care of patients with multiple primary tumors, one of which is a tumor of the CNS, is a challenge of today's neurosurgery. This article considers the role of neurosurgery to clarify diagnosis, as well as its influence on the further treatment tactics in patients with primary multiple tumors. 26 patients with brain tumors combined with previously treated malignant diseases of other organs were surgically treated. The observation proved the need to verify the morphological structure of brain tumors to prescribe the subsequent adjuvant therapy in the patients despite their cancer anamnesis.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):4-9
4-9
Regional biologic characteristics of skin melanoma
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma in the world has been growing steadily. In recent years, more attention is paid to the biological profile of melanoma that affects disease-free and overall survival, and, respectively, prognosis of the disease. Today the world medicine has a number of drugs which target biological functions of the tumor. Having an arsenal of analysis of biological characteristics of melanoma will soon start developing individual prognosis and possible treatment options for an individual patient and the population as a whole, i.e. to personalize therapy. The purpose of the study - to analyze the results of disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced melanoma taking into account tumor biological characteristics of the Krasnodar region. Methods. Histological analysis of postoperative material and evaluation of B-RAF mutation and Ki67 marker in patients with melanoma who received surgical treatment in 2013. Results. The data of biological characteristics of tumors in patients after surgical treatment with skin melanoma I-IV stage at the Department of Surgery of skin tumors and soft tissue in 2013 analysis found that the incidence of MK was detected more frequently in the female population of the working age group. The level of Ki-67 mutation showed no correlation with the age, sex and disease stage. BRAF-mutation detection was high that led to reduction of disease-free survival compared to patients who had no mutations, with the greatest number of mutations in gene BRAFV600 in the older age group.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):9-13
9-13
Nutritional therapy by a protein composite dry mixture in patients with gastric cancer
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most common forms of human cancers. Treatment ofpatients with gastric cancer after surgical treatment includes improvement of malnutrition. In case of cancer patients there is always a discrepancy between received and required energy. One of the main components of post-operative rehabilitation of patients is healthy food, which helps to reduce the frequency of complications andfaster recovery. The use of nutritional therapy by a protein composite dry mixture of 68 patients allowed correction of protein and lipid metabolism as compared to the control group.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):13-18
13-18
Vascularized flaps for pharynx and cervical esophagus reconstruction
Abstract
The article presents the results of application vascularized fascio-cutaneous flaps to replace partial and circular defects of the pharynx and cervical esophagus in patients with recurrent cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx. For a long time gastroepiploic flap, fragments of small and large intestine were usedfor restoring continuity of the pharynx, however, since high morbidity radiation and anterio-lateral thigh flaps are more justified to be used.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):19-22
19-22
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and additional neoplasms
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are reported to occur in association with other secondary neoplasms. It is necessary to exclude other malignancies in case of non-typical GIST metastases pattern. Most common additional malignancies are urogenital and colorectal cancer. Article presents a clinical case report of two synchronous malignant tumors: GIST and kidney cancer.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):22-27
22-27
Surgical treatment of a metastatic melanoma patient after targeted therapy
Abstract
The article presents issues of diagnosis, course of disease, results of target therapy and surgery of a patient with metastatic melanoma Material and methods. Patient B., aged 19, referred to the department of tumors of the skin and soft tissues of COD № 1MOH KR with complaints on painful tumors in soft tissues of the body, right thigh and left inguinal area. On the basis of the examination she was diagnosed skin metastatic melanoma with multiple soft tissue lesions in the body, right thigh, left inguinal area and left ovary. The patient had surgical treatment: left laparoscopic adnexectomy, left inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy, surgical excision of multiple soft tissue tumors in the body and right thigh. Results. We achieved a partial response to vemurafenib in the patient that allowed further surgical treatment. The postsurgical period was rather tolerable; the patient was discharged from the hospital under the surveillance of a cancer specialist near her place of residence.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):27-29
27-29
Target therapy of the vulvar melanoma based on the genetic study results
Abstract
The article presents two clinical cases of female patients with cancer family history, who have been diagnosed melanoma of the vulva (MV). Using specific PCR and PCR product sequencing, exon 11 KIT gene mutation was detected in tumor biopsy samples obtained from the patients, while BRAF gene mutations were absent. Positive dynamics in response to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib (Gleevec) was revealed. During the further treatment in one of the patients a minor NRAS gene mutation was found in metastatic modified inguinal lymph node, indicating a molecular heterogeneity of MV as one of the causes for acquired resistance to targeted therapy.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):30-33
30-33
Dynamics of age structure and level of re-recognized disability due to cancer in adult population in the Russian Federation in 2005-2014
Abstract
We analyzed special features of re-recognized disability due to cancer in adults in the Russian Federation in 2005-2014. We studied the absolute number, the level, and the age structure of the persons re-recognized as disabled. We determined the proportion of the re-recognized disability due to cancer among all the people re-recognized as disabled because of other disease types. Re-recognized disability due to cancer increased in the Russian Federation. However, the level of the disability among young and middle-aged population decreased, whereas it increased in retirement-age people. The level of the re-recognized disability in this age group of the adult Russian Federation people increasedfrom 10.1% to 41.6% per 10 thousands of the relevant population over 10 years (from 2005 to 2014). Malignant tumors ranked second after the blood system diseases as the re-recognized disability cause in the Russian Federation (in 2014).
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):34-38
34-38
Analysis of lung cancer cases in Krasnoyarsk region
Abstract
The article presents the study of lung cancer incidence in Krasnoyarsk region over the last 10 years. Growth of lung cancer cases accounts for 5.3% in the region. In the city of Krasnoyarsk lung cancer incidence has decreased by 21.2%. The greatest increase of lung cancer cases in the region for the studied period - 33.4% was found in women. On the basis of the established tendencies the authors made the calculation of the medium-term forecast of incidence in the region. By 2020 growth of lung cancer cases is predicted by 1.2 times, mainly in the female population.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):38-42
38-42
Dynamics of certain statistics of oncological patients in the Smolensk region
Abstract
The analysis of cancer patients’ statistics in the Smolensk region population in 2010-2014 revealed that the sickness (general and primary incidence indices) and the mortality rates are increasing every year. The mortality rate due to cancer in the Smolensk region over 2010-2014 increased by 16%. The proportion of cancer patients under regular medical check-up increased by 11.4% over 2010-2014. Breast cancer patients were the most prevalent in 2010 - 404 persons (12.3%); and patients with skin tumors (excluding melanoma) dominated in 2014 - 550 (14.2%). Gastric cancer was the most frequent cause of mortality due to malignant tumors in 2010 (16.5%); lung, trachea, bronchial tubes cancer - in 2014 (14.6%). The number of the patients who were followed up for 5 years and more from the moment of the diagnosis increased by 4% in the periodfrom 2010 to 2014. Prophylaxis based on cancer susceptibility determination as well as early tumor diagnostics are necessary to decrease these indices.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):42-45
42-45
Current strategies for diagnostics and treatment of lung and pleura metastasis
Abstract
The frequency of lung metastases varies from 1.6 to 55.4% depending on the site and histological structure of the primary tumor according to the literature data. As a result of improving chemotherapy effectiveness, emergence of new diagnostic techniques, anesthesiology and surgical facilities, indications for lung metastases surgery are extending. The proportion of surgery for intrapulmonary metastases does not exceed 2.5 - 4% of all the thoracic surgeries despite the huge contingent of patients who require this specialized care. The complications rate after lung metastases surgery is about 10-15%. Mortality after surgery for lung metastases ranges from 1.2 to 6%.
Russian Journal of Oncology. 2015;20(6):46-50
46-50
50-53