Vol 60, No 3 (2017)

An algorithm is proposed for using mixtures of distributions with the same names and with different names for stochastic prediction of changes in the numerical parameters of engineering objects during operation. The class of practical problems for possible prediction using mass servicing systems is expanded.

The MMIS-32 scaled multichannel measurement system, which is based on 32-channel charge-to-digital converters and has been developed and built, is described here. This system is intended for data acquisition from arrays of silicon photomultipliers used as multichannel photosensors in scintillation detectors. The basic parameters of the measurement system are presented.

A unified approach to the management of measurements in optical digital measurement systems with 2D sensor is considered. The proposed approach is based on exhaustive use of information redundancy, that is, the use of coordinate information about the object distributed over the entire field of the image. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated for the case of autocollimators. Results of simulation and experiment that confirm that the precision of devices may be increased through the use of a multi-element mark and coordinate information over the entire information field are presented. The basic problems that arise in the development and introduction of the approach are formulated.

The advantages of a new technique for measuring the nonlinear distortions of analog multipliers of signals by sensitivity, resolving power, frequency range and the implementation rate are experimentally confirmed.

A model of the static characteristic of a broad-band piezosorption moisture sensor for nondestructive monitoring of organic solvents is proposed. Based on the criterion of maximum sensitivity of the sensors, optimum ratios are proposed for the mass fractions of sorbents deposited on a quartz plate for measuring the relative moisture content of organic solvents for relative concentrations of 0–1 rel. units. Experimental studies are used to determine the model parameters for different ratios of the mass fractions of sorbents.

The use of the pulsed laser ablation method is proposed for obtaining solutions based on Dy₂O₃-nanoparticles for T₂ MRI contrast agents at high magnetic fields. It has been demonstrated that the PLA method can help simplify and shorten the duration of obtaining stable Dy₂O₃ nanoparticle-based colloids, the relaxivity of which exceeds the relaxivity values of commercially-available MRI contrast agents.

An installation for measuring the angles of polyhedral prisms is considered, in which autocollimators with digital registration of the coordinates of the optical mark are applied. Algorithms for solving systems of equations for the determination of angles by the method of aggregate measurements with the help of two and three autocollimators are described. The errors in the measurements are calculated and compared with the results of experimental measurements of the angles of polyhedral prisms.

A new approach is proposed for the metrology of optical measurements – the quantum metrology of photons. The specific nature of measurements of quantum polarization states of single and polarization-entangled photons is examined. The fundamental objectives of the modern metrology of photons are formulated.

A method has been developed to measure the cutting force during ultrahigh-speed metal processing, making it possible to estimate this force during processing. A specialized measuring transducer was designed and a methodology was created to interpret the transducer signal directly as it is being recorded by registration equipment.

The design and main metrological characteristics are presented for a Faraday cup type primary transducer for measuring electron flux density with maximum energy to 20 MeV and protons with maximum energy to 100 MeV, in the range 1·10⁵–1·10¹⁰ cm^–2·sec^–1, by transfer the units to measuring instruments incorporated into heliogeophysical equipment systems.

An algorithm for monitoring the state of insulation in voltage measurement transformers in the voltage generation circuit of power plants is discussed. A principle for constructing a monitoring device of this kind is proposed and its reliability for monitoring the state of the voltage measurement transformer is evaluated.

We consider causes that limit the accuracy of the measurements of complex transfer coefficients (CTCs) of a frequency converter by methods based on various combinations of parallel and series connections of the indicated converters. It is impossible to carry out such measurements without using a reciprocal frequency converter. It was established that the limiting accuracy of the given measurement methods was determined by the degree of reciprocity of at least one of the frequency converters.

Methods and instrumentation for measuring catalytic activity that may be useful in the development of standards are analyzed. Analysis showed that, with all the variety of methods and instruments for measuring catalytic activity, during the development of the standard it is necessary to fulfill a set of mandatory requirements in the selection of objects for the study (catalysts), methods, and measuring instruments.

Certain aspects of metrological assurance of building materials moisture metering are presented. Verification of dielcometric hydrometers using reference materials is considered. The advantages and drawbacks of sample simulators and reference materials based on natural substances are demonstrated. A broad range of standard samples and sample simulators is created in order to improve the system of metrological assurance of the building materials branch and regulatory documents that define the methods and means of verification of the moisture meters used with building materials are developed.